• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2003

본 연구는 우리나라에서 유통되고 있는 여러 가지 식품 중에 함유된 중금속 함량을 동시에 분석하여 종합적으로 평가하고자 수행하였다. 우리나라 전국 각 지역의 주요 시장 등에서 채취한 총 696건의 식품 및 가공식품을 습식분해하여 ICP를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴 및 주석 함량을 측정하였고, Mercury analyzer를 이용하여 수은 함량을 측정하였다. 통조림 식품 중 평균 중금속 함량은 납 0.10mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.04mg/kg, 주석 2.60mg/kg으로 나타났다. 육류 및 어패류 중 평균 중금속 함량은 납 0.40mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.03mg/kg이었으며 채소류에서는 납 0.03mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.02mg/kg, 수은 0.001mg/kg으로 나타났다. 어류 및 어류 통조림의 평균 수은 함량은 각각 0.08mg/kg, 0.04mg/kg이었다. 본 조사결과는 국내 외 조사에서 보고된 함량과 비슷한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.107-150
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• 2019

이 글에서는 영화 <보헤미안 랩소디>로 전세계에 '퀸(Queen) 신드롬' 을 일으키며 국내에서도 무려 1천만 명에 육박하는 관람객을 돌파했던 전설적인 록그룹 퀸(Queen)의 메인보컬 프레디 머큐리 등 4인의 퍼스낼리티와 캐릭터를 고찰하고자 했다. 문화콘텐츠가 대세인 오늘날, 이 논문은 카리스마 넘치는 목소리와 아름다운 대중음악 하모니를 남긴 퀸(Queen) 멤버 4인에 대하여 스토리텔링의 의미에서 그들의 퍼스낼리티와 캐릭터가 어떤 상관관계를 지니는가를 연구한 것이다. 이론적 배경으로서 밴드 구성과 역할 및 록 음악의 대중화를 위한 멤버들의 심리 및 인간관계 요인에 연구의 중점을 두되, 멤버들이 각자 태어나고 살아온 환경적 요인과 부모 등 가족관계 요인을 부수적으로 적용하고자 한다. 퀸(Queen)은 1970년대 초부터 1990년대 초까지 록그룹으로서의 탄생과 소멸에 이르기까지 대략 20년간 전세계를 다니면서 공연 흥행을 이뤄낸 밴드이다. 요컨대 개성이 강한 퀸(Queen) 멤버 4인들은 취향과 상상력에 따라 록 음악의 경계를 넘나드는, 즉 아카펠라, 발라드, 오페라, 하드록 등 전혀 다른 장르들을 조합한 실천적 구성으로 다양한 음악적 가능성을 보여주었으며, 대중과의 교감에서 탁월한 능력을 발휘하여 세대를 초월하는 전설적인 명성을 얻었다. 록그룹 퀸(Queen)과 그 메인보컬 프레디 머큐리 등 4인의 퍼스낼리티와 캐릭터는 내면적인 영향으로부터 외형적인 영향에 이르기까지 상관관계에 의해서 산출된 연계성의 발로였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.543-549
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• 1987

식품에 수은이 오염(汚染)되었을 경우 수세(水沈) 및 조리(調理)중 수은함량에 어떠한 변화가 일어나는가를 알아보기 위해 수은 오염이 우려되는 쌀, 콩나물, 물고기가 사용되었으며 수은의 검출은 무염화(無炎火) 원자흡광법에 의해 측정되었다. 수은을 인위적으로 1ppm수준으로 오염시킨 쌀을 3회 수세시 전체 수은량의 24%가, 4회 수세시 31%가 감소되었으나 취반(炊飯)에 의해서는 유의적인 함량변화를 보이지 않았다. 수은 80ppm으로 오염된 콩나물을 3회 수세한 경우 수은잔류량의 약 26%가 감소하였으나 가열조리에 의해서는 전체 수은량의 감소가 없었다. 콩나물의 가열조리시 수은은 고형물에서 국물로 용출(溶出)되었으며 용출량은 가열시간, 소금농도와 첨가하는 물의 양에 따라 23-41%의 범위에서 다르게 나타났다. 수은 1ppm으로 오염된 물고기의 가열조리시 전체 수은량의 감소는 없었으나 이때 수은은 고형물에서 국물로 용출되었으며 용출량은 조리용수(調理用水)의 소금농도에 의해 2-10%의 범위에서 달리 나타났다. 물고기를 조리후 비가식부(非可食部)를 버리는 경우 오염(汚染)된 수은의 32%가 제거되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

우리나라 중부지역에서 1998년 $3{\sim}5$월에 과수원 토양 164지점(경기 48, 강원 36, 충북 36, 충남 44지점)을 대상으로 표토($0{\sim}20\;cm$)와 심토($20{\sim}40\;cm$)로 나누어 채취하여 토양내 중금속함량과 분포특성, 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율 및 토양 이화학성과의 관계를 비교 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 과수원 토양중 0.1N-HCl 침출성 평균함량은 Cd 0.080, Cu 4.23, Fb 3.42 mg/ks 1N-HCl 침출성 As 평균함량은 0.44 mg/kg, 중금속 총함량은 Zn 78.9, Ni 16.09 및 Hg 0.052 mg/kg 이었다. 과수원 토양내 중금속 평균함량은 우리나라 토양환경보전법의 토양오염 우려기준(Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 mg/kg)과 비교하여 $1/2.5{\sim}1/76.9$ 수준으로 안전하였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 Cd $5.4{\sim}9.2$, Cu $27.9{\sim}47.8$, Pb $12.6{\sim}21.8$, Zn $15.8{\sim}20.3$, Ni $5.3{\sim}6.3$, Cr $0.7{\sim}3.6%$ 이었고, 특히 0.05 M-EDTA 침출성 Cu 및 Pb의 침출비율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 토양내 Cd, Pb 및 Ni의 총함량은 모래함량과 부의상관, 미사와 점토함량과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 점토함량과는 부의 상관을 보였으며, Zn과 Ni의 함량비율은 토양 pH값, 유기물 및 유효인산 함량과 정의 상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 과수원 토양의 중금속 함량은 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준보다 매우 낮아 안전하였으나 영농활동에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는 농도수준이 검출된 일부 토양에서 조사되었다. 따라서 최근의 친환경농업 측면으로 볼 때 영농형태별 중금속의 분포 및 농업자재에 의한 농경지내 중금속 부하량에 근거하여 중금속 오염유무를 평가할 수 있는 판단기준에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the characteristics of phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHA, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP) and heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in cosmetics and their containers. Phthalates and heavy metals may be endocrine distruptors. Sixty-five cosmetics were purchased from online and offline stores in Busan. This study developed a simultaneous method for the analysis of phthalates by GC-FID. The results showed that among the 65 cosmetics, DBP, DEHP, and DEP were detected at 20.0%, 7.7%, 1.5%, respectively. The amounts of DBP and DEHP detected in 18 samples were less than 100 μg/g, which satisfies the Regulations of Cosmetic Safety Standards in Korea. In order to detect phthalates in cosmetic containers, a dissolution test was conducted by extracting solutions, such as water, n-heptane, 20% ethanol, 50% ethanol and 4% acetic acid, which were prepared with different levels of pH, alcohol content, and fat content following the Korea Standards and Specifications for Utensils, Containers, and Packaging. The results showed that DMP, DBP, DEHA, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP were not detected, DEP was detected in plastics such as PE, PP, and others, when a 50% alcohol solvent was used. Phthalates may not be detected in cosmetic containers if they are not packaged with the above 20% alcohol constituent. We also analyzed the concentration of heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and Hg, by using ICP-OES and a mercury analyzer. The ranges of concentration were ND~2.71 μg/g for Pb, ND~0.31 μg/g for Cd, and ND~0.01 μg/g for Hg, which are below the regulated level.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2011

This study analyzed the concentration of the heavy metals(Cd, Hg, iAs) of urine(n=576) from May, 2007 to Oct 2007. The subject was residents in G, Y, H industrial area, Jeollanam-do, in which exposure due to the adjacency of the industrial complex. As to the heavy metal concentration in the urine of the residents in the whole exposed region and the comparing region, the content of cadmium, mercury, and inorganic arsenic in the exposed region group were 1.23, 1.85, and 8.80 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, and those of the comparing region group were 1.87, 2.00, and 8.93 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the concentration of the comparing group was higher than that of the exposed group. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased in proportion to age except those under 10 for some substances(p<0.01). As to geometric mean concentration cadmium and inorganic arsenic in urine according to the smoking history of the subject, the concentration of the smoking group and the non-smoking group were 1.65 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 9.13 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, while those of the non-smoking group were 1.47 ${\mu}g$/g_ct and 8.91 ${\mu}g$/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the former is higher than the latter. As to the inorganic arsenic concentration in urine according to the food preference, in order of vegetable, fish, and meat showed high concentration (p<0.01). To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in urine among the subjects, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it turned out that as to cadmium content in urine, gender, age, drinking, and smoking have influence on the subjects, with explanatory adequacy of 37.5 %.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2015

The permeability behavior of Ariake clays has been investigated by constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation tests with vertical or radial drainage. Three types of Ariake clays, namely undisturbed Ariake clay samples from the Saga plain, Japan (aged Ariake clay), clay deposit in shallow seabed of the Ariake Sea (young Ariake clay) and reconstituted Ariake clay samples using the soil sampled from the Saga plain, were tested. The test results indicate that the deduced permeability in the horizontal direction ($k_h$) is generally larger than that in the vertical direction ($k_v$). Under odometer condition, the permeability ratio ($k_h/k_v$) increases with the vertical strain. It is also found that the development of the permeability anisotropy is influenced by the inter-particle bonds and clay content of the sample. The aged Ariake clay has stronger initial inter-particle bonds than the young and reconstituted Ariake clays, resulting in slower increase of $k_h/k_v$ with the vertical strain. The young Ariake clay has higher clay content than the reconstituted Ariake clay, resulting in higher values of $k_h/k_v$. The microstructure of the samples before and after the consolidation test has been examined qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and semi-quantitatively by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests. The SEM images indicate that there are more cut edges of platy clay particles on a vertical plane (with respect to the deposition direction) and there are more faces of platy clay particles on a horizontal plane. This tendency increases with the increase of one-dimensional (1D) deformation. MIP test results show that using a sample with a larger vertical surface area has a larger cumulative intruded pore volume, i.e., mercury can be intruded into the sample more easily from the horizontal direction (vertical plane) under the same pressure. Therefore, the permeability anisotropy of Ariake clays is the result of the anisotropic microstructure of the clay samples.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Background: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) that is used as a food material has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently the demand for functional foods and drugs has increased. The present study was carried out to determined of contents of residual sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, ash, acid insoluble ash and curcuminoids in turmeric from the Seoul Yak-ryeong market. Methods and Results: A total of 31 samples were obtained. Residual sulfur dioxide was not detected in any samples. Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) were analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) and a mercury analyzer and were detected in the ranges of 0.00 - 0.28, 0.00 - 0.07, 0.00 - 0.29 and 0.002 - 0.027mg/g respectively. No significant difference were observed between the average heavy metal contents of domestic and imported tumeric. However, average content of ash in domestic samples (7.8%) were significantly higher than that in imported samples (6.1%), whereas that of curcuminoids was significantly higher in imported samples (47.6mg/g) than in domestic samples (11.2mg/g). The average content of acid insoluble ash was not significantly different between two sample types (0.9% in each). Conclusions: There are no specific standards for turmeric used as food materials. Therefore, this study can be provided as basic data for the establishment of quality standards for turmeric.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2020

The influence of subsequent curing on the performance of fly ash contained mortar under steam curing was studied. Mortar samples incorporated with different content (0%, 20%, 50% and 70%) of Class F fly ash under five typical subsequent curing conditions, including standard curing (ZS), water curing(ZW) under 25℃, oven-dry curing (ZD) under 60℃, frozen curing (ZF) under -10℃, and nature curing (ZN) exposed to outdoor environment were implemented. The unsteady chloride diffusion coefficient was measured by rapid chloride migration test (RCM) to analyze the influence of subsequent curing condition on the resistance to chloride penetration of fly ash contained mortar under steam curing. The compressive strength was measured to analyze the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the open porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were examined to investigate the pore characteristics and phase composition of mortar. The results indicate that the resistance to chloride ingress and compressive strength of steam-cured mortar decline with the increase of fly ash incorporated, regardless of the subsequent curing condition. Compared to ZS, ZD and ZF lead to poor resistance to chloride penetration, while ZW and ZN show better performance. Interestingly, under different fly ash contents, the declining order of compressive strength remains ZS>ZW>ZN>ZD>ZF. When the fly ash content is blow 50%, the open porosity grows with increase of fly ash, regardless of the curing conditions are diverse. However, if the replacement amount of fly ash exceeds a certain high proportion (70%), the value of open porosity tends to decrease. Moreover, the main phase composition of the mortar hydration products is similar under different curing conditions, but the declining order of the C-S-H gels and ettringite content is ZS>ZD>ZF. The addition of fly ash could increase the amount of harmless pores at early age.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2005

We have developed a new method of manufacturing salts by horizontal spray drying technique, using the concentrated deep ocean water after desalination processes. We studied the chemical characteristics of the spray-dried salts. Sodium content in the spray salts is $28.4\%$, which is $10-30\%$ lower than that of bay salts, bamboo salts and boiling salts $(32-38.2\%)$. However, the contents of magnesium, potassium and calcium of the spray salts are 2.5 times, 3 times and 4.5 times higher relative to those of bay salts, respectively. On the one hand, sulfur content in spray salts is 14 times lower than those of bay salts, which is caused by their volatilization during spray and vaporization of the concentrated seawater. Enrichment factors of Mg (0.8), K (0.9) and Ca (1.0) in the spray salts are relatively higher than those in bay salt (0.2-0.3), bamboo salt (0.15-0.4) and boiled salt (0.4-0.7), respectively. On the contrary, enrichment factor of sulfur in spray salts is observed to be 0.07, which is considerably lower than those in other salts (0.3-0.7). It means that the minerals like Mg, K and Ca can be well conserved from seawater to salts through spray drying techniques, while volatile elements like sulfur, lead, mercury and organic compounds can be easily removed from seawater via spray and heating processes.