• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 1998

In this paper, we discussed various securities of electronic signature. Merchants or sellers must address all Internet security concerns. Security technology may secure the routes of Internet communication, but it does not protect consumers from people with whom they might choose to do business. To Protect consumer information, they must maintain physical security of their servers and control access to software passwords and private keys. Techniqaues such as secret and public-key encryption and digital signatures play a crucial role in developing consumer confidence in electronic commerce.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.131-145
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• 2000

With the explosion of internet users, there are many enterprises and organizations that regard the internet as the great marketing superhighway. Although fascination and speculation surrounds the impact of the cyber shopping mall on consumer shopping behavior, there is little empirical evidence underlying all this speculation. This article reports on the critical issues that consumers found salient as they browsed through cyber shopping malls. We gathered consumers’reactions via open-ended survey. We relate the reactions to the factors of tangibility, assurance, responsibility, empathy, and reliability which we had identified from the existing literature on service quality. Two additional questionnaires were administered to translate these factors to the cyber shopping mall context and to explore their relative salience. We also evaluated SERVQUAL and SERVPERF as service quality measures for cyber shopping malls. The results show that SERVPERF seems more promising than SERVQUAL. The results also suggest that cyber shopping mall merchants need to think more about how they perform on the issues known to affect customers’decision making for purchasing. We offer advice for enhancing the design of cyber shopping mall.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1992

18c, statues of French Lacquer Furniture are worthy of close attention in aspects of its quantity , quality and asthetics in production. This kind of furniture have been developed, devising the its own original techniques, through it was influenced and begun with the imported from China. Therefore, the main currence of color with black tones had changed to French style, with somewhat repleting to chinese ornament. This characteristics is distinguished in furniture which is expressed as a min theme. It can say that it has the meaning of lacquer furniture as part of chinoiserie prevailing at the time that social consensus through the political supports for upbringing furniture industry, a close relationship of clients , merchants, and descorators with appreciative eyes, and the ceaseless persuit of the new had made resulted in concurrence of asthetics between the eastern world and the western world.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to promote the adoption of traditional liquor product contents in order to revitalize the market and to increase consumer awareness of traditional liquor. Research design, data, methodology - In this study, the 4P relationship model was evaluated that included the self-supporting business of traditional liquor, continuous business, diversification of the types of the liquor, and discovery of preliminary social enterprises for the distribution of the liquor. Results - The study suggested a 4P relationship model that consisted of traditional liquor as the product, traditional market as the place, promotion within traditional market, and payment of labor costs. In other words, selection of the traditional liquor product, place, rental supports, distribution and delivery strategies, operations, public relations and training, foundation of social enterprises, and discussion between departments. Conclusions - The central government, local governments, and merchants (the market association) should actively cooperate with each other to revitalize the market for traditional liquor. Social enterprises that rely on a non-profit business model are likely to revitalize the traditional liquor market.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.1 s.14
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• pp.9-30
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• 1998

In the Chosun Dynasty, the wooden building materials for constructing the official buildings within a capital city were supplied by way of water transport, and they were stored at Hangang riverbanks. After being firstly treated with primary processed-goods there by several craftmen groups, they were carried in the relevant site of construction by cart. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of those supply, the roles of merchants and craftmen in the process.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.7-31
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• 2004

This paper argues that (1) word-for-word literary translation is not possible; all it does is achieve what Chukovsky characterized as 'imprecise precision' (1984:47), (2) contra to Nida (1969) and others, translation does not just mean translating meaning, and (3) therefore, a translator must negotiate an uneasy but inevitable compromise between accuracy and elegance. To make the translated passage just as pleasing, moving, and cathartic as the original passage as much as possible, a great deal of literary skill is required on the part of the translator. The iniquity of translators is not so much infidelity as infertility to produce an offspring worthy of an heir to the original writer. Translators are not traitors; they are traders, or literary merchants, who trade one form of linguistic unit for another, often meaning for form, or sense for sound, but sometimes form for meaning. A translator then is not a man of treason but is a tradesman.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 2011

This paper introduces a new credit card payment scheme called No Number Credit Card that can significantly reduce the possibility of credit card fraud. The proposed payment system is loosely based on Kerberos, a cryptographic framework that has stood the test of time. In No Number Credit Card, instead of card numbers, only payment tokens are exchanged between the customers and merchants. The tokens are generated based on the payment amount, payment type, client information, and merchant information. However, it does not contain the credit card number, so the merchant or a database hacker cannot acquire and illegally use any credit card numbers. The No Number Credit Card system is ideal for online e-commerce transactions and can be used with any credit card that users possess. It can be used with minor modifications to the current card payment system. We provide the principles of its operation through scenario analysis, a sample implementation, and a security analysis

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

Recently introduced by the major credit card associations as replacements for the decommissioned SET and 3DSET protocols, the new payment models, 3DSecure and UCAF/SPA, have been designed to provide online merchants with a solution to an existing problem in online credit card transactions - the lack of an effective and efficient means of authenticating cardholders. The expected benefits arising from this added level of security from the merchant′s perspective are increased consumer confidence, significant reduction in the levels of fraud and charge backs and "liability shift". Using data gleaned from preliminary interviews, discussion forums and promotional material, we present a critical analysis of the potential barriers and facilitators that will impact on the widespread traction of these programs in the marketplace in the coming years.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1974

The authors observed the out-patients of Infirmary of the College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, by their age, sex, occupation and chief complaints. The results were as follows : 1. 51.60% of the out-patients were male and 48.40% female. 2. An absolute majority of the out-patients had their dwelling in the Special City of Seoul, their percentage being 92.78% 3. 47.54% of the the out-patients were the unemployed, 26.23% Students, 8.49% clerks and 6.03% merchants. 4. The out-patients who required for surgical treatment at the department of oral surgery were dominant in numbers their percentage being 31.86. 5. The age group of 21-25 which belongs to young adult group was dominant in number with its percent age of 21.82.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-256
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• 2016

This paper presents a case study of the Muslim diaspora through comparative analysis of Islamic tombstones from the Southeast Coast of China under Mongol rule. The locations of the nisbas in the Islamic tombstones are widely dispersed, covering Xinjiang, Transoxiana, Iran, Khorasan, Khwarazm, Armenia, Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. Unexpectedly, we did not find a single named location from India or Southeast Asia. It is well known that notable descendants of distinguished families traditionally produced officials, intellectuals, and wealthy merchants, and surrendered to the Mongols during the war against the Qara Khitai Khanate and the Khwarazm Empire. There were a great number of appointed officials with Muslim names in the Jianghuai (around Lower Yangtze) and Fujian regions. This is consistent with the concentration of epitaphs written in Arabic on the southeast coast of China. The frequent use of the specific tradition of the prophet Muhammad associating the death of the exile with martyrdom in Islamic tombstones in Quanzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou indicates that the Muslims in these port cities eventually established an interregional or diasporic identity of Muslim foreighners whoimmigrated into the region.