• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 1994

Five alloys were selected randomly in the composition range showing the best shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Si system reported by Murakami. The shape memory effects of those alloys were mainly investigated through the training treatment which consisted of the repetition of 2% tensile deformation at room temperature and subsequent annealing at $600^{\circ}C$ above $A_r$ temperature. At the same deformation degress in rolling $600^{\circ}C$-annealing for 1 hr. showed the best shape memory effect, and 10%-deformation degrees represented maxima of the shpae memory effects at all annealing temperatures, $500^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$. The shape memory effects of the alloys were increased by increasing training cycle up to 5 cycles. This was because a large number of dislocations introduced by training process gave rise to increase in the austenite yield stress, and acted as nucleation sites for stress induced ${\varepsilon}$ martensite. The thermal cycling treatment, repetition of cooling in nitrogen at $-196{\circ}C$ and heating to $300^{\circ}C$ for 5 min., did not improve the shape memory effect.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2008년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.1 (B)
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• pp.456-459
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• 2008

공정 기술의 발전에 따라 공정 변이 (process variation)에 따른 수율 (yield) 감소 문제가 대두하고 있으며, 공정 변이 대응 설계 기법 (process variation tolerant design technique)은 하드웨어 제작 시 반드시 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소가 되었다. 캐시 메모리 (cache memory)의 경우에도 공정 변이로 인한 수율 감소 문제에 대처할 수 있는 설계 방법의 개발이 절실하다. 본 논문에서는 캐시에 저장되는 데이터의 특성 분석을 통해 공정 변이에 대응할 수 있는 새로운 캐시 구조 설계에 대한 연구를 소개한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.638-641
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• 2010

With the growth of memory capacity and density, memory testing and repair with the goal of yield improvement have become more important. Therefore, the development of high efficiency redundancy analysis algorithms is essential to improve yield rate. In this letter, we propose an improved built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA) algorithm with a minimized binary search tree made by simple calculations. The tree is constructed until finding a solution from the most probable branch. This greatly reduces the search spaces for a solution. The proposed BIRA algorithm results in 100% repair efficiency and fast redundancy analysis.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2000

Electrical repair method which has replaced laser repair method can replace defective cell by redundancy’s in the redundancy scheme of conventional high density memory. This electrical repair circuit consists of the antifuse program/read/latch circuits, a clock generator a negative voltage generator a power-up pulse circuit a special address mux and etc. The measured program voltage of made antifuses was 7.2~7.5V and the resistance of programmed antifuses was below 500 Ω. The period of clock generator was about 30 ns. The output voltage of a negative voltage generator was about 4.3 V and the current capacity was maximum 825 $mutextrm{A}$. An antifuse was programmed using by the electric potential difference between supply-voltage (3.3 V) and output voltage generator. The output pulse width of a power-up pulse circuit was 30 ns ~ 1$mutextrm{s}$ with the variation of power-up time. The programmed antifuse resistance required below 44 ㏀ from the simulation of antifuse program/read/latch circuit. Therefore the electrical repair circuit behaved safely and the yield of high densitymemory will be increased by using the circuit.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.324-329
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• 1992

A physical phenomenon is observed through analysis of the Hodgkin-Huxley's model that is, according to Maxwell field equations a fired neuron can yield magnetic fields. The magnetic signals are an output of the neuron as some type of information, which may be supposed to be the conscious control information. Therefore, study on neural networks should take the field effect into consideration. Accordingly, a study on the behavior of a unit neuron in the field is made and a new neuron model is proposed. A mathematical Memory-Learning Relation has been derived from these new neuron equations, some concepts of memory and learning are introduced. Two learning theorems are put forward, and the control mechanisms of memory are also discussed. Finally, a theory, i.e. Neural Electromagnetic(NEM) field theory is advanced.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제30A권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1993

The estimation of yield for semiconductor devices requires not only establishment of critical area but also a new parameter of process defect density that contains inspection mean defect density related cleanness of manufacure process line, minimum feature size and the total number of mask process. We estimate the repaired yield of memory devide, leads the semiconductor technique, repaired by redundancy scheme in relation with defect density distribution function, and we confirm the repaired yield for different devices as this model. This shows the possibility of the yield estimation as statistical analysis for the condition of device related cleanness of manufacture process line, design and manufacture process.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.28.2-28.2
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• 2011

Resistance random access memory (ReRAM) is a promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memory because of its advantageous qualities such as simple structure, superior scalability, fast switching speed, low-power operation, and nondestructive readout. We investigated the resistive switching behavior of tantalum oxide that has been widely used in dynamic random access memories (DRAM) in the present semiconductor industry. As a result, it possesses full compatibility with the entrenched complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. According to previous studies, TiN is a good oxygen reservoir. The TiN top electrode possesses the specific properties to control and modulate oxygen ion reproductively, which results in excellent resistive switching characteristics. This study presents fully room temperature fabricated the TiN/$TaO_x$/Pt devices and their electrical properties for nonvolatile memory application. In addition, we investigated the TiN electrode dependence of the electrical properties in $TaO_x$ memory devices. The devices exhibited a low operation voltage of 0.6 V as well as good endurance up to $10^5$ cycles. Moreover, the benefits of high devise yield multilevel storage possibility make them promising in the next generation nonvolatile memory applications.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.339-341
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• 2009

Built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA) is widely used to enhance the yield of embedded memories. In this letter, a new BIRA method for both high repair efficiency and small hardware overhead is presented. The proposed method performs redundancy analysis operations using the spare mapping registers with a covered fault list. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to previous works.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration)와 WSI(Wafer Scale Integration)와 같은 통합기술로 인해 큰 용량의 메모리 대량생산이 가능 하게 된 지금 Redundancy는 메모리 칩의 제조와 결함이 있는 셀을 지닌 디바이스를 치료하는데 광범위하게 사용되어져왔다. 메모리칩의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 결함의 빈도 또한 증가한다. 많은 결함이 있다면 어쩔 수 없겠지만 적은 결함이 발생한 경우에는 해당 다이를 reject 시키는 것 보다는 수선해서 사용하는 것이 메모리생산 업체 입장에서는 보다 효율적이고 원가 절감 차원에서 필수적이다. 이와 같은 이유로 laser repair라는 공정이 필요하고 laser repair공정의 정확한 타깃을 설정하기 위해 redundancy analysis가 필요하게 되었다. CRA시뮬레이션은 기존의 redundancy analysis 알고리즘의 개념에서 벗어나 결함 유형별로 시뮬레이션한 후 RA를 진행함으로써 RA에 소요되는 시간을 절약함으로써 원가 경쟁력 강화를 할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of paper is studying the static and dynamic side for long-term memory storage properties, and increase the explanatory power regarding the long-term memory process by looking at the long-term storage attributes, Korea Composite Stock Price Index. The reason for the use of GPH statistic is to derive the modified statistic Korea's stock market, and to research a process of long-term memory. Research design, data, and methodology - Level shifts were subjected to be an empirical analysis by applying the GPH method. It has been modified by taking into account the daily log return of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index a. The Data, used for the stock market to analyze whether deciding the action by the long-term memory process, yield daily stock price index of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index and the rate of return a log. The studies were proceeded with long-term memory and long-term semiparametric method in deriving the long-term memory estimators. Chapter 2 examines the leading research, and Chapter 3 describes the long-term memory processes and estimation methods. GPH statistics induced modifications of statistics and discussed Whittle statistic. Chapter 4 used Korea Composite Stock Price Index to estimate the long-term memory process parameters. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and implications. Results - If the price of the time series is generated by the abnormal process, it may be located in long-term memory by a time series. However, test results by price fixed GPH method is not followed by long-term memory process or fractional differential process. In the case of the time-series level shift, the present test method for a long-term memory processes has a considerable amount of bias, and there exists a structural change in the stock distribution market. This structural change has implications in level shift. Stratum level shift assays are not considered as shifted strata. They exist distinctly in the stock secondary market as bias, and are presented in the test statistic of non-long-term memory process. It also generates an error as a long-term memory that could lead to false results. Conclusions - Changes in long-term memory characteristics associated with level shift present the following two suggestions. One, if any impact outside is flowed for a long period of time, we can know that the long-term memory processes have characteristic of the average return gradually. When the investor makes an investment, the same reasoning applies to him in the light of the characteristics of the long-term memory. It is suggested that when investors make decisions on investment, it is necessary to consider the characters of the long-term storage in reference with causing investors to increase the uncertainty and potential. The other one is the thing which must be considered variously according to time-series. The research for price-earnings ratio and investment risk should be composed of the long-term memory characters, and it would have more predictability.