• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.117-125
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• 2001

Envenoming by Russells viper causes a broad spectrum of renal impairment. Renal failure is an important complication in patients bitten by Russells viper. Experimental work in animals and in vitro has elucidated pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to life threatening complications and have suggested possibilities for therapeutic intervention. The evidence in experimental animals regarding mechanisms of venom action in relation to changes in either extrarenal or intrarenal factors is presented. The cardiovascular system and renal hemodynamics are affected by venom. Reductions of renal function including renal hemodynamics are associated directly with changes in general circulation during envenomation. Possible endogenous mechanisms for releasing the hormone inducing renal vasoconstriction after envenomation are evident. Hormonal factor such as the catecholamine, prostaglandin and renin angiotensin systems induce these changes. Direct nephrotoxicity of venom action is studied in the isolated per-fused kidney. Characteristic polarization of the cell membrane, changes of mitochondrial activity and Na-K ATPase in renal tubular cells are observed. Changes in renal function and the cardiovascular system are observed of ter envenomation and are reversed by the administration of Russells viper antivenom (purified equine immunoglobulin, $Fab_2$ fragment). The neutralizing effects are more efficient when the intravenous injection of antivenom is given within 30 min after the envenomation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the effect of upper extremity training such as functional reaching on improved trunk control and ADL performance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods: We randomly selected 11 stroke patients in the hospital, who had a problem with the upper extremity, trunk and ADL performance. The patients were divided into the conservative training group and the functional reaching training group. We applied general occupational therapy only in the conservative training group whereas we applied upper extremity training with a focus on functional reaching in the functional reaching training group. To compare the two groups we used several assessment tools such as Modified Barthel Index (MBI), total Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. Results: The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the functional reaching training group, there was a statistically significant difference in the total TIS score, dynamic TIS score, and MBI. (2) We compared the results obtained before training with the changes in the results obtained after training and found that there was a relation between the assessment outcomes. Especially, static TIS score showed a relation in both groups. Conclusion: Functional reaching training influenced both the trunk control and ADL performance. Especially, the functional reaching training group demonstrated better static trunk control ability than the conservative treatment group.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-43
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: The SoUth Korea study to PrEvent cognitive impaiRment and protect BRAIN health through lifestyle intervention (SUPERBRAIN) proved the feasibility of multidomain intervention for elderly people. One-quarter of the Korean population over 65 years of age has mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Digital health interventions may be cost-effective and have fewer spatial constraints. We aim to examine the efficacy of a multidomain intervention through both face-to-face interactions and video communication platforms using a tablet personal computer (PC) application in MCI. Methods: Three hundred participants aged 60-85 years, with MCI and at least one modifiable dementia risk factor, will be recruited from 17 centers and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the multidomain intervention and the waiting-list control groups. Participants will receive the 24-week intervention through the tablet PC SUPERBRAIN application, which encompasses the following five elements: managing metabolic and vascular risk factors, cognitive training, physical exercise, nutritional guidance, and boosting motivation. Participants will attend the interventions at a facility every 1-2 weeks. They will also engage in one or two self-administered cognitive training sessions utilizing the tablet PC application at home each week. They will participate in twice or thrice weekly online exercise sessions at home via the ZOOM platform. The primary outcome will be the change in the total scale index score of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status from baseline to study end. Conclusions: This study will inform the effectiveness of a comprehensive multidomain intervention utilizing digital technologies in MCI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6171-6176
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• 2014

Background: In order to design effective educational intervention for cancer survivors, it is necessary to identify most-trusted sources for health-related information and the amount of attention paid to each source. Objective: The objective of our study was to explore the sources of health information used by cancer survivors according to their access to the internet and levels of trust in and attention to those information sources. Materials and Methods: We analyzed sources of health information among cancer survivors using selected questions adapted from the 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Results: Of 357 participants, 239 (67%) had internet access (online survivors) while 118 (33%) did not (offline survivors). Online survivors were younger (p<0.001), more educated (p<0.001), more non-Hispanic whites (p<0.001), had higher income (p<0.001), had more populated households (p<0.001) and better quality of life (p<0.001) compared to offline survivors. Prevalence of some disabilities was higher among offline survivors including serious difficulties with walking or climbing stairs (p<0.001), being blind or having severe visual impairment (p=0.001), problems with making decisions (p<0.001), doing errands alone (p=0.001) and dressing or bathing (p=0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic status, cancer survivors who were non-Hispanic whites (OR= 3.49, p<0.01), younger (OR=4.10, p<0.01), more educated (OR= 2.29, p=0.02), with greater income (OR=4.43, p<0.01), and with very good to excellent quality of life (OR=2.60, p=0.01) had higher probability of having access to the internet, while those living in Midwest were less likely to have access (OR= 0.177, p<0.01). Doctors (95.5%) were the most and radio (27.8%) was the least trusted health related information source among all cancer survivors. Online survivors trusted internet much more compared to those without access (p<0.001) while offline cancer survivors trusted health-related information from religious groups and radio more than those with internet access (p<0.001 and p=0.008). Cancer survivors paid the most attention to health information on newsletters (63.8%) and internet (60.2%) and the least to radio (19.6%). More online survivors paid attention to internet than those without access (68.5% vs 39.1%, p<0.001) while more offline survivors paid attention to radio compared to those with access (26.8% vs 16.5%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of improving the access and empowering the different sources of information. Considering that the internet and web technologies are continuing to develop, more attention should be paid to improve access to the internet, provide guidance and maintain the quality of accredited health information websites. Those without internet access should continue to receive health-related information via their most trusted sources.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: The efficacy and safety of GV1001 have been demonstrated in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of GV1001 using subscales of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), which is a validated measure to assess cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of data from a 6 month, multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with GV1001 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03184467). Patients were randomized to receive either GV1001 or a placebo for 24 weeks. In the current study, nine subscales of SIB-social interaction, memory, orientation, language, attention, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, and orientation to name-were compared between the treatment (GV1001 1.12 mg) and placebo groups at weeks 12 and 24. The safety endpoints for these patients were also determined based on adverse events. Results: In addition to the considerable beneficial effect of GV1001 on the SIB total score, GV1001 1.12 mg showed the most significant effect on language function at 24 weeks compared to placebo in both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) (p=0.017 and p=0.011, respectively). The rate of adverse events did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Patients with moderate-to-severe AD receiving GV1001 had greater language benefits than those receiving placebo, as measured using the SIB language subscale.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the effect of somatosensory stimulation on the upper limb sensory and function and self-esteem of stroke patients. Methods : This study period was march 4 to april 4 (5 weeks). The subject were 20 stroke patients with somatosensory impairment in B hospital, seongnam, gyeonggi province. They were devided into two group-experimental and control-with 10 members each. The members of the experimental group underwent somatosensory stimulation, whereas the members of the control group underwent an occupation-based intervention for 5 weeks. Thirty-minute therapy was provided 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated via light touch, static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and self-esteem scale Results : In this study, light touch was not significant in both groups. Static two-point discrimination was significant among the experimental group member's index fingers. Among the control group members, it was significant in the ring finger. The comparison between the two groups was significant in the index finger. The stereognosis results were significant in the experimental group but not in the control group. The comparison between the groups after the intervention was not significant. FMA was significant in the shoulder/ elbow/ forearm (SEF), hand and coordination among the experimental group. Among the control group, it was significant in the SEF and hand. The comparison between the groups was significant in the SEF, hand and coordination. The self-esteem scale results were significant among both groups, and the comparison between the group's score was likewise significant. Conclusion : In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation therapy increases the static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, upper extremity function, and self-esteem of patients with stroke. Therefore, while somatosensory stimulation therapy is not the best therapy, it is one of the best occupational therapies for stroke patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10871-10874
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• 2015

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a malignant disease which occurs in women of reproductive age. Treatment of GTN has an excellent outcome and further pregnancies can be expected. However, data concerning quality of life in these cancer survivor patients are limited. This study aimed to assess quality of life in women who were diagnosed with GTN and remission after treatment, and to determine factors that may affect quality of life status. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from July 2013 to May 2014 in the Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Patients who were diagnosed GTN and complete remission were recruited. Data collection was accomplished by interview with two sets of questionnaires, one general covering demographic data and the other focusing on quality of life, the fourth version of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G). Descriptive statistics were used to determine general data and quality of life scores. Students t-test and one way ANOVA were used to compare between categorical and continuous data. Results: Forty four patients were enrolled in this study. The overall mean quality of life score (FACT-G) was 98.2. The overall FACT-G score was not significantly correlated with age, education level, stage of disease, treatment modalities, and time interval from remission to enrollment. However, patients who needed further fertility showed significant lower FACT-G scores in the emotional well-being domain (p=0.02). Conclusions: Overall quality of life scores in post-treatment gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients are in the mild impairment range. Patients who desire fertility suffer lower quality of life in the emotional well-being domain.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare with different distance across three conditions in stroke survivors with the grading of cognitive state. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve stroke patients who agreed to active participation were included. Participants were allotted to normal cognitive (CN) group (n=7) and cognitive impairment (CI) group (n=5) and then walked on a self-paced walkway at three conditions on the Time Up and Go (TUG) test and the 6 minute walk test (6MWT): 1) walking with your comfortable speed, 2) walking while carrying a tray with glasses, 3) walking with a verbal cognitive task. The TUG test was repeated three successful times on each condition. For the 6MWT, participants were tested one time. Results: The CI group walked slower than the CN group at the three conditions on the TUG test. However, there was no significant difference between two groups to each condition. A significant effect of dual tasking was found only in error of verbal cognitive task condition for the TUG test (p<0.05). On the 6MWT, the participants in the CI group walked short distance rather than the CN group (p<0.05). There were significant differences between two groups not only at all conditions but also at error of verbal cognitive task condition as well (p<0.05). Conclusions: To consider the results of different distances such as the TUG test and the 6MWT, we think that exercises in long distance would be more effective to patients with CI. Those would be improved patient's endurance in cognitive problem.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2012

목적 : 외상성 뇌손상 환자의 지역사회 재활치료의 중재방법 및 중재효과를 알아보기 위하여 체계적 고찰을 하였다. 연구방법 : 자료는 데이터베이스인 Ovid와 PubMed를 통해 검색하였다. 사용된 검색어는 "community-based rehabilitation"와 "traumatic brain injury rehabilitation"이었다. 그 중 외상성 뇌손상 환자를 대상으로 지역사회 재활치료를 실시한 7편의 연구결과를 가지고 대상자, 평가도구, 중재방법과 중재결과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구 대상자의 수, 연령, 손상정도, 손상기간은 다양하였다. 연구 설계는 모두 실험연구의 형태로, 평가도구는 작업수행을 평가하는 영역이 5개(27.7%)로 가장 많았다. 중재방법은 작업치료사가 참여하는 전반적 재활프로그램, 인지치료, 인지행동치료, 가정방문 작업치료를 시행하였다. 중재효과는 결과측정 방법에 따라 작업수행, 참여, 예방, 그리고 작업 정의 영역에서 효과적이었고 적응, 건강과 안녕 영역에서 부분적으로 효과를 보였으며, 역할능력에서는 효과가 없었다. 결론 : 지역사회를 기초로 한 재활치료는 작업수행, 참여, 예방, 작업 정의에서 효과적이었으나 역할능력에서는 효과적이지 않았다. 앞으로 지역사회 재활에서 각 영역별 중재 프로그램 및 평가도구에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objectives : Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors are core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency of motor stereotypes in ASD children and their clinical features. Methods : Among 171 ASD children (age range, 3-15), the ASD group with motor stereotypes was defined according to two items in the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R). We compared the clinical features, behavior problems and severity of other domains in the K-ADI-R and executive functions between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Results : Ninety (52.6%) of 171 ASD children had motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had a lower intelligence quotient score (62.23 vs. 84.94, p<.001) compared to the ASD group without motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had more impairments in the social interaction domain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.11, p=.001] and communication domain (AOR 1.15, p=.008). Thought problems and lethargy were more frequent in the ASD group with motor stereotypes than the ASD group without motor stereotypes (AOR 2.059, p=.034 ; adjusted OR 1.045, p=.046). However, no significant differences in executive function were observed between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Conclusion : The ASD group with motor stereotypes showed more impairment in social interaction and communication domains, which are core symptoms of autism. Motor stereotypes may indicate greater severity of ASD.