• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.225-235
• /
• 1986

가토 근위세뇨관에서 Percoll gradient에 의해 분리한 기저막소포(basolateral membrane vesicle)에서 PAH 이동에 미치는 여러 음이온들의 영향을 rapid filtration technique을 이용하여 관찰하였다. NA-dependent PAH 축적은 용액내 $SO_4$와 $SSO_3$에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었으나 $Cl,\;SCN,\;HPO_4,\;acetate$ 및 oxalate에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 용액내의 $SO_4$는 상경적으로 PHA 이동을 억제하였다. 소포내 음이온을 부하시킨 후 PAH 이동을 측정했을 때 $acetate,\;SO_4$ 및 PAH의 부하에 의해 PAH 이동은 유의하게 증가되었으며, 소포내 부하되는 $SO_4$농도가 증가함에 따라 PAH 축적은 증가되었다. $SO_4$에 의한 PAH의 trans-stimulation은 Na 농도 경사 존재시 더욱 증가되었으며 이들은 2 mM probenecid 및 1mM SITS에 의해 억제되었다. 이들 결과들은 신피질세뇨관 세포의 기저막에 PAH/음이온 교환에 의해 PAH가 이동되는 기전이 존재한다는 것을 가르킨다. 그러나 PAH 이동에 영향이 없는 음이온들은 PAH/음이온 교환에 기질로써 작용하지 않기 때문인지 아니면 이들 음이온들의 높은 투과성에 인해 나타난 결과인지는 더욱 추구해 보아야 확인될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.174-182
• /
• 1992

The hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein (HE) gene of bovine coronavirus, coupled with a simian virus 40 early promoter and polyadenylation signal, was inserted into a human adenovirus transfer vector. The transfer vector was used to co-transfect 293 cells along with adenovirus genomic DNA. The hemagglutinin-esterase transcription unit was rescued into the adenovirus genome by homologous in vivo DNA recombination between the vector plasmid DNA and the adenovirus genomic DNA, and a recombinant adenovirus was isolated by several rounds of plaque assays. Thus the recombinant adenovirus carries the hemagglutinin-esterase gene in the early transcription region 3 (E3) of the adenovirus genome in the parallel orientation to the E3 transcription. The recombinant adenovirus synthesized the HE polypeptide in HeLa cells as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with anti-coronavirus rabbit antisera. The recombinant HE polypeptide could be labelled by $[^3H]$glucosamine, demonstrating that the recombinant HE was glycosylated. Cells expressing the HE polypeptide exhibited hemadsorption activity when incubated with mouse erythrocytes. The HE was transported to the plasma membrane as shown by the cell surface immunofluorescence, indicating that the recombinant HE polypeptide retained its biological activities. Potential for the use of infectious recombinant adenovirus as a live virus-vectored vaccine candidate for bovine coronavirus disease is discussed.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2015

지난 수십 년 동안, 고분자막은 기체 분리 분야에서 큰 역할을 해왔다. 온실가스의 주범인 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위해서는 더 높은 투과선택도와 장수명 및 대면적 등을 요구한다. 하지만 기존 고분자 분리막들은 투과도와 선택도의 역상관 관계 특징을 지니고 있으며, 무기물질은 투과성능이 우수하지만 가격이 비싸다는 단점이 있다. 최근 많은 연구가 진행되어온 혼합 매질 분리막은 고분자와 무기물질의 이점들을 혼합하여 기체 분리막의 차세대로서 큰 이목을 이끌고 있다. 혼합 매질 분리막은 대칭적인 구조 또는 비대칭적인 구조를 가지고 있으며, 투과량을 증가시키기 위해서는 비대칭적인 구조가 바람직하다. 혼합 매질 분리막에서 가장 중요한 변수로는 무기입자의 균일한 분산과 무기물과 고분자 사이의 좋은 계면을 형성하는 것이다. 최근에 새로운 분류의 다공성 결정성 물질인 금속 유기 구조체(MOF)는 이산화탄소 분리용 소재로써 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. MOF의 한 종류 중, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)는 가장 흔하게 사용되는 무기입자이며 이는 입자의 크기를 작게 만들 수 있으며, $CO_2$를 분리하기에 적절한 기공의 크기를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이 밖에 혼합 매질 분리막에 사용되는 특정 물질들을 적용하기 위해서는 선택도와 크기, 호환성, 안정성 등을 동시에 최적화시켜야 한다. 이와 같이 본 총설에서는, 혼합 매질 분리막에 관련된 주요 연구내용과 이러한 연구를 수행하는 대표적인 전략들을 소개하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 1986

The effects of ginseng saponins on the sarcolemmal $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase were compared to gypsophila saponin, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 to elucidate whether the effects are due to the membrane distruption, using a highly enriched preparation of cardiac sarcolemma prepared from dog ventricular myocardium. About 26% and 29% of vesicles in the preparation, enriched in ouabain-sensitive $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATP ase, $\beta$-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors are rightside-out and inside-out orientation, respectively. Ginseng saponins (triol>total> diol) inhibited $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATP ase activity, $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase activity and [$^{3}$H]ouabain binding of sarcolemmal vesicles. However, gypsophila saponin, SDS (0.4$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) and Triton X-100 (0.6 $\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) caused about 1.35 and 1.40-fold increase in $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase activity and [$^{3}$H] oubain binding, respectively. Especially, the activating effect of gypsophila saponin on membrane Na+, K+ ATPase was detected at gypsophila saponin to sarcolemmal protein ratios as high as 100. Low dose of ginseng saponin (3$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) decreased the phosphorylation sites and the concentration of ouabain binding sites (Bmax) without affecting the turnover number and affinity for ouabain binding, while gypsophila saponin, SDS(0.4 ug/ug protein), ahd Triton X-100 (0.6$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) increased the Bmax. The results suggest that ginseng saponins cause a decrease in the number of active sites by interacting directly with $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase before disruption of membrane barriers of sarcolemmal vesicles.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, location, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa in formalin embalmed cadavers. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 210 cadaveric heads available in our department. After taking the mid-sagittal section the specimens were opened from the medial aspect and the sinus sinus septa, their anatomical plane, location and dimensions. Results: The mean linear distance between maxillary sinus floor and its anatomical ostium was $26.76{\pm}5.21mm$ and $26.91{\pm}4.96mm$ on right and left side, respectively. A total of 59 maxillary sinus septa (28.1%) were observed in 210 maxillary specimens. Septae were most common, 33 septa (55.9%), in the middle region (between first and second molar tooth) of the sinus cavity. The maxillary sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) adhered tightly to the maxillary sinus and over the septae. Significantly more maxillary sinus septa were observed in edentulous maxillae in comparison to the dentate upper jaw. Conclusion: Knowledge of location of maxillary sinus ostium is mandatory for the rhinologist for drainage of secretions in maxillary sinusitis. The morphological details of maxillary sinus septa, particularly their location and anatomical planes, will guide dentists in performance of safe implant surgeries. The maxillary antrum septa of category I and II may complicate the procedure of inversion of bone plate and elevation of sinus membrane during maxillary augmentation surgeries. The category III septa observed in the sagittal plane were embedded by one of the branches of the infraorbital nerve in it, and if accidentally cut will lead to infraorbital nerve palsy in maxillary sinus surgeries.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.379-381
• /
• 2002

The major electron transfer cofactors in photosystem II have been studied by pulsed EPR, pulsed electron electron double resonance (PELDOR) and laser excited spin polarized electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) methods, in non-oriented and oriented photosystem II membranes. Distances between radical pairs were determined trom the observed dipole interaction constants to be 27.3 A for P680-QA, 30 A, etc. with the error within 1 A. Angles between the distance vector and membrane normal was determined by orientation dependence of oriented membranes with the accuracy of 5˚ The results were compared with the recent structural data by X-ray analysis.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
• /
• pp.369-372
• /
• 2004

Orientation of E7 liquid crystals(LCs) confined to 200 nm-diameter cylindrical cavities of Anodisc membranes are investigated by FTIR dichroism techniques. The cavity walls of the confining pores are chemically modified with different perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PCA, $C_nF_{2n+1}$COOH, n=3, 4, 5, 6). From the FTIR spectra of PCA treated alumina Anodsic membranes, we found the salt formation between -COOH group of PCA and Anodisc membrane. From the FTIR spectra of LC filled Anodisc membranes, we found abrupt alignment direction change of LC molecules between n=4 and 5 for 1 mM PCA treated Anodisc membranes, from parallel to perpendicular direction to the cavity walls. But 5mM PCA treated Anodisc membranes, alignment direction of LC molecules changed between n=3 and n=4, from parallel to perpendicular direction.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1493-1494
• /
• 2011

CdS nanostructure materials have been fabricated in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by using chemical bath deposition (CBD). These nanostructure materials had uniform diameters of about 15e200 nm, which correspond to the pore sizes of the templates used, and the length was up to 40 mm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation demonstrates that CdS nanostructure materials were hexagonal polycrystalline in nature. As the pore diameter of AAO templates was enlarged, the preferential orientation of c-axis was improved. From PL analysis, the sulfur-deficient defects at the surfaces of CdS nanostructure materials were increasedwhen the samplewas synthesized in the template with larger pore diameter.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.475-477
• /
• 2003

Orientation of E7 liquid crystals (LCs) confined to 200 nm-diameter cylindrical cavities of Anodisc membranes are investigated by FTIR dichroism techniques. The cavity walls of the confining pores are chemically modified with different aliphatic acids ($C_nH_{2n+1}COOH$, n=5, 6, 7, 9). From the FTIR spectra of aliphatic acid treated alumina Anodsic membranes, we found the salt formation between -COOH group of aliphatic acid and Anodisc membrane. From the FTIR spectra of LC filled Anodisc membranes, we found abrupt alignment direction change of LC molecules between n=6 and 7 for 2% aliphatic acid treated Anodisc membranes, from parallel to perpendicular direction to the cavity walls. But 4% aliphatic acid treated Anodisc membranes, alignment direction of LC molecules changed between n=5 and n=6, from parallel to perpendicular direction. The same trend was observed for $^2H-NMR$ measurements.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2012

In this paper, the thermal buckling analysis of rectangular composite laminated plates is investigated using the Differential Quadrature (DQ) method. The composite plate is subjected to a uniform temperature distribution and arbitrary boundary conditions. The analysis takes place in two stages. First, pre-buckling forces due to a temperature rise are determined by using a membrane solution. In the second stage, the critical temperature is predicted based on the first-order shear deformation theory. To verify the accuracy of the method, several case studies were used and the numerical results were compared with those of other published literatures. Moreover, the effects of several parameters such as aspect ratio, fiber orientation, modulus ratio, and various boundary conditions on the critical temperature were examined. The results confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the DQ method in dealing with this class of engineering problems.