• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

This study examined the motility of either the unattached(upper) or attached(lower) Hanwoo sperm to bovine oviduct epithelial cell(BOEC) monolayers to determine whether there are any changes in their motility during co-culture. The cleavage and blastocyst development rate were compared among different preincubation methods in-vitro, after oocytes were fertilized in-vitro with Hanwoo sperm on BOEC monolayers. The motility of frozen-thawed sperm in BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than controls, especially at 5 hours and 6 hours (p<0.05) of incubation, in sperm treatment medium without heparin and caffeine. The motility of frozen-thawed sperm in BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than controls, especially at 3 hours (p<0.05) and 6 hours (p<0.01), in sperm treatment medium containing heparin and caffeine. The motility of the attached( lower) sperm was significantly higher than the unattached(upper) sperm during co-culture with BOEC at all times(p<0.01 or p<0.05), except for 6 hours. After Hanwoo oocytes were fertilized in-vitro with the sperm that had been co-cultured with BOEC in sperm treatment medium containing heparin and caffeine, we determined the cleavage and blastocyst development rate, according to the preincubation methods. Both the cleavage and blastocyst development rate from 2 hour preincubation group were the highest, but significant difference was not recognized. These results show that BOEC plays an important role on sperm hyperactivation related to capacitation regardless of heparin and caffeine in sperm treatment medium. However, oviduct epithelial cell had no significant effect on the development of embryos after in-vitro fertilization in the presence of added heparin and caffeine in sperm treatment medium.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.31.1-31.13
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• 2022

Background: Compared to medium containing 108 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), in vitro maturation (IVM) using a simple medium with reduced (61.6 mM) NaCl increases the cytoplasmic maturation and embryonic development of pig oocytes. Objectives: This study determines the effect of a complex medium containing reduced NaCl on the IVM and embryonic development of pig oocytes. Methods: Pig oocytes were matured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-alpha modification (αMEM) supplemented with 61.6 (61αMEM) or 108 (108αMEM) mM NaCl, and containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (αMEMP) or pig follicular fluid (PFF) (αMEMF). Medium-199 (M199) served as the control for conventional IVM. Cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation, intra-oocyte glutathione (GSH) contents, size of perivitelline space (PVS), and embryonic development after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) were evaluated after IVM. Results: Regardless of PVA or PFF supplementation, oocytes matured in 61αMEM showed increased intra-oocyte GSH contents and width of PVS (p < 0.05), as well as increased blastocyst formation (p < 0.05) after PA and SCNT, as compared to oocytes matured in 108αMEMP and M199. Under conditions of PFF-enriched αMEM, SCNT oocytes matured in 61αMEMF showed higher blastocyst formation (p < 0.05), compared to maturation in 108αMEMF and M199, whereas PA cultured oocytes showed no significant difference. Conclusions: IVM in αMEM supplemented with reduced NaCl (61.6 mM) enhances the embryonic developmental competence subsequent to PA and SCNT, which attributes toward improved oocyte maturation.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2004

The industrial environment for shipbuilding in 21st century requires increase in few type of ships and marine structures, international cooperation and globalization, while virtual enterprise environment is rapidly establishing. On the other hand, more and more efforts will be spent on internet based distributed and collaborative environment rather than being spent on unit level automations such as CAD, CAM and CAE, and the link between them. Recent internet technology and information technology in heterogeneous environment are being applied in shipbuilding industry as well as in other industries. While these technology are rapidly adopted in major shipyards, many small and medium-sized shipyards does not have enough resources to introduce system designed for large enterprise. In this paper, a prototype of Internet technology based basic planning system is implemented for the small and medium sized shipyards based on the internet technology and concurrent engineering concept. First, the system is designed from the user requirements. Then standardized development environment and tools are selected. These tools are used for defining and evaluating core application technologies for the system development. This can guarantee the survival of small and medium-sized shipyards in 21st century industrial environment.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 1993

Bovine embryos at 2-to 8-cell produced by in vitro matured/in vitro fertilized(IVM/IVF) were cultured in TCM 199 or Synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF) with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) or cocultured with cumulus or bovine oviduct epithelial cell(BOEC) in TCM-199 or SOF medium. In experiment 1, the proportions of embryos developed to morula and blastocysts stages in TCM 199 medium were higher when they were co-cultured with cumulus cell(29%) or BOEC(33%) than that of TCM 199 with 10% FBS(12%, P<0.01). In experiment 2, embryos deived from IVM/IVF were cultured in SOF with 10% FBS or cocultured with cumulus cell or BOEC in same medium. The higher development rates of IVM/IVF embryos developed beyond morula stages were obtained in cumulus cell co-culture group(39%) than those of BOEC group(26%) and SOF with 10% FBS group(17%, P<0.01). The present results indicated that the early development of IVM/IVF embryos can be maintained efficienty in SOF with cumulus cell co-culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

Comparative studies on medium supply in bioreactors (raft, immersion and ebb and flood) have revealed that multiplication and growth of Alocasia Amazonica were greatest in the raft system, while lowest in ebb and flood system. In the raft system, the basal part of the shoots was continuously in contact with medium, which enabled a constant uptake of nutrients as well as aeration to the explants. The number and the size of leaf stomata were higher in the raft system compared with immersion and ebb&flood system. In the immersion system, plantlets were deformed and epidermal cells in leaves were irregular with a large intercellular space. The results suggested that the medium supply should be controlled properly to maintain normal and healthy plantlets during liquid cultures in bioreactors Which affects morphology and physiology Of the plantlets.

• 국토계획
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.5-23
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• 2019

The central government has implemented policies to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium sized cities for balanced development at the national scale. However, since it is often difficult to enhance the competitiveness through partial projects of each jurisdiction, many local governments collaborate at the regional scale. This suggests that a regional approach is important for the management of small and medium sized cities. On the one hand, the concept of network city suggests that various functional networks can affect the growth of small and medium sized cities. Given this background, the purposes of this study are to delineate regional boundaries at national scale and identify their relations of growth by using functional network and Moran's I index. The study uses the Markov-chain model and cluster analysis to delineate the regions, and Moran's I is employed to identify the relations of growth. The results show that interactions between jurisdictions through networks could be crucial factors for growth of small and medium sized cities, while the networks based on passenger travel and freight movement have different implications. The results suggest that policy makers should not only consider local level investments, but also take the characteristics of networks between cities into account for achieving balanced development and developing regeneration policies.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to compare the two culture systems 1) co-culture with cumulus cells and 2) chemically defined medium supplemented with amino acids (CR1aa) and fetal calf serum (FCS) of in vitro produced bovine embryos from follicular oocytes in vitro. Bovine follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries of slaughtered cows and matured in TCM199 supplemented with 10% FCS and hormones (1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH-P and 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml oestradiol-17$\beta$)24 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air. The capacitation of spermatozoa from ejaculated or frozen bull semen was induced by centrifugation through Percoll density gradient (45%, 90%). Then capacitated spermatozoa (1$\times$106/ml) were inseminated into 50${mu}ell$ droplet containing matured follicular oocytes and incubated for 40~42 hours. Cleaved embryos of 2~4cell stage were transferred to the co-culture with cumulus cells and/or CR1aa medium supplemented with FCS. In semen source, the developmental rates to the blastocyst and the hatched blastocyst stages were higher in ejaculated semen(27.6% and 14.9%) than those of frozen-thawed semen(18.3% and 11.8%), respectively. In two culture systems, the proportions of embryonic development upto the blastocysts and the hatched blastocysts were higher of CR1aa medium (22.1% and 12.1%) than those of cumulus cell co-culture (16.8% and 5.1%), respectively. The number of cells in exapnded blastocysts was slightly higher in cumulus cells co-culture (122.6$\pm$8.5) than that in CR1aa medium (117.9$\pm$5.9). The present results indicated that the early development of in vitro produced bovine embryos can be maintained efficiently in CR1aa medium as well as in co-culture with cumulus cells.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2017

본 연구는 교육훈련프로그램의 적절성과 학습조직, 그리고 인구통계요인(직종, 직급, 근무연한)이 중소기업 종업원의 교육효과와 지속적 교육 참여의도에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 경험적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 주요결과에 따르면 교육훈련프로그램의 적절성은 교육효과와 지속적 교육 참여의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업의 학습조직 특성이 강할수록 이것이 교육효과와 지속적 교육참여의도에 긍정적 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 중소기업 종업원의 인구통계 요인으로서 종업원의 직급과 직종, 근무연한에 따라 교육효과와 지속적 교육참여의도의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중소기업이 교육을 실시하고자 할 때 교육에 대하여 교육훈련의 적절성을 높이도록 설계하여 종업원들이 사전에 교육의 목적을 이해하도록 함과 동시에 기업의 학습조직을 활성화하는 노력이 중소기업의 교육훈련의 효과와 지속적 교육참여의도를 높일 수 있음을 본 연구결과는 시사하고 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2022

Hymenodictyon orixensis (Roxb.) Mabberley (locally known as Bhutum in Bangladesh) is both an ecologically and economically valuable multipurpose tree species for afforestation and reforestation programs in Bangladesh. Seed germination and seedling development study of H. orixense were conducted to find out the response to different growing medium, e.g., polybag (15×10 cm (T₀) and 20×15 cm (T₁)), sand medium in propagator house (T₂), conventional nursery bed (T₃), and root trainer (T₄) in the Nursery. Consequently, germination behavior and seedling morphological parameters of H. orixense were assessed. The results revealed that the sand medium of the propagator house (T₂) provided the highest germination % (58.57±22.30) and the highest germination energy (11.43±2.43) followed by seedlings growing in 20×15 cm polybags (T1) containing forest topsoil and cow-dung at a ratio of 3:1. Except for germination energy, germination values, and germination capacity, other seed biology parameters, particularly imbibition, germination period, germination rate, and plant survival percent in T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ were significantly (p<0.05) different from T₀. Each phenotypic parameter of seedlings and dry matter of shoot and root significantly differed from control except root length (p<0.992). Based on this study, Polybags of 20×15 cm size are regarded as the best medium for quality seedling development of H. orixense. The nursery bed (T₃) had the lowest germination performance and developed more inferior quality seedlings. Thereby, 20×15 cm size of polybags with conventional soil and cow-dung media is recommended for maximum germination and to grow the quality seedlings of H. orixense in the Nursery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate some factors in the bovine embryonic development from one-cell to blastocyst using modified synthetic oviduct fluid medium (mSOFM), after maturation and in vitro fertilization of the oocytes. The embryonic development to the blastocyst stage was assessed at 7-10 days after in vitro fertilization, and the total cells in the blastocysts were counted by staining nuclei with fluorochrome. Some commercial calf sera (CS) and a superovulated cow serum had different effects on the embryonic development to the blastocyst stage (8.6-21.4%), dependent upon their product lots, although the development might not be affected at least by serum progesterone levels. ${\beta}$-Mercaptoethanol (${\beta}$-ME) supplemented into mSOFM was effective to the embryonic development (27.8%), as well as the co-culture system with cumulus cells (19.5%). In a serum- and feeder cell-free culture using mSOFM containing several growth factors and ${\beta}$-ME instead of CS plus co-cultured cumulus cells, bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V), but not polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), was highly effective in embryonic development to the blastocyst stage, almost comparable to CS in the serum-contained culture (CS, BSA and PVA; 27.8, 19.5 and 5.7%, respectively). However, fatty acid free BSA rather reduced the number of developed blastocysts, compared with fraction V BSA (7.3 vs 29.4%). In the serum- and feeder cell-free culture, supplement of glucose to the medium (final 2.0 mM) stimulated the cell proliferation of developing embryos 120 hr after in vitro fertilization. These results indicated that a serum-free medium supplemented with ${\beta}$-ME could successfully support the development of bovine one-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, supplement of glucose and fatty acids to the medium might support preferably the development and cell proliferation of embryos.