• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.125-135
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• 1992

Nine strains of xyl mutants that could not utilize xylose as a carbon source were isolated from E. coli JM109 by the treatment of NTG in order to investigate the regulation of xylose operon and to use recipient cells for the cloning of xylR gene. For the characterization of all isolated mutants, colony colors of all mutants on MacConkey-xylose and MacConkey-xylulose agar plate were observed for the utilization of xylose and xylulose, and the growth level and the activity of xylose isomerase and xylulokinase were determined in need. The isolated xylR/T mutants formed the white colony on MacConkey-xy-lose and MacConkey-xylulose agar plate. They did not detect the activity of xylose isomerase, and the activity of xylose isomerase was not restored in transformants of xylR/T mutant with pEX13 which contained xylA gene. xylR and xylT mutants were classified from xylR/T mutants depending upon the growth level in minimal medium. xylT mutants; DH13, DH121 and DH125 could grow a little in that medium, but xylR mutants; DH10, DH53, and DH60 could not grow that medium.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1990

Cell volume and DNA contents of the fusants were similar to those of parents. Genetic stability of the fusants was increased when they were cultured on minimal medium (MM) rather than on complete medium (CM), and the fusants were stabilized by subculturing 7 generations each 7 day on MM agar. The finally selected fusants after being cultured for 6 months on CM were stable without segregation. The fusants could also form nuclein and ascospores, and show red and pink colors by the test of TTC colorization. Assimilability and fermentability of carbon sources of the fusants were similarto those of parents. The tolerance of KCl, NaCl, sodium propionate and cycloheximide showed the traits of one strain of parents. When the fusants were cultured for 72 hr and 60 hr in the medium containing 20% glucose and sucrose, respectively, the yield of ethanol for FWKS 260 was reached to 9.6 v/v% and 9.8v/v%, respectively. The sensitive strain Kyokai 7 was found to be killed entirely after cultivation of 48 hr by the killer toxin from the fusants. The recipient S 29 and Kyokai 7 were found to have neither L nor M dsRNA plasmid. However, K 52 and fusants had both L and M dsRNA plasmid of 4.7 kb and 2.5 kb, respectively. The curants treated by heat and cycloheximide did not contain M dsRNA plasmid, but had large amounts of L dsRNA plasmid of those of killer yeasts.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2015

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushrooms play a major role in plant growth promotion through symbiotic association with roots of forest trees. They also provide an economically important food resource to us and therefore they have been studied for their artificial cultivation for decades in Korea. We have secured bio-resources of ECM mushrooms from Korean forests and performed their physiological studies. To investigate the cultural characteristics, the fungi were cultured under different conditions (medium, temperature, pH of the medium, inorganic nitrogen source). More than 90% of total 160 strains grew on three solid media (potato dextrose agar, PDA; sabouraud dextrose agar, SDA; modified Melin-Norkrans medium, MMN). The rate of mycelial growth on malt extract agar (MEA) was lower than those of three media (PDA, SDA, MMN). None of the Tricholomataceae strains grew on MEA. Many strains of ECM mushrooms were able to grow at the temperature range of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ on PDA, while they showed poor growth at $10^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. In particular, the growth rates of both Gomphaceae and Tricholomataceae were significantly lower at $10^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH of many strains was pH 5.0 when they cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB). Fifty-seven percent of tested strains grew well on medium containing ammonium source than nitrate source. Many strains of Tricholomataceae showed a notable growth on ammonium medium than nitrate medium. Twenty-three percent of strains preferred nitrate source than ammonium source for their mycelial growth. The production and activity of two enzymes (cellulase and laccase) by ECM fungi were also assayed on the enzyme screening media containing CMC or ABTS. Each strains exhibited different levels of enzymatic activities as well as enzyme production. The number of laccase-producing strains was less than that of cellulase-producing strains. We found that 77% of tested strains produced both cellulase and laccase, whereas 2% of strains did not produce any enzymes. The morphological characteristics of mycelial colony were also examined on four different solid media. Yellow was a dominant color in mycelial colony and followed by white and brown on all culture media. ECM mushrooms formed mycelial colonies with a single or multiple colors within a culture medium depending on the strains and culture media. The most common shape of mycelial colony was a circular form on all media tested. Other families except for Amanitaceae formed an irregular colony on MMN than PDA. All strains of Tricholomataceae did not form a filamentous colony on all media. The pigmentation of culture media by mycelial colonies was observed in more than 50% of strains tested on both PDA and SDA. The degree of pigmentation on PDA or SDA was higher than MMN and brown color was dominant than yellow color. The production of exudates from mycelial colony was higher on PDA than MMN. Brown exudates were mainly produced by many strains on PDA or SDA, whereas transparent exudates were mainly produced by strains on MMN. We observed the mycelial colonies with a single or multiple textures in just one culture plate. Wrinkled or uneven colony surfaces were remarkably observed in many strains on PDA or SDA, while an even colony surface was observed in many strains on MMN. Sixty percent of Tricholomaceae strains formed wrinkled surface on PDA. However, they did not form any wrinkle on MMN plate. Cottony texture was observed in mycelia colonies of many strains. Velvety texture was often observed in the mycelial colonies on SDA than PDA and accounted for 60% of Suillaceae strains on SDA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the major agronomic characteristics Korean of 85 and Chinese Jilim Province of 5 local varieties of perilla at Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2001. Perilla accessions examined were classified into three maturity groups, i.e, early, medium, and late maturity group of $19\;(23\%),\;57\;(67\%)$, and $9\;(10\%)$ accessions, respectively. The early and late maturity groups mainly consisted of collections from middle-northern area and southern area, respectively, while the medium group consisted of accessions from all over the country. But chinese Jilim collection wad all mediumgroup. Average 1,000-seed weight(TSW) was 2.7 g. TSW of the collection from Hamyang was the greatest a 3.9g, while the TSW of Pyungchang collection was the smallest as 1.7g, and most of collections produced medium and small seeds. Perilla accessions with greate 1,000-seed weight seemed to be belonged to the late maturity group. Chinese collection was 2.2 to 3.19g and overage was 2.6g in average. Accodingly TSW hadn't more variegation than Korean. Seed coat colors of gorilla accessions were dark brown$(30\%)$, brown$(55\%)$ and gray brown$(6\%)$, respectively. Among seed coat colors, brown color consisted of $91\%$. Chinese was dark brown$(20\%)$, brown$(80\%)$ in color. Positively correlated that stem height, the number of nodes, branches and flower clusters with Korean and Chinese collection, capsules per flower cluster and the length of flower cluster with Korean collection and 1,000-seed weight and maturing period, flower clusters, stem height and the number of nodes with Chinese collection. And negatively correlated that the number of capsules per flower cluster and 1,000-seed weight with Korean collection and the length of flower cluster, stem height, branches, the number of nodes and flower clusters with Chinese collection.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the readability of Nearly White background color in display environment. To perform the experiment, warmup experiment was carried out to for cognitive of whiteness using a Tablet PC. The experiment environment was by a indoor window seat under a mixture of fluorescent light and sunlight. The result of previous test was that the most whiteness perception was a color white a medium wavelength and followed by the short wavelength. The main experiment was to find readability, color combination and visual strains using 4 nearly whites background colors (Reddish, Greenish, Blueish, Yellowish) and one white background color, also text color is limited on black. As a result, readability and color combination had the highest score against a Greenish white background. Visual strain is also the lowest against a Greenish background. On the contrary, readability and color combination preference has the lowest score against the Reddish background. Visual strain is also the highest against a Reddish background. We propose the background color, which improves readability and reduces visual strain in visual display terminals environment through the research results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1986

In order to analyse the color preference quantitatively, specially with reference to the subjects in the age of twenties, 100 subjects(M=50, F=50) that unconsidered other factors were adopted and responded to 4 items of the questionaire. The item no. 1 was to investigate the most prefered color on the white background, no. 2 was to most preferred stimulation -level of lightness in the same hues, no. 3 was to most prefered color on 5 different backgrounds -grey, blue, pink, yellow, and yellow green-, and no. 4 was same as no. 3 but with different color-arrangement Materials for item 1 and 3 were made with transparent acryl-boards(30cm$\times$30cm), on which 16 color chips arranged on circle, for item 4 on lattice, and for item 2 with 16 white boards(8cm$\times$21cm), on which 7 color chips of different lightness-level arranged. Reflectance(Y) and color coordinate(x, y) of all color chips measured with color difference meter were transfered into wavelength(nm), exitation purity(%), and Munsell's value. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Most prefered color was bluish green with wave1ength about 500nm. As increasing of exitation purity of color, more prefered. 2) When there were 7 different levels of lightness in the same hues, the relationship between the number of preference and the stimulation was inverted U-shaped. 3) With changing the background -color, the prefered colors were contrasting when backgrounds were low or high intensity-stimulation and familiar colors when backgrounds were medium intensity.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2009

Lilium lancifolium, which is one of the Korean native lilies, possesses several useful genetic characteristics such as growth vigor, bulbil formation and resistance to Fusarium. Hybridization was performed to insert useful traits of Asiatic hybrid "Dreamland" as the male parent with upward direction and dark brown spotless on the petal into L. lancifolium as the female parent. The rate of pollen germination of L. lancifolium and "Dreamland" were 30% and 60%, respectively. The pollen germination ratio of $F_1$ progenies at flowering date was 25-57%, which is between the parents'pollen germination ratio. The individual flowering time was between 113 days and 131 days after planting. Of 99% of all plants, the leaf shape index was more than five, which means that the leaf shape of $F_1$ plants is more influenced by female than male parent. The flower color was separated into four types. 51.5% of the progenies showed orange and 44.2% showed light orange, respectively. The colors seemed to be highly influenced by female parents. Mixed colors of parents, orange yellow and light yellow orange, were 3.1%, 1.2%, respectively. Flowering directions were segregated by three different ways, upside, side, and downside. Side direction, which is medium type between female and male parent, was 73%. All progenies showed lots of spot on petals except one offspring. The percentage of bulbil formation on leaf axil was 49.4%. Among those, the maximum number of bulbil formation was 25. The mean number of bulbil formation per plant was five.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.25
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• pp.171-195
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• 2004

This research presents an evaluation of the weathering and deterioration state of the Wanggung-ri five-storied stone pagoda in the Iksan (National Treasure No. 289) and suggests conservational schemes. A deterioration map of the pagoda was drawn from the aspects of petrological, physical, chemical, biological, structural and artificial weathering.The rock properties consisting of the pagoda were medium-grained biotite granite that had leucocratic phenocryst developed in parts. The body of each story suffered severely from the secondary contamination that turned the colors into light grey, pitch dark, yellowish brown, and reddish brown as well as granular decomposition, exfoliation and peel-off. The roof stones were heavy exfoliated or peeled off in most of the cases. In addition to the fine cracks, there were layered cracks on the corners. The roof stones of the3rd and 4th story in the north and west side had some stones fall-off, while those of the 2ndstory in the north side had steel reinforcement filled for a fixing purpose. Those of the 5th story showed big gaps that must have originated from cracks and were easily subject to granular decomposition and rainfall. The inside clay filler was missing in the lower part of the roof stones of the 4th and 5th story and the supporting stones, which were thus covered by light grey or pitch dark sediments. The contact area of the materials was about 70 % in the parts where there was a space due to the filler missing and washigher than 90 % in the lower parts of the pagoda. About 90 % or more of the roof stones surface of each story were covered by aerial plants that formed a thick biological mat. Thus it seemed necessary to come up with the conservational measures to remove the plans living on the surface of the stone materials, with the plans to prevent rain from falling inside, and with the water repellent and hardening treatments to postpone the surface weathering of the rock properties. All those measures and plans must be based on the results of long-term monitoring and thorough detail investigations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was the development of a digital water color measurement system using a CCD optical device. Photographs of the standard medium of Forel and Ule water color scales in the laboratory, and one of sea surface above a Secchi disc (Z=SD/2) immersed in seawater were taken. The colors of these pictures were estimated with the value of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$. Water color assessment was conducted with a digital photo-image. In the case of the Forel scale (No. 1-11), the $b^*$ value was so high that the water color number was large. In the Ule scale (No.11-21), the $a^*$ value became high, which is why the number on the water color scale was large. The color of these pictures showed that the $a^*$ value in the Forel scale and the $b^*$ value in the Ule scale increase with the increase of the F value. The $a^*$ value of seawater color was always lower than the one on the Forel and Ule water color scales. This indicates that the color of the scales differs from actual seawater color. It was concluded that water color number can more effectively be assessed by estimating the ${\Delta}Eab^*$ color difference between the water scales and actual seawater color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1912-1922
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• 2010

This paper examines the types and characteristics of cartoon and animation characters in contemporary fashion in order to provide the basic data necessary for the development and use of fashion character designs that develop creative designs and culturally high values. This study examined the relevant literature, reviewed local publications, foreign fashion magazines, and Internet data from 2000 to 2009. In this way, it analyzed various visual images that reflect cartoon and animation characters in case studies. This paper found some expression types, which are the direct expression of characters through print or collage, the borrowing of character images, the use of cartoon expression techniques, and the use of characters for the composition of clothing forms. Those expression types had some similar characteristics. The first is the expression of a kidult-like entertainment that reflected the inner psychology of adults trying to escape from a complicated modem society and returning to their childhood. The second is the expression of satire. Cartoon and animation characters were used as a medium for pointing out social irregularities and evil deeds that taught the lesson of good triumphing over the evil in fashion; they expressed the satire of the modem society and delivered a message of purity and hope. The third is the use of a decorative factor. Each character was printed in primary colors or expressed in colorful beads, and serial cartoon scenes were printed on clothes and used to make a decorative effect of fashion designs.