• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the distribution status, the physicochemical composition, and the physiological activity of Spergularia marina grown in the western region in Jeon-Ra-Nam-Do, looking for its potential as a local specialty goods. The amount sold of Spergularia marina to different areas from a rural market place was examined during April, 2008. The proportions of Spergularia marina are as follows; Yeongam(30.5%), Muan(24.3%), Naju(20.3%), Hampyeong(18.0%), and Haenam(7.0%), which were shown higher than those of Pimpinella brachycarpa. Total vitamin C and total chlorophyll contents in Spergularia marina were 68.61mg/100g DW and 58.11mg/g DW, respectively. Total amino acid contents were 331.94mg/100g DW and 20 kinds of amino acids were separated and classified. The contents of inorganic matters in Spergularia marina were as follows; Na(64.23mg/L), Mg(15.88mg/L) K(9.99mg/L), Ca(3.83mg/L). The total phenol and the total flavonoid contents of methanol extracts from Spergularia marina were 41.7mg/L and 18.9mg/L, respectively, with an extracting concentration of 2,000mg/L. The nitrite scavenging activity was highest (83.4%) in hot water extract. These results may be useful as basic data for using Spergularia marina as a local specialty goods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.284-305
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• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.549-558
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• 2009

This study examined the basic information on the native pear c.v. 'Baekwoon' grown in Mt. Baekwoonsan, Gwangyang, to develop as a local specialty product. the sensory characteristics, chemical compositions, and physiological activities of 'Baekwoon' pear were examined and compared with those of 'Niitaka' pear. Hardness of 'Baekwoon' pear was 19.30N, which was higher than 'Niitaka'. The sugar content of 'Baekwoon' was 11.5 $^{\circ}Brix$, which was lower than 'Niitaka'. The total amino acid contents of the fruit skin and flesh of 'Baekwoon' were 222 mg/100g dry weight (DW) and 130 mg/100g DW, respectively, which were much higher than those of 'Niitaka'. Especially, serine contents in fruit skin and flesh of 'Baekwoon' were 75.4 mg/100g DW and 40.2 mg/100g DW, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of 'Niitaka'. However, physiological activities, such as total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid content and nitrite scavenging activity, of 'Baekwoon' were lower than or similar to those of 'Niitaka'. Consequently, vitamin and amino acid contents of 'Baekwoon' were better than those of 'Niitaka'. It is suggested to use fruit skin because of its good composition and physiological activities so that it helps to improve the quality and the biological activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a complex Lactobacilli preparation on performance, resistance to E. coli infection and gut microbial flora of weaning pigs. In exp. 1, twelve pigs (7.65$\pm$1.10 kg BW), weaned at 28 d, were randomly allotted into 2 groups and placed in individual metabolic cages. During the first 7 d, one group of pigs was provided ad libitum access to water containing $10^5$ colony forming units (CFU) Lactobacilli per ml and the control group was provided tap water. The Lactobacilli preparation included Lactobacillus gasseri, L. reuteri, L. acidophilus and L. fermentum, which were isolated from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa of weaning pigs. On d 8, 20 ml of $10^8$ CFU/ml E. coli solution (serovars K99, K88 and 987P at the ratio of 1:1:1) was orally administered to each pig. Diarrhea scores and diarrhea incidence were recorded from d 7 to 14. On d 14, pigs were euthanized and digesta and mucosa from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were sampled using aseptic technique to determine microflora by culturing bacteria in selective medium. The results showed that Lactobacilli treatment significantly decreased E. coli and aerobe counts (p<0.01) but increased Lactobacilli and anaerobe counts (p<0.01) in digesta and mucosa of most sections of the GI tract. A 66 and 69.1% decrease in diarrhea index and diarrhea incidence, respectively, was observed in the Lactobacilli treated group. In exp. 2, Thirty-six crossbred Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire piglets, weaned at 28$\pm$2 days, were selected and randomly allocated into 2 groups. There were 18 piglets in each group, 3 piglets in one pen and 6 replicates in each treatment with 3 pens of barrow and 3 pens of female piglet in each treatment. Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water. The initial body weight of piglet was 7.65$\pm$1.09 kg. Dietary treatments included a non-medicated basal diet with Lactobacilli ($10^5$ CFU/g diet) or carbadox (60 mg/kg) as control. On d 21, six pigs per group (one pig per pen) were euthanized. Ileal digesta was collected to determine apparent amino acid digestibility. Microflora content was determined similarly to exp.1. The results showed that Lactobacilli treatment significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) of pigs compared to carbadox (p<0.05) during the first 2 wks after weaning and average daily gain (ADG) and ADFI increased significantly (p<0.05) from d 8 to 14. Nitrogen and total phosphorus digestibility also increased (p<0.05). Bacterial counts were similar to exp. 1. The results indicate that the complex Lactobacilli preparation improved performance for 2 wks after weaning, enhanced resistance to E. coli infection, and improved microbial balance in the GI tract.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop the industrial producing technology of sprout vegetables using the cut twigs of woody plants. We have cut the twigs of wild mulberry tree on 13 April,2006 to examine the sprouting rate as affected by the storage conditions on relative humidity of $40{\sim}50%$ and $80{\sim}90%$ under $4{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ temperature. And we have also investigated the sprouting growth following those storage period of twigs cut with $1{\sim}3$ buds. The longer storage periods, the less survival rate of wild mulberry twigs cut. The sprouting rate of cut twigs gathered on the day which had not stored at low temperature was 97.4%. And The sprouting rate at the relative humidity of $40{\sim}50%$ after storing at low temperature for 122 days were 34.2%, and that of at $80{\sim}90%$ relative humidity was 85.7%. The longer storage periods, the more the number, length and width of sprouts. Therefore, the twigs of a wild mulberry trees cut with $1{\sim}3$ buds were able to produce the sprout vegetables under the condition of temperature $4{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity $80{\sim}90%$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the difference in yield and size of enlarged rhizome according to the kinds of native white lotuses. Four white lotuses (Nelumbo nucifera) were collected from 4 different sites, Jeonbuk Jeonju ('Garam'), Jeonnam Muan ('Hoesan'), Chungnam Buyeo ('Ihnchuisa'), and Chungnam Cheongyang('Cheongyang'). Each enlarged rhizome was planted in an area of 3.3 $m^2$ on 10. April, 2007 and digged out on 19. February, 2008. The yield of enlarged rhizome was in the order of Hoesan (3.0 kg/$m^2$), Cheongyang (2.5 kg/$m^2$), Garam (2.0 kg/$m^2$) and Ihnchuisa (1.0 kg/$m^2$). The number of enlarged rhizomes was in the order of Ihnchuisa (4.9/$m^2$), Garam (4.3/$m^2$), Hoesan (4.2/$m^2$) and Cheongyang (4.1/$m^2$). Total number of nodes in the enlarged rhizomes were much more in the order of Hoesan (17.0/$m^2$), Ihnchuisa (16.0/$m^2$), Cheongyang (15.3/$m^2$) and Garam (14.1/$m^2$). Component ratio of enlarged rhizome length below 50cm for Ihnchuisa, Garam, Hoesan and Cheongyang were 76.3%, 53.0%, 38.2% and 40.3% respectively. Native white lotus had a longer enlarged rhizome in the first node than the other nodes, and their enlarged rhizome length and width became thin. And it became thick and short from the second node of enlarged rhizome. Accordingly the amount of enlarged rhizomes 'Hoesan' was extremely much than others.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.939-946
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to enhance the quality of gochujang sauces containing Salicornia herbacea L. extracts at concentrations of 0%(C), 1%(RS-1), 2%(RS-2), and 3%(RS-3). Free sugars detected in gochujang sauce were sucrose, glucose, maltose, and fructose. pH level was not significantly different among the samples. As the contents of S. herbacea L. extracts increased, the salinity decreased. The colors of the gochujang sauce as indicated by -L, $a^{\ast\ast\ast}$, and $b^{\ast}$ values decreased as contents of gochujang sauce S. herbacea L. extracts increased. Most of the mineral contents of gochujang sauce containing S. herbacea L. extracts were higher than that of control. Overall acceptabilities of the S. herbacea L. extracts-added groups were in the order of 2%, 3%, 0%, and 1%. The 2% (RS-2) S. herbacea L. extract-added group was highly rated in general charateristics, making it the most desirable for making S. herbacea L. extract-added gochujang sauce.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.543-549
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• 2012

To gather the basic data for increasing the utilization of Isatis tinctoria, we examined the effects of both antioxidative enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity from the extract of Isatis tinctoria. Ascorbate Peroxidase activities reveal that there is an decrease in order; ethanol extract from its stem (1601.7 Unit/mg protein), methanol extract from its leaf (1133.7 Unit/mg protein) and distilled water extract from its leaf (524.3 Unit/mg protein). Catalase activities reveal that there is an decrease in order; ethanol extract from its flower petal (177.1 Unit/mg protein), methanol extract from its leaf (120.8 Unit/mg protein) and distilled water extract from its flower petal (55.4 Unit/mg protein). Peroxidase activities reveal that there is an decrease in order; ethanol extract from its flower petal (27.1 Unit/mg protein), methanol extract from its flower petal (14.6 Unit/mg protein) and distilled water extract from its stem (10.4 Unit/mg protein). Superoxide dismutase activities reveal that there is an increase in order; distilled water extract from its root (90.8%), methanol extract from its flower petal (80.1%) and ethanol extract from its root (75.5%). Its flower extract showed a antimicrobial activity only against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, its root extract had only against Staphylococcus aureus, and its stem extract had against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, regardless of solvents. Especially, distilled water extract from its leaf showed a high antimicrobial activity against both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and inhibition diameters against those were 30.0 and 24.0 mm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2008

All the seeds of rape (Brassica napus) sprout vegetables were germinated within three days after seeding irrelevant to the light colors. The total fresh weight of rape sprout vegetables at 6 days after seeding have been increased when grown under green and white color lights by 0.339g/10plants and 0.339g/10plants compared with the control. The total flavonoid contents in rape sprouts were increased under red and blue lights by 72.5 and 70.9mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. Those DPPH radical scavenging activities at 2,000mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ were increased by 90.0 and 90.3% which were sprouted and grown under blue and white lights. Nitrite radical scavenging activity of sprouts were most decreased compared with the control when grown under the red light by 57.4mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. And mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of rape sprouts was extremely increased under the green light by 22.5mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the combination feeding of β-glucan and multi-species probiotics on growth performance, various lipid concentrations of serum, antibody production and cecal microbial profiles in broiler chicks. A total of six hundred 1-d-old male broiler chicks were divided into five groups, placed into four pens per group(30 birds per pen) and fed one of five non-medicated experimental diets(T1, 0.15% multi-species probiotics; T2, 0.1% β-glucan+0.15% multi-species probiotics; T3, 0.3% multi-species probiotics; T4, 0.1% β-glucan+0.3% probiotics or devoid them as control) for 5 wk. There was no significant difference in feed intake among the groups. The average weight gains and FCR in groups fed diet containing 0.3% probiotics were significantly improved(p<0.05) than control in finisher period(22-35d). The concentration of serum cholesterol ester in groups fed 0.3% probiotics were significantly lowered(p<0.05) as compared to that of the control. Relative weights of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, breast and leg were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The average ND or IB antibody titers in groups fed diets containing β-glucan and probiotics were tended to be increased, but not significantly. The number of cecal lactic acid bacteria was significantly increased(p<0.05) by the dietary β- glucan and probiotics. These results indicated that dietary β-glucan and probiotics exerted a growth- promoting and immune-enhancing effects on broiler chicks. In addition, yeast derived β-glucan, and multi-species probiotics modulated the profiles of cecal microflora, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics for feeding broiler.