• Health Policy and Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 1995

This paper porports to explicate the factors determining the scope of public health in advanced capitalist countries. A few studies have veen conducted for such a purpose, yet even these studies show the deficiency of failing to consider a very important factor : the influence of medical profession. Since medical profession has played a significant role in the health policymaking, it is necessary to incorporate the hypothesis that assumes the causal links between the differing medical professional power and the vrying scope of public health. Following this view, this paper examined the various hypothese, including the power of medical profession, and found that the variables related to medical professional power as well as social democratic perspectives are its significant factors. In particular, our result shows that the power of medical profesion is the most important determinant, thereby supporting the hypothesis developed in this paper.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2002

The degree of doctors' autonomy is decided by the relations between the profession and the state. The exclusive right required by doctors is based on knowledge, but it is most often decided by the relations between the profession and the state. The critical factor affecting the status of the medical profession is the span of its control on medical related areas. Therefore, the status of doctors depends on the degree of institutionalization and the span of their control. The status of Korean Oriental Medicine doctors has been largely affected by the governments medical policies. The dramatic change of the status of Korean Oriental Medicine in modern Korea dearly shows the effects of medical policy on the status of a medical system. Under the plural medical system every medical group lobbies for more favorable medical policies. Korean Oriental Medicine doctors have secured an enhanced status in government and expanded the range of medical insurance coverage. Also, they have accomplished the standardization of knowledge in their efforts to expand it. These achievements are the most important aspects of the professionalization of Korean Oriental Medicine. Therefore, we can conclude that the conflicts between Korean Oriental Medicine doctors and government representatives have had significantly positive effects on the professionalization of Korean Oriental Medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2008

The structure of medical profession is composed of multiple relations among state, patients, and medical professions. There are conflicts between the nation and medical professions because the nation controls the monopoly of medical professions through medical policies. Patients make relations with medical profession as medical consumers. And medical professions compete each other in order to gain the control of the medical market. This paper attempts to review the dynamic relations between the nation and medical professions. The medical professions and the nation are in conflict about the control of the autonomy of medical professions. The medical professions want to exercise the monopoly rights in their own area and, on the other had, the nation wants to prevent problems that might result from the monopoly by regulations and to have the control over the national operation. Given this, the common view of medical sociology is that the nation and the medical professions are in constant conflict. The arguments that the present medical sociology has on the relationship between the nation and medical professions can be summarized like these: first, the nation is the authenticator of medical system; second, the nation is a medical provider and consumer; and, third, the nation is a mediator of regulations and conflicts. Based on the above mentioned relations between the nation and medical professions, this paper attempts to see how the nation, which is one component of the medical structure, make influences on Korean Oriental doctors and Traditional Chinese doctors. So as to do this, the changes in medical policies and promoting policies for Korean Oriental medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed. Finally, the differences in national policies of Korean Oriental medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine are compared.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.431-439
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• 2002

Purpose : Nursing profession has been rapidly changed due to the development of bioscience and the change of medical service environment. Nursing profession that has been focused on only care giver's role like mother's in tradition, is required careful reflection new nursing role to cope properly to the change of medical service environment. In nursing profession, the concept of the role was used without an accurate definition, as a results, the concept of the role was mixed with the concept of the "activity", "job" and "function". Therefore, concept analysis of the role in nursing profession is needed to remove conceptual ambiguous and make confirm the true meaning of the role. Concept analysis is a strategy that examine the characteristics of a concept. It is a formal linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concept in theory, and propose operational definition which reflects the theoretical base of the concept. Method : In this study, the concept of the role in nursing profession which was analyzed based on the steps of concept analysis by Walker & Avant(1988). Results : The attributes of the concept of the role in nursing profession are : 1. Basic factors to construct social structure. 2. Expected attitudes, values, behavior patterns according to the social status and position in social structure. 3. Perceptive attitudes, values, behavior patterns in order to social interaction. 4. Acquiring through continuous communication and learning. 5. Not fixative but changeable. The antecedents of the role in nursing profession are : 1. The social status and position which is possessed by a person. 2. Expected attitudes, values, behavior patterns according to the social status and position in social structure. 3. Acquiring through continuous interaction, communication, and learning process. And the consequences of the role in nursing profession are : 1. The role maintenance and the role expansion as a positive consequences. 2. The role conflict and the role loss as a negative consequences. Conclusion : Through this concept analysis, the concept of the role in nursing profession is defined as As basic factors to construct social structure, person's attitudes, values, behavior patterns which are expected from other social members according to person's social status and position, and perceived and acquired through continuous interaction, communication, and leaning process.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2003

Self-medication is a representative phenomenon in the domain of popular care, originated from perspective of medical pluralism and the pharmacy profession is said to be in the most appropriate position of health care professions to activate self-medication. As any healthcare reform impacts in a country, 2000 institutional separation between medicine and pharmacy implemented in Korea brought a lot of changes in behavior of drug use not only to physicians and pharmacists but also to consumers (patients). In this paper, the reality of self-medication since the institutional separation between medicine and pharmacy was analyzed, based on the empirical data which were collected by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2002. The major finding is that the domain of popular care including self-medication was significantly shrunk, while that of professional care was proportionally expanded. As a result, the following four points were strongly recommended for the purpose of promoting self-medication: i) upgrading the pharmacy education system from 4 year to 6 year level, ii) improvement of continuing education and introduction of GPP (Good Pharmacy Practice), iii) activating 'pharmacal encounter' (i.e., pharmacist-consumer relationship) and iv) promotion of socio-economic research activities and proactive participation in the international self-medication movement of pharmacists in Korea.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2022

Background: Healthcare workers' attitudes toward vaccination have been widely described in the literature, but a restricted amount of studies assessed healthcare students' knowledge, attitudes, and opinions on this issue. This study aimed to estimate the influence of a degree course on knowledge and immunization behavior among healthcare students and to compare medical students with students from other health profession degree programs to identify possible differences. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 in 14 Italian Universities (3,131 students were interviewed). A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and opinions toward vaccinations, with a specific focus on influenza vaccine and attitudes toward mandatory vaccination policies. Statistical software STATA® 14 was used. Results: Significant differences were recorded between medical students and other healthcare students. The intention to get vaccinated against influenza during the next season and having been vaccinated in the previous season was higher in the medical group (p < 0.001). In the group of students of other health professions, we registered a lower probability of identifying themselves as a high-risk group for contracting infectious diseases as a consequence of their profession and health status (aOR 0.49; CI95%: 0.40-0.60) and an increased likelihood of defining their level of knowledge on vaccine-preventable diseases and related vaccinations as "insufficient/sufficient/fair" (aOR 1.31; CI95%: 1.11-1.56). Conclusions: Results show several differences between medical students and students of other health professions when it comes to vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, as well as a general low tendency to be vaccinated against influenza.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

The medical profession has the problem of lack of bioethics, due to the expansion of capitalism and mannerism after modernization. Therefore, the need of education of bioethics is increasing, however, the cramming system of education is insufficient for promoting personal morals. So the author studied ancient and present bioethics and searched for the cause of current bioethics absence and the method of overcoming it. Especially, studying the vocational features of oriental medical doctor as profession and the problems of education of bioethics in oriental medical college, the author searched for the directions of educations of bioethics. The conclusions are as follows. The current medical profession have ethical problems because of social moral hazard, evils of capitalism, change of doctor-patient relationship due to expansion of consumerism, limitation of autonomy due to commercialize of hospitals, decrease of knowledge monopolism of professionals, moral indifference and frailty, and a missdeed preference. The education of bioethics needs "Rest's 4 components" but the current education of bioethics in oriental medicine college lacks of time and is composed of the cramming system of education. So it needs various types of education system. Morals are subjective and discretionary personal character. Therefore, informational education is insufficient for enhancing morals and complex education for various personal attainments (various social indirect experience, philosophical speculation, mental serenity) is needed. It has to be done on the basis of educational method by experience not lecture, long term expectation, and basic understanding of bioethics.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.114-136
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find out the effect of conflict between profession groups within medical institution. For the purpose, the questionnaire-based research was done with 605 persons consisting of specialists, residents, nurses, radiologic technicians, clinicopatholigic technicians, health record administrator, administrative employees who are working in a university hospital located in Taegu City from February 15, 1997 to March 2, 1997. The results of the study were summarized as follows. The subject profession group against which each profession group feels the most conflict in interprofession mutual recognition relation was found out as follows; Specialists(34%) against colleague specialists, residents(54.0%) against nurses, nurses(54.8%) against residents, radiologic technicians(44.0%) against residents, and clinicopathologic technicians(34.5%) against nurses, while it was shown that health record administrator felt even conflict against residents, nurses and administrative employees and administrative employees(48.1) did against nurses. Most employee group answered that medical specialists have a one-sided and individual attitude toward all affairs, while both medical specialists and administrative employees of hospital answered that nurses are one-sided. It was shown among such groups that radiologic technicians' conflict results from their thinking which mutual dependence and cooperation are lowest while individual difference is highest, clinicopatholigic technicians' conflict from the problem in mutual communication, medical specialists' conflict from difference in goals greater than other group, respectively lower than other group. The rate of vertical conflict between groups was highest for the health record administrators and then for the radiological technicians, while it was lowest for the medical specialists and then for the nurses. In addition, the rate of horizontal conflict was high for both medical specialists and nurses, but it was low for the health record administrations and clinicopathological technicians. The group with the highest job satisfaction was the medical specialists and nurses, and the group with the highest involvement in organization was the medical specialists and administrative employees. Also it was shown that both medical specialists and clinicopathological technicians show a favorable attitude toward patients. Factors having an effect on the vertical conflict included difference in goals, cooperation within group and leadership. It was shown among those factors, however, that only the leadership has an effect on all the groups evenly. The horizontal conflict was influenced by such factors as educational level, mutual dependence, difference in goals, cooperation within group, and individual difference, when an important factor was the difference in goals for all the groups. Their attitude toward patients was influenced by the vertical conflict and age, but the vertical conflict was the most significant factor for the medical specialists. In conclusion, it is required to control properly the conflict between employees as well as between profession group and to execute good leadership, so as to improve patients' satisfaction which is the key goal of hospital.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the change of perceptions related to E.M.T. profession of E.M.T. student and to provide the basic data for development of curriculum. The subjects of the survey were 216 students from 3 junior college by questionaire from November 25 to November 29, 1996 in Kwang-Ju, Cheong-Ju, and Kong-Ju. The results were analyzed using the SAS and can be summerized as follows : 1. The view on profession was a statistically significant difference inspecial knowledge & skill training (t=-1.686, P<.001), high income (t=-0.753, P<.05) 2. The view on competence as a E.M.T. was a statistically significant differncein sufficient professional knowledge on the E.M.T. (t=-1.144, P<.001), own's health (t=-0.808, P<.001), sincerity and responsibility (t=-1.429, P<.01), satisfaction and effort (t=-1.335, P<.01), boundary of affairs (t=-1.356, P<.01) 3. The view on E.M.T. profession was a statistically significant difference inprotect of pt. life & to relieve the pain (t=-2.388, P<.001) 4. The view on necessary knowledge of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in patient assessment (t=-2.168, P<.001), ACLS (t=1.678, P<.001), hemorrhage & shock (t=-3.252, P<.001), trauma (t=-4.284, P<.001), cardiopulmonary disturbance (t=-2.897, P<.001), acute abdomen (t=-4.284, P<.001), neonatal disease (t=-4.032, P<.001), OBGY disease(t=-4.151, P<.001), emergency delivery (t=-2.825, P<.001), infectious disease (t=-2.930, P<.001), environmental emergency (t=-3.123, P<.05), recording(t=2.22, P<.05) 5. The view on ideology of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in belief & faith (t=-2.344, P<.001), knowing of own (t=-2.142, P<.01), humanity (t=-2.581, P<.05), knowing of patient (t=-2.079, P<.05).

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-84
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• 1996

It is generally believed that the medical profession in Korea is an well-paid field along with legal profession. In this vein, the nursing is regarded one of well-paid profession. The actual data, however, reveals that nurses belong to low income bracket. We carefully compare the nurse's earnings with those of other professions. We selected 58 professions, which are similar in vocational characteristics and education background to nurses and conduct a regression analysis to estimate earning functions. Using the estimated coefficients, we project an optimum salary level for nurse, and compare it with the actual salary level. The estimated results show that the nurses are underpaid : their actual salary is less than the optimum level. We provide several explanations for this phenomenon : a tradition based on Confucian value, wage discrimination for women, and wage inequality among hospitals. Undercompensation will result either ratard professional development, or block the motivation for high quality of nursing care. If the current underpaying situation is not improved, a shortage of nurses along with an noticeable decline in the quality of medical services are expected. Therefore an adequate compensation for nurses must be properly assessed and addresed not only be health care authorities but also by legislators. Further research is needed to explain why there is such as wide salary inequality among nurses, and to find what cause it.