• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.209-222
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• 2001

The environment in the ICU leads to negative changes in a patient's usual sleep pattern and so contributes negatively to the patient's health condition as compared to patients in general wards. Therefore, it is thought that an important nursing intervention would be to identify the relation between noise and sleep patterns which play an important role in illness recovery. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between noise in the ICU and the sleep pattern of patients admitted to the ICU. A descriptive correlation design was used to examine the relationship. Thirty-four subjects were recruited from a Medical ICU (MICU), Surgical ICU (SICU) and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) at a large university hospital in Suwon. Data were collected from September 28 to October 31 in 1999. In the present study, noise was categorized into noise level and patients' perception of noise. The objective noise level was measured using the A-Weighted Sound Level Meter. The patients' preception of noise was measured using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the researcher. Sleep patterns in this study includes both quantity and quality of sleep. These were measured using open ended questionnaires and the 'Korean Sleep Scale A' developed by Oh, Song, Kim(1998). The data was analyzed using the SPSS-WIN to test the research question, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was run. Ancillary analysis were conducted with demographic variables to determine their relation to the main study variables. For the ancillary analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVAs were performed. The results of the present study are summerized as follows : 1. The total mean of objective noise level (10pm-6am) was 56.2dB. The means for night time noise level in individual ICUs for the SICU, MICU and CCU, were 58.7dB, 58.6dB and 48.3dB, respectively. The total mean for patients' noise perception was 42.8 out of a maximum possible score of 76. For item means of noise perception, the one ranked highest was "conversations between doctors and nurses" (3.2). The one ranked lowest was "noise from the radio" (1.2). Regarding the degree of perception for each type of noise source, the one ranked highest was "equipment noise" (2.6), the second was "conversation between medical staff" (2.4), the third was "conversation between patients, caregivers and visitors" (2.3), and the one ranked lowest was "environment noise" (1.8). 2. Looking at quantity of sleep of ICU patients, the mean nocturnal sleep time was found to be 4.9 hours. The total mean of sleep quality for ICU patients was 21.0 out of a maximum possible score of 40. 3. The relationship between perception of noise and quantity of sleep was statistically significant(r= - .41, p<.05). The relationship between perception of noise and quality of sleep was also statistically significant(r= - .47, p<.01). The results of the study indicate that personal perception of noise is related to sleep patterns. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing interventions be developed to reduce the degree of personal perception of noise and, thus, decrease sleep pattern disturbances in patients in the ICU.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

Laser wave length can have evaporation effect by absorption because outer skin or tissue of focus is consisted of water almost though absorption of water occurs more than 90% almost in formation thickness of very thin floor. Can operate outer skin, steam by floor and correct incision of formation is available. Suture surgical operation is available to vein or lymph system and surgical operation region can dry and see as eye and radish bleeding surgical operation is available. Specially, stability of tube both end output about pulse by weight very, this research can cause various curative effect because can reduce bulk and control easily current wave style of medical laser using electric power conversion device of high frequency way. If introduce ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) or ZVZCS (Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching), is more profitable because can reduce switching damage. Because electric power department of proposed medical laser can do stable soft-switching in wide subordinate extent introducing ZVZCS technique by the first help and control department composes microcontroller, output current waveform user have free form make Result that experiment because design and manufacture, brought result that improve of 20% than existing equipment, and will be bought to get into superior result if supplement as systematic late.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 1995

The education of radiologic technology began in the regular institute of higher education in Korea in 1963. Up to now from then, our education to bring up the radiologic technologists has developed greatly in quality and quantity, and now departments of radio-technology are founded in the 16 junior colleges in March, 1995. This study was done to verify the necessity and propriety to reform the education system of radiologic technology which was run as two or three year system of college curriculum for 32 years since 1963, and to search for the method to reform in the future. We got the following results from this research. 1. In the survey, on the desirable education year for radiologic technologists, 63.9 % of professors of department of radio-technology and 63.0 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system, 27.9 % of professors and 34.6 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system added to graduate school. 2. In the survey, on the future development of radiologic equipments and technique, 67.2 % of professors of department of radiologic technology and 86.4 % of radiologic technologists have a view of "revolutional development". Also, on the future tasks or roles of radiologic technologists 95.1% of professors and 94.9% of radiologic technologists have a view that "They will increase". 3. On the necessity of extension of education year to 4 years from 3 years, the factor is that development of medical technique and machinery and tools, advance of qualification of radiologic technologists, enlargement and specialization of the business of the radiologic technologists, ballance of education year with other medical sciences, international competitive power and cooperation of radiologic technology, and education continuation of the graduates of department of radiologic technology. 4. They suggested that in the 4 year curriculum of department of radiologic technology, clinical medicine, quality control of radiation and radiologic equipment, related subjects to the radiologic application and computer application should be enforced and clinical practice should be extended more. 5. On the device to found the 4 year college curriculum of radiologic technology, they suggested that first, 4 year curriculum should be founded through the variety of educational year, secondly, department of radiologic technology should be founded in the 4 year health sciences college, thirdly, educational continuation of the radiologic technologists should be systematized on the basis of life-long education.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the performance characteristic for mammography by using edge device that mammography equipment improves essential in the correct diagnosis for the maintenance. We measured the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) using the 61267 RQA-M2 based on commission standard international electro-technical commission (IEC). As a results, spatial resolution of elenia demensions tomo and lorad selenia mammography were maintained at $10mm^{-1}$ and NPS and DQE including the low nyquist frequency indicated to $6.0mm^{-1}$. Therefore, regulary QA of mammography system should be necessary. This study can be contribute to evaluate QA for performance characteristic of mammography of DDR system.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2009

Purpose: Optical molecular luminescence imaging is widely used for detection and imaging of bio-photons emitted by luminescent luciferase activation. The measured photons in this method provide the degree of molecular alteration or cell numbers with the advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio. To extract useful information from the measured results, the analysis based on a proper quantification method is necessary. In this research, we propose a quantification method presenting linear response of measured light signal to measurement time. Materials and Methods: We detected the luminescence signal by using lab-made optical imaging equipment of animal light imaging system (ALIS) and different two kinds of light sources. One is three bacterial light-emitting sources containing different number of bacteria. The other is three different non-bacterial light sources emitting very weak light. By using the concept of the candela and the flux, we could derive simplified linear quantification formula. After experimentally measuring light intensity, the data was processed with the proposed quantification function. Results: We could obtain linear response of photon counts to measurement time by applying the pre-determined quantification function. The ratio of the re-calculated photon counts and measurement time present a constant value although different light source was applied. Conclusion: The quantification function for linear response could be applicable to the standard quantification process. The proposed method could be used for the exact quantitative analysis in various light imaging equipments with presenting linear response behavior of constant light emitting sources to measurement time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who suffered from hydrofluoric acid chemical injury and the mechanism of damage. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals. Results: Forty four patients out of 47 patients suffered from chemical burn, while the injuries of the remaining 3 could not be identified by the medical records. A total of 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients were enrolled during the study period, and their mean age was $29.6{\pm}7.0$. All the patients were accidentally injured by contact with the material and none of them inhaled or ingested the material. Only 6 patients wore appropriate protective equipments and 5 underwent the water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. The most common exposure area was the hand and forearm (70.5%). Less than 1% of all of the patients had their total body surface (TBS) exposed to hydrofluoric acid (mean=0.35%). The mean time interval from calcium gluconate administration to pain relief was $33.6{\pm}8.8$ hours. Conclusion: When exposed to hydrofluoric acid, it is important to wear protective equipment and undergo water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. Pain and skin damage were observed in all the patients. After treatment, we concluded that administration of calcium gluconate and pain killers was successful in relieving pain, and the prognosis was also positive for the admitted and followed up patients when less than 1% of the TBS was exposed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.203-213
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• 2013

In the current legal system, establishing aging friendly smart home based on healthcare for the senior people over 65 seems hard to be achieved. For these reasons, this study is intended to explore the improvements in the legal system using the comparative analysis in the domestic and foreign legal systems. The related legal system is divided into three sections - 'healthcare,' 'aging friendly,' and 'smart home' - providing that telemedicine would be implemented. According to the analysis of the legal system for healthcare, telemedicine is executed by the medical law. Thus, we need to investigate the concept and all the matters of telemedicine on the basis of foreign cases. As the result of the analysis of the legal system for 'Aging Friendly,' the definition of the elderly is ambiguous and we find the improvement of health and medical system. In addition to these, the definite bounds of the healthcare equipment have to be set. From these results, we are aware of the necessity of the improvements of the legal system, and suggest plans for these problems. That is to organize the legal system and make a new law through revising the current specific identification. This study focuses on suggesting the improvements of the legal system with the comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign legal systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.944-949
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• 2015

This study proposed a patch antenna with a MIMO structure which is applicable for wireless communication equipment by combining a single patch antenna with a multi port. The proposed MIMO patch antenna was designed through the TRF-45 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.5, loss tangent equal to 0.0035 and dielectric high of 1.6 mm, and the center frequency of the antenna was 2.45 GHz in the ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band. The proposed MIMO patch antenna had a 500 MHz bandwidth from 2.16 ~ 2.66 GHz and 24.1% fractional bandwidth. The return loss and VSWR were -62.05 dB, 1.01 at the ISM bandwidth of 2.45 GHz. The Wibro band of 2.3 GHz was -17.43 dB, 1.33, the WiFi band of 2.4 GHz was -31.89 dB, 1.05, and the WiMax band of 2.5 GHz was -36.47 dB, 1.03. The radiation patterns included in the bandwidth were directional, and the WiBro band of 2.3 GHzhad a gain of 4.22 dBi, the WiFi band of 2.4 GHz had a gain of 4.12 dBi, the ISM band of 2.45 GHz had a gain of 4.06dBi, and the WiMax band of 2.5 GHz had a gain of 3.9 6dBi.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

In recent years, the radiotherapy equipment has become much more sophisticated, and with the complication comes an increased set of quality assurance (QA) responsibilities. Today's computer controlled linear accelerator requiring QA of not only the radiation integrity, but also the mechanical accuracy of the linear accelerator. The existing QA sheets are adequate for acceptance testing and commissioning but those sheets are somewhat descriptive form for routine QA. establishing the QA sheets for a facility are more efficient if the sheets could estimate the long-term stability for the result of QA. We are going to develope new prototype of mechanical QA sheet to visualize and to verify long-term stability of mechanical QA for clinical linear accelerator. The items included in mechanical QA sheet were 1) gantry rotation, 2) collimator rotation, 3) couch rotation, 4) optical distance indicator (ODI), and 5) laser alignment. We compared new prototype sheet with conventional sheet for several hospitals in Korea for those items. The QA acceptance criteria in this study mainly followed published recommendations. The contents of test for mechanical QA are the following. Confirm that the digital and/or mechanical gantry angle readouts are correct. Verify that digital and/or mechanical readouts of collimator angle agree with the true angle, as determined with the protractor. Measure the light field using a graph paper and compare with the digital readouts. Confirm digital readout accuracy. Verify that the sagittal laser, the left and right lasers, and the ceiling laser intersect at the isocenter. In the design of new QA sheet, we emphasized the representation of the long-term stability of mechanical QA by using Excel program. By using the new prototype QA sheet, we simplified and visualized the mechanical QA process, and could estimate the long-term stability of mechanical error of linear accelerator.