• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to develop the magnetic acupuncture system which used solenoid coil for magnetizing acupuncture needle. The system could generate the meridian electric potential (MEP) similar to the potential by manual acupuncture. Thus, we tried to confirm the therapeutic effect that is caused by the MEP generation. Methods : To confirm the MEP, we stimulated the magnetic acupuncture with at 2Hz, $92.7{\pm}2mT$, PEMFs (Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Fields) at ST37 and measured the evoked potential between ST36 and ST41. Also, we conducted a fatigue recovery test using isokinetic exercise in order to identify the therapeutic effect on musculoskeletal disorders. We chose LR9 as a stimulation point. To observe the state of fatigue, we measured the EMG and analyzed median frequency and peak torque for 20minutes. Results : We observed that MEP which incurred from magnetic acupuncture was higher than he reported MEP induced by manual acupuncture. Moreover, its modes were divided into two types by the direction of magnetic flux. When generating magnetic flux in the direction of acupoint, the positive peak voltage of the MEP was generated. In contrast, negative peak voltage of the MEP was generated whenever meganetic flux generated in the outward direction. As a result of fatigue recovery, the median frequency (MF) of the magnetic acupuncture group were recovered faster than that of the non-stimulation group. However, the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. Conclusions : We confirmed that the magnetic acupuncture system can lead to the MEP similar to manual acupuncture. Moreover, the MEP had a therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implant tilting and the loading direction on the displacement and micromotion (relative displacement between the implant and bone) of immediately loaded implants by in vitro experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Six artificial bone blocks were prepared. Six screw-type implants with a length of 10 mm and diameter of 4.3 mm were placed, with 3 positioned axially and 3 tilted. The tilted implants were $30^{\circ}$ distally inclined to the axial implants. Vertical and mesiodistal oblique ($45^{\circ}$ angle) loads of 200 N were applied to the top of the abutment, and the abutment displacement was recorded. Nonlinear finite element models simulating the in vitro experiment were constructed, and the abutment displacement and micromotion were calculated. The data on the abutment displacement from in vitro experiments and FEA were compared, and the validity of the finite element model was evaluated. Results: The abutment displacement was greater under oblique loading than under axial loading and greater for the tilted implants than for the axial implants. The in vitro and FEA results showed satisfactory consistency. The maximum micromotion was 2.8- to 4.1-fold higher under oblique loading than under vertical loading. The maximum micromotion values in the axial and tilted implants were very close under vertical loading. However, in the tilted implant model, the maximum micromotion was 38.7% less than in the axial implant model under oblique loading. The relationship between abutment displacement and micromotion varied according to the loading direction (vertical or oblique) as well as the implant insertion angle (axial or tilted). Conclusions: Tilted implants may have a lower maximum extent of micromotion than axial implants under mesiodistal oblique loading. The maximum micromotion values were strongly influenced by the loading direction. The maximum micromotion values did not reflect the abutment displacement values.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-103
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• 2018

Objectives: The Qing Dynasty experienced a development in Yunqi even greater than in the Ming Dynasty. Popularization and universalization of Yunqi theory led to many books on the subject published, especially with weights on Warm Heat Disease and Pestilence, also giving birth to new Yunqi theories. A study into this development has a great significance in the study of the traditional medicine in Qing. Methods: The paper studies the Yunqi books published in the Qing dynasty to find out the unique characters of those books. To understand the direction which the Yunqi theory in the Qing period took, the paper also reviewed the positions of different groups, those who were favorable, those who compromised, and those who were unfavorable. Results: Four directions were taken by the study of Yunqi in the Qing period. First is the systemic study and composition of Neijing's chapter of Yunqi. This direction was taken by Liumaoxiu's NeiJingYunQiBingShi) and $N{\grave{e}}ijingyunqibiao$, Xuefuchen's Suwenyunqitushuo, Zhuenhua's Suwenyunqiqianshuo, an unknown person's Su wen yunqi chao, Weigeliu's Neijingqihuapian. The second direction is the study of Yunqi in relation with the Warm Heat Disease and Pestilence, which was taken by Mayin lin's Wuyunliuqiwenyifayuan, Lumaoxiu's Suwenyipianbìngshi, Litianchi's Shiyiwenbingqìyunzhengyan lun, and Wangxun's Cihangsanyuanfujifang. The third direction deals with a new Yunqi theory. The Fourthis the explanation of Yunqi in the form of Songs, which was taken by Wuqian's Yunqiyaojue, and Wengzao's Yunqiyaojue. Conclusions: Ludanchen published Yunqibian, and explained that Haizichouyinmaochen, which is the eclipse's south latitude, becomes Nanzheng, and Southern government, which is the eclipse's north latitude, becomes Northern government. Lumaoxiu revealed that the Liuqidasitian, founded by Wangpuzhuang, his great grandfather on the mother's side, is in alignment with the theory of Dashitian, used by Liushozhen, Lidongyuan, Zhudanxi, and Zhangjingyue. The representative figure in the favorable view of Yunqi in the Qing period is Wuyang, that of those who compromised is Fengzhaozhang, and that of opposition is Zhangzhuo.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.135-138
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• 2002

Fractionated stereotactic radiosurguy (FSRS) requires precise and reproducible patient set up. For these reasons non-invasive mask fixation methods have been used in Linac based FSRS. In this study, we measured and assessed the isocenter reproducibility using a commercial head mask fixation system based on thermoplastic materials. For the verification and the measurement of isocenter deviation a special acrylic brain phantom was designed. The designed phantom has 22 vertical rods and each rod has different lengths. At the end of the 8 rods, the monochromic film is attached and irradiated due to planned target position. Deviations of isocenter were measured separately for each direction. The mean deviation showed 0.4 mm in longitudinal direction, 0.1 mm in the lateral direction, 0.1 mm in the anterior-posterior direction of the treatment couch. The data demonstrates the high accuracy and reproducibility. This study reinforces previous literature published.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to search the present state of physiotherapy and the development direction of a curriculum for physiotherapy educational program, especially in field of orthopedic manual therapy, in Swaziland. Methods: The developed curriculum is as follows: 1. Disease and Health State in Swaziland. 2. Medical Human Resources State of Swaziland. 3. Physiotherapy Services State in Swaziland. 4. Higher Education State in Swaziland. 5. Development Direction of a Curriculum for Physiotherapy Educational Program in Swaziland. Conclusions: There is no a physiotherapist in Swaziland and Swaziland government which has not a physiotherapy education programme in any university of whole country. So we need to the development direction of a curriculum for physiotherapy educational program for the future of Swaziland, especially in field of orthopedic manual therapy. The reason is firstly, most of people are obesity in this country, so many people complained a lot of joint and muscle pain. And secondly, also there are many musculoskeletal disease patients now a day in Swaziland because of HIV/AIDS. Lastly, Swaziland country is in a poor and developing state, so physiotherapist it is hard to make a purchase and setting physiotherapy modalities apparatus at Swaziland country.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Purpose: To develop strategies for research and development (R&D) in nursing service based on the policy direction of government supported R&D in Korea. Methods: This was a descriptive study to develop strategies for promoting R&D in nursing by analyzing investment trends and status quo, policy directions, and implementation of the details of government supported R&D through government reports, websites of relevant agencies and literature reviews. Results: Few nursing experts participated in clinical research on overcoming major diseases and in R&D for well-being and care. Development of nursing topics that meet the direction of government supported R&D were lacking. Insufficient implementation of nursing service R&D in a timely manner equipped with a performance-based system. Few research studies in R&D projects that included research using big data or contributing to developing medical instruments. Finally, an insufficient number of nursing specialists participated on government R&D advisory committees. Conclusion: For nursing service R&D development efforts should be toward quantitative expansion and qualitative improvements by sensitively recognizing policy direction of government supported R&D. The promotional capacity of nursing service R&D must be reinforced through a multidisciplinary approach and collaborative association with other professionals and the inclusion of nurse specialists on government R&D advisory committees.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2021

Objectives: This study is to analyze Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and to consider the direction of development. Methods: This study focuses on Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) that Five Phase Theory(五行學說) has been applied as a compound and it is designated Five Phase-Five Transport Points-Acupuncture Method(FPT Acupuncture Method, 五行五輸穴鍼法). Principles, Acupuncture Points(經穴), standards of diagnosis and treatment subjects of FPT Acupuncture Methods used in practices of Korean Medicine (韓醫學) were analyzed through updated literature. Next, the theoretical issues of FPT Acupuncture Methods regarding the composition of selecting exclusively on Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and targeted treatment subjects were investigated. Based upon the investigation, the future direction of development was studied. Results & Conclusions: Firstly, pattern identification and treatment of FPT Acupuncture Methods targeted mostly on Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). However, some showed the tendency to Five Phases Reductionism(五行 還元主義) which attempts to apply Five Phase Theory(五行學說) to symptoms that were not related to Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). Secondly, Five Transport Points(五輸穴) are theoretically related to 'Viscera and Bowels in Concept of Visceral Manifestation(臟象臟腑)'. Thirdly, when the cause of the symptoms exceeds the main therapeutic range of FPT Acupuncture Methods, it is effective to add Acupuncture Points(經穴) excluding Five Transport Points(五輸穴). And also, it is efficient to use Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) that is not based on principles of Five Phase Theory(五行學說). For the accomplishment, further researches on the approaches to apply basic Korean Medical principles such as Three Yin and Three Yang(三陰三陽) into Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) and Acupuncture Points(經穴) are necessary.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

The development of ICT and the popularization of smart devices are affecting not only politics, economics and culture but also even education. Smart education, a concept that promotes active learning based on the latest mobile technology, is being noted for a new paradigm in education of the $21^{st}$ century. The aim of this study was to develop a mobile application, Smart Medical Terminology(SMT), allows health science students to learn medical terminology anytime, anywhere, easily and conveniently. The SMT makes learners interested in and motivated to learn medical terminology. It also provides various learning methods that enable self-direction learning in accordance with the level of learners.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to suggest the qualification criteria for the instructors of first aid education for teachers in the School Health Act. Methods: We compared and analyzed the approval provisions for qualifying as first aid educators under the School Health Act, the Emergency Medical Services Act, and prior studies of first aid education. Results: The comparison of the studies demonstrated some key points. First, the first aid education of teachers could be improved through the knowledge of professional instructors. Second, the doctors, emergency nurse practitioners, and emergency medical technicians (EMT) were suitable as specialized first aid instructors. Third, for qualifying as first aid instructor, only the EMTs required more than five years of career. Conclusion: We suggest that all emergency medical service providers qualify to become first aid educators. Additionally, the requirement of EMTs to have more than 5 years of career to qualify as an instructor should be eliminated.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.89-128
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to diachronically examine the classification systems of all materia medica, followed by categorization and analysis of each category to deduce each category's characteristic. This will provide foundation for further examining classifications of bencao in contemporary herbology. Methods : Classification systems from a total of 93 bencao related texts were collected and categorized. Each category's classification system was analyzed to determine its meaning. The classification systems were compared from a diachronic perspective, to further deduce each system's problem from a historical context. Results : The classification systems of materia medica could be summarized as following three standards: quality, origin, and medical application. In reality, bencao could be generally classified according to origin and medical application. The origin-based classification system provided a stable and flexible classification outline in the expansion process of bencao. The medical application-based classification strengthened the relationship between bencao and illness pattern, improving clinical applicability. Conclusions : In the history of herbology, the two classification systems created the current of herbology through mutual contribution and conflict. We hope that further discussion on the direction towards which classification system of bencao in contemporary herbology should head will proceed based on this study.