• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.707-727
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• 2020

This study aims to empirically analyze the role that perception of the probability of lonely death among the elderly people living alone plays in the relationship between perceived social support and preference for institutional care based on Andersen's expanded Behavioral Model (2002). The subjects (n=676) of this study were the elderly people living alone, extracted from the "2018 Seoul Aging Survey." With "perceived social support" as an independent variable, "preference for institutional care" as a dependent variable, and "perception of the probability of lonely death" as a mediator variable, we conducted a Binary Logistic Regression to follow the three steps of analyzing mediation effect, as suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). The results showed that perceived social support has a negative effect on the preference for institutional care and perception of the probability of lonely death among the elderly people living alone; at the same time, perception of the probability of lonely death was found to have a positive effect on their preference for institutional care. Lastly, perception of the probability of lonely death was found to partially mediate the effect of perceived social support among the elderly people living alone in terms of their preference for institutional care. Based on these findings, the practical implications of this study can be summarized as follows. First, various programs and support should be provided to the elderly people living alone in order to enhance the level of perceived social support, a factor that has been confirmed to increase preference for institutional care among the elderly people living alone. Second, as the perception of the probability of lonely death was confirmed to be a psychosocial factor of the preference for institutional care, we need to promote education and support for older people living alone to prepare them for lonely death. These efforts are expected to form a foundations for implementing a community-based integrated care system, "Aging in Place," which is the policy direction required for older people care.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2021

Objectives : Shift work has been known to cause various health problems by making it difficult for humans to adapt to their natural circadian rhythms. In particular, shift workers tend to complain of sleep difficulties associated with work schedules, and sometimes use alcohol as a self-medication to induce sleep. To date, no clear mechanism has been identified regarding the link between shift work and sleep, between shift work and drinking. This study aims to confirm the relationship between shift work and sleep, and to analyze whether the change in sleep caused by shift work causes drinking. Methods : This study included 11360 people (5704 men and 5656 women) among the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data in 2014, 2016 and 2018. The work type between 6am-6pm was defined as day work, and other work types were defined as shift work. Using logistic regression analysis, the relationship between shift work and sleep quality, shift work and high risk drinking, drinking amount at 1 time, drinking frequency were analyzed. In addition, we analyzed whether sleep mediates the relationship between shift work and drinking using mediated analysis. Results : Shift work showed a significant negative relationship with sleep quality in men and women (male OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.70, female OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.05-1.50). There was no significant relationship between shift work and alcohol in the case of men, but in the case of women, there was a significant positive relationship between shift work and the number of alcohol consumption (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.04-1.72). When mediation analysis was conducted, it was found that women's sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between shift work and the frequency of drinking. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that shift work causes sleep difficulties, and in the case of women, drinking can be induced through the partial mediating effect of sleep. Considering that women are more likely to choose drinking as a coping method for sleep problems, more active interventions for female shift workers are needed.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the characteristics of mobile-based financial platforms have an impact on the intention to use loan service users. In addition, it was attempted to investigate whether usefulness and ease of use had a mediating effect in the relationship between each characteristic of the mobile financial platform on the intention to use the loan service. Data collection was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2022, and 200 people participated in the study. Analysis methods were frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and three-step mediation regression analysis. The research results are as follows. First, the influence of user factors, technical factors, and environmental factors of a financial platform on the intention to use a mobile loan service was found to be ubiquity in user factors, reliability in technical factors, and facilitation conditions in environmental factors. Second, in the relationship between convenience and intention to use user factors, usefulness had a completely mediating effect. Third, in the relationship between reliability of technical factors and intention to use, usefulness showed a partial mediating effect. Fourth, in the relationship between the social impact of environmental factors and facilitation conditions and intention to use, the usefulness showed a partial mediating effect. Fifth, ease of use showed a completely mediating effect in the relationship between convenience and intention of use of user factors. Sixth, in the relationship between reliability of technical factors and intention to use, ease of use showed a partial mediating effect. Seventh, in the relationship between the social impact of environmental factors and intention to use, ease of use showed a partial mediating effect, and in the relationship between facilitation conditions and intention to use, ease of use showed a fully mediating effect. Through this study, we tried to present basic data on the determinants of the user's acceptable intention to use the mobile loan service.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

To examine the antitumor effect of proso millet grains, whether proso millet grains exert apoptotic activity against human cancer cells was investigated. When the cytotoxicity of 80% ethanol (EtOH) extract of proso millet grains was tested against various cancer cells using MTT assay, more potent cytotoxicity was observed against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells than against other cancer cells. When the EtOH extract was evaporated to dryness, dissolved in water, and then further fractionated by sequential extraction using four organic solvents (n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol), the BuOH fraction exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Along with the cytotoxicity, TUNEL-positive apoptotic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and several apoptotic responses including BAK/BAX activation, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm) loss, mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytosol, activation of caspase-8/-9/-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected. However, human normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells exhibited a significantly lesser extent of sensitivity compared to malignant MDA-MB-231 cells. Irrespective of Fas-associated death domain (FADD)-deficiency or caspase-8-deficiency, human T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells displayed similar sensitivities to the cytotoxicity of BuOH fraction, excluding an involvement of extrinsic apoptotic mechanism in the apoptosis induction. These results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of BuOH fraction from proso millet grains against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells is attributable to intrinsic apoptotic cell death resulting from BAK/BAX activation, and subsequent mediation of mitochondrial damage-dependent activation of caspase cascade.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 2023

Although many studies have been conducted on techniques and effects that can be applied to forest meditation in domestic forest healing meditation research, there has been little research on the space where forest meditation takes place. Nevertheless, a meditation space is not just a place concept but a forest environment element responsible for the healing function of a forest, i.e., a place containing healing factors, and can be an essential clue to the healing mechanism. Therefore, to determine whether a healing forest meditation space is suitable for meditation, this study selected the attribute items of the meditation space using the Delphi expert survey and then surveyed the user satisfaction of the healing forest meditation space using the IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) technique. The survey was conducted from August to November 2022, targeting 315 adults who used the forest meditation space at the National Center for Forest Therapy, the Saneum Healing Forest, and the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum in Gyeonggi Province. The result of the IPA analysis showed the average satisfaction with the forest meditation space was relatively high at 4.33 points on a 5-point Likert scale (4.33 points for the National Center for Forest Therapy, 4.34 points for the Saneum Healing Forest, and 4.37 points for the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum), indicating that the three healing forest meditation spaces were suitable for forest meditation. Satisfaction with the "Sounds of nature" was high in all three forests. On the other hand, all three forests showed a relatively low satisfaction with "Quietness," indicating it to be a priority problem to be addressed. Also, an open-ended questionnaire survey showed that the mediation space's natural elements, such as natural sounds, scenery, air, forest spaces, and scents, had a higher positive impact on meditation satisfaction than artificial elements, such as facilities. Therefore, it is essential to secure sound resources such as the sound of water and birds around the meditation space, and it is also necessary to consider ways to create a meditation forest in an independent area to avoid encounters with visitors and allow only participants in the forest healing meditation program to enter to increase satisfaction with forest meditation.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2011

Public resistance is an essential factor of the democratization process. Due to this, public resistance has been recognized as an important element in discussing the democratization of China. Recently in China, and a new era of resistance especially the agrarian resistance has been being expanded. This paper identifies trends and characteristics of that. With searching changes in the relationship between the nation and the societies in China, we will check whether democratization can be built from the whole bottom of the nation's ideology or not. It is a paradox of china's economic growth that the peasant uprising increased is a factor to the growth. The farmers' smoldering discontent exploded with rage because rural communities have been forced to sacrifice during the growth. The authoritarian party-state system in China has been faced with the limits in calming the peasant revolt down with the traditional suppression and restriction. Even though the party-state system in China has accepted farmers' dissatisfaction somewhat, and it has tried to improve its image of a benevolent government and pursued buying stability strategy, the gap between urban and rural areas has been expanded in the sustainable economic development and modernization process, therefore the authorities could not soothe the farmers' sense of alienation. Accordingly, the peasant revolt has not flickered out easily, and has been getting uncontrolled across China. Resistance characteristics of Chinese farmers have also changed. In the past, they had been sporadic and indirect ways, whereas in recent years, they have changed into organized and active ways. Of course, it is generally evaluated that the party-state system has sustained a strong social control so far. Buying stability strategy has prevented farmers' complaints from spreading to a threat to its regime, because civil societies in rural areas have still weak foundations from being formed. The party-state system, because of tensions and conflicts, will control the growing powers of civil societies in rural areas with institutionalization of interaction between the nation and the societies, and they will induce street protests to legalized struggle for a while. However, the relationship between the state and the societies has already started new rearrangement, in terms of that the conflicts between the state and rural communities have continued, and the changes of resistance ways.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-69
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• 2011

A basic function of packaging is preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic and serviceability on packaging. Originally, the function and necessity of packaging is on preservability, but today it is expending before. then packaging is focusing on sales promotion. Although it is hard to say production itself, it could does when it is made. also, it is important for product to be goods when packaging and its materials are identification on matching each other. The role of packaging design is a core factor that satisfy consumer a various of needs and wants. In the past, the role of food packaging design is just preservability and delivery on product. but then, nawaday it is asked a various role. Not only present products have to get inherency but also have added value. That is, advanced technologies, information, and richness from materials which are diversity for coming a extention of choice. currently, food packaging design shouldn't have stayed on just packaging which cover beautiful. Packaging design is a symbolic sign. It is importance for manager to do R&D, producing, and distribution, also for consumer who use and buy the product whether manager and consumer think package design is a main mediation. This day, food design pay attention to be asking consumer's a number of sensitivity. It is the reason that the package is importance and exist. This article is to examine preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic, serviceability, and environmental orientation in order to develop and show a method and theories to find package design in food industry the reason that why sales promotion and its profit increase. Consequently, draw on the function of package design effects the benefit on product is distribution. Green Design on the food packages by combining recycled and biodegradable food packages for the development of practices and long life to the look of the food package design practices.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.173-199
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• 2011

A franchisee has to depend on the overall system, such as knowhow and management support, from a franchisor in the franchise system and the two parties do not start with the same position in economic or information power because the franchisor controls or supports through selling or management styles. For this, unfair trades the franchisor's over controlling and limiting the franchisee might occur and other side effects by the people who give the franchisee scam trades has negatively influenced on the development of franchise industry and national economy. So, the purpose of this study is preventing unfair trade for the franchisee from understanding the causes and problems of dispute between the franchisor and the franchisee focused on the dispute cases submitted the Korea Fair Trade Mediation Agency and seeking ways to secure the transparency of recruitment process and justice of franchise management process. The results of the case analysis are followed; first, affiliation contracts should run on the franchisor's exact public information statement and the surely understanding of the franchisee. Secondly, the franchisor needs to use their past experiences and investigated data for recruiting franchisees. Thirdly, in the case of making a contract with the franchisee, the franchisor has to make sure the business area by checking it with franchisee in person. Fourthly, the contracts are important in affiliation contracts, so enacting the possibility of disputes makes the disputes decreased. Fifthly, lots of investigation and interests are needed for protecting rights and interests between the franchisor and franchisee and preventing the disputes by catching the cause and more practical solutions of the disputes from the government.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.723-739
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• 2019

This study is to verify the mediated effects of attitudes toward old people and dementia in the influence of elderly couples in the aging society amid the rapidly changing family structure and functions due to the combination of individualization, marital status and divorce rate. In order to carry out such research purposes, data were collected from students of elementary, middle and high schools in Gwangju, through self-subscribed questionnaire. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs were used and frequency, percentages, technical statistics, correlation, factor analysis, structural model validation, and the Sobel-Test were performed. The results of this study are as follows. First, family intimacy, elderly awareness, and elderly care were the highest among elementary school students, followed by middle school and high school students (P.<.001). Also, in religion, the family intimacy of teenagers with religion was higher than those without religion (p.001). Second, family intimacy directly affected elderly people's attitudes toward dementia and elderly care, old people's attitudes toward dementia and attitudes toward dementia directly affected elderly care. Third, family intimacy (parent-child) was found to be 7.8% for older adults, 20.2% for family intimacy and attitudes toward dementia, and 34.1% for elderly care (p.<.001). Fourth, it has been verified that the absolute value of attitudes toward dementia and elderly people's awareness of elderly people and attitudes between family intimacy and elderly care has been higher than 1.96 and thus acts as a mediating role. These findings are intended to contribute to the welfare of senior citizens' education to improve the quality of life for senior citizens through the resolution of conflicts between generations, as well as the resolution of positive stimulus, by developing various programs such as family friendship, elderly awareness, culture with parents, and various experiences to improve attitudes toward dementia in early adolescence.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.485-503
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• 2012

Academic engagement has been known as a strong predictor of students' cognitive and affective outcomes in an educational context. Despite increasing interest and theoretical usefulness of this construct, a few researchers seem to be interested in the validation of instruments to measure academic engagement for Korean students. Thus, this study would like to introduce one of academic scales widely used, UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student) (Schaufeli et al., 2002a: 2002b) and to validate the UWES-S for Korean college students. To validate the Korean version of the UWES-S, 651 college students (285 for Field Trial, 366 for Main Study) were used. The procedure is as follows. First, we used an integrated adaptation procedure to produce a Korean version of the UWES-S. Second, EFA(exploratory factor analyses) was applied to explore the factor structure of the UWES-S on the field trial data. Third, the psychometric properties of the UWES-S items were examined by graded response model(GRM). Also CFA(confirmatory factor analysis) was used to examine its internal construct validity for the data from the main study. Finally, the external validity of the UWES-S was scrutinized with the related variables such as academic motivation and satisfaction. As a result, the Korean version of the UWES-S with 13 items was accepted that the four items were excluded from its original version. Second, the internal validity was supported that the 3 factor CFA model(vigor, dedication, absorption) fit the data well. Third, we supported the partial mediation model that academic engagement played as a mediating variable between academic motivation(internal/external) and academic satisfaction. Finally, the differences between a validation of UWES-S for Korean college and high school students, the necessity of construct equivalence testing, and direction for future research of scale validating were discussed.