• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of current study is to evaluate the response of the patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) or hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). In addition, survival of patients and potential prognostic factors of the survival was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven patients with PVT or HVT in HCC, referred to our department for radiotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. For 3D-CRT plans, a gross tumor volume (GTV) was defined as a hypodense filling defect area in the portal vein (PV) or hepatic vein (HV). Survival of patients, and response to radiation therapy (RT) were analyzed. Potential prognostic factors for survival and response to RT were evaluated. Results: The median survival time of 47 patients was 8 months, with 1-year survival rate of 15% and response rate of 40%. Changes in Child-Pugh score, response to RT, Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status (ECOG PS), hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) positivity, and additional post RT treatment were statistically significant prognostic factors for survival in univariate analysis (p = 0.000, p = 0.018, p = 0.000, p = 0.013, and p = 0.047, respectively). Of these factors, changes in Child-Pugh score, and response to RT were significant for patients' prognosis in multivariate analysis (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: RT could constitute a reasonable treatment option for patients with PVT or HVT in HCC with acceptable toxicity. Changes in Child-Pugh score, and response to RT were statistically significant factors of survival of patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1755-1758
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• 2016

Background: Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in bladder cancer (BC) patients. We evaluated the impact of preoperative anemia on oncologic outcomes in BC undergoing transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) for the first time diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data collected from 639 patients who underwent TURBT between January 2006 and September 2014 in our department. Of these patients, 320 qualified for inclusion in the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was the effect of preoperative anemia status on cancer-specific and overall survival. Independent t-test and chi-square analyses were performed to assess the effects of anemia on oncologic outcomes. Survival was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier test. Results: There were 118 (36.9%) and 202 (63.1%) patients in the anemia (Group-1) and non-anemia groups (Group-2), respectively. The median follow-up duration was 68 months. Anemia was associated with decreased overall survival (p<0.001). Comparison between cancer-specific survival of two groups did not show any statistically significant difference (p=0.17). Conclusions: Preoperative anemia status of BC patients according to World Health Organization classification is associated with decreased overall survival, but not with cancer-specific survival. We think that preoperative hemoglobin levels should be considered in patient counseling and decision-making for additional therapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2022

Objective: Percutaneous portal vein (PV) stent placement can be an effective treatment for symptoms associated with portal hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PV stenting on the overall survival (OS) in patients with malignant PV stenosis. Materials and Methods: Two groups of patients with malignant PV stenosis were compared in this retrospective study involving two institutions. A total of 197 patients who underwent PV stenting between November 2016 and August 2019 were established as the stent group, whereas 29 patients with PV stenosis who were treated conservatively between July 2013 and October 2016 constituted the no-stent group. OS was compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Risk factors associated with OS were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Procedure-associated adverse events were also evaluated. Results: The stent group finally included 100 patients (median age, 65 [interquartile range, 58-71] years; 64 male). The no-stent group included 22 patients (69 [61-75] years, 13 male). Stent placement was successful in 95% of attempted cases, and the 1- and 2-year stent occlusion-free survival rate was 56% (95% confidence interval, 45%-69%) and 44% (32%-60%), respectively. The median stent occlusion-free survival time was 176 (interquartile range, 70-440) days. OS was significantly longer in the stent group than in the no-stent group (median 294 vs. 87 days, p < 0.001 before PSM, p = 0.011 after PSM). The 1- and 3-year OS rates before PSM were 40% and 11%, respectively, in the stent group. The 1-year OS rate after PSM was 32% and 5% in the stent and no-stent groups, respectively. Anemia requiring transfusion (n = 2) and acute thrombosis necessitating re-stenting (n = 1) occurred in three patients in the stent group within 1 week. Conclusion: Percutaneous placement of a PV stent may be effective in improving OS in patients with malignant PV stenosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

목 적: 국소적으로 진행된 식도암에서 동시항암화학요법 후 국소제어, 생존율, 예후인자 및 실패양상에 대해 알아 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 6월부터 2008년 8월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 국소적으로 진행된 식도암으로 진단받은 후, 근치적 목적의 동시항암화학방사선치료를 시행 받은 50명 중 추적검사가 이루어지지 않은 2명과 적절한 추적검사가 이루어지지 않아 치료의 효과를 판정할 수 없는 5명은 제외한 43명을 대상으로 하였다. 성별 구성은 남성 39명, 여성 4명이었고 연령분포는 43세에서 78세(중앙값, 63세), TNM 병기는 IIA기 7명(16.3%), III기 36명(83.7%)이었다. 방사선치료는 1.8 Gy씩 1일 1회, 주 5회로 방사선을 46~63 Gy(평균, 54 Gy)의 외부방사선을 조사하였다. 선행 항암화학요법을 시행 받은 환자는 8명이었고 동시항암화학치료는 주로 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin을 3회 사용하였다. 추적관찰 기간은 2개월에서 82개월로 중앙값이 15.5개월이었다. 결 과: 전체환자 43명 중에서 완전 관해는 9명(20.9%), 부분 관해는 23명(53.5%), 무반응 9명(20.9%), 진행이 2명(4.7%)이었다. 전체 환자의 중앙생존기간은 15개월이었고, 2년 및 5년 전체생존율은 36.5%, 17.3%이었으며, 2년 및 5년 무병생존율은 각각 32.4%, 16%였다. 43영의 환자 중에서 22명 (51.2%)에서 치료 실패를 보였고, 치료 실패 양상으로는 국소 재발 및 진행이 18명(41.9%), 원격전이가 4명(9.3%)이었다. 전체생존율 및 무병생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 단변량분석상 항암화학방사선치료 시의 혈색소 수치 (${\geq}$12 vs. <12, p=0.02/p=0.1)와 치료에 대한 반응 여부(완전관해 및 부분관해 vs. 무반응 및 병의 진행, p=0.002/p<0.0001)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 다변량분석에서는 치료에 대한 반응 여부만이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 환자의 나이, 성별, 병기, 흡연의 과거력, 식도 내 종양의 위치 및 선행항암화학요법의 유무에 따른 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론: 국소적으로 진행된 식도암의 동시 항암화학방사선치료 후 생존율은 다른 연구들과 유사한 수준이며 주된 재발 양상은 국소 재발이었다. 그러므로. 국소제어율을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 연구가 향후 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 1993

1985년 1월부터 1992년 7월까지 경북대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 화학요법후 방사선치료를 받은 국소진행된 비인강암 환자 52명을 대상으로 화학요법의 효과를 판정하기 위하여 후향적 조사를 실시하였다. 남녀성비는 3.3:1이었고 중앙연령은 41세였다. 병리조직학소견은 40예에서 편평세포암이었고, 나머지 12예에서는 미분화세포암이었다. AJC병기에 따른 분류는 III기가 7예였고, 나머지 45예는 IV기였다. 모든환자는 2회의 화학요법후 방사선치료를 받았으며 사용된 화학요법 제재는 CVB (cyclo-phosphamide+vincristine+ bleomycin)이나 CF (cicplantin+5-FU)였다. 방사선조사량은 원발병소에 6000~7500 cGy, 임파절은 병의 정도에 따라 최대 7000 cGy까지 조사하였다. 국소관해율, 생존율 및 무병생존율을 분석하였다. 화학요법에 대한 완전관해율은 $15\%,$ 부분관해율은 $46\%$였으며 방사선치료후 완전관해율은 $87\%$였다. 중앙추적기간은 51개월 이었으며 3년 생존율 및 무병생존율은 각각 $54\%$와 $49\%$였다. 중앙재발기간은 15개월이었으며 완전관해 후 재발의 양상은 국소재발단독이 12예, 원격전이단독이 11예, 국소재발 및 원격 전이가 2예였다. Cox's multivariate regression model에 따르면 임파절전이 유무가 무병생존율에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 예후인자이었다(p=0.001). 다른 보고에서의 방사선 단독치료의 결과와 비교하여 볼 때 화학요법에 대한 종양의 반응율은 높으나 화학요법 및 방사선치료가 국소관해율 및 생존율의 향상으로는 연결되지는 않았다. 결론적으로 진행된 비인강암에서의 화학요법은 좀더많은 비교대조군 연구(controlled clinical trial)를 통해서만 역 할을 이야기할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10505-10508
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of death among women. One way of classifying different forms of breast cancer is by molecular features, usually in terms of the four subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple negative. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between molecular subtypes and survival among breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The subjects were 272 breast cancer patients who had received treatment in the radiotherapy unit at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand, between 1 January, 1999, and 31 May, 2009. The end of the study was 1 June, 2014. Overall survival was defined as the time elapsing between initial registration at the radiotherapy unit and death or the end of the study. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and a multivariate analysis was performed using Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results: The patient mean age was $47.5{\pm}10.4$ at the time of diagnosis. Of the 272 patients, 146 (53.7%) were classified as luminal A, 12 (4.4%) as luminal B, 30 (11.0%) as HER2-enriched, and 84 (30.9%) as triple negative. The overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87.1%, 68.4% and 59.2%, respectively. According to molecular subtypes, HER2-enriched patients had the lowest 5-year survival rate (30.0 %, 95%CI: 15.02-46.55). The median follow-up time was 8.37 years. In the Cox model analysis a higher risk of death was found for patients with HER2-enriched ($HR_{adj}=3.34$, 95%CI:1.96-5.67), triple negative ($HR_{adj}=2.17$, 95%CI: 1.44-3.27), and stage IIlB ($HR_{adj}=2.20$, 95%CI: 1.16-4.17) cancers. Conclusions: The worst survival rates were among patients classified as HER2-enriched, triple negative and at stage IIIB. Early detection and an advanced treatment modality are needed to help these patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7193-7196
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• 2013

Ovarian cancer patients need a surveillance program for the detection of tumor progression after completion of treatment. The methods generally consist of history taking, physical examination, tumor marker monitoring and imaging. However, the details of recurrence detection with each method are not well defined. To clarify this issue, ovarian cancer patients who achieved complete or partial responses and developed tumor progression at the follow up time between January 2004 and December 2010 in University Hospital Chiang Mai, Thailand, were reviewed. Clinical data, CA 125 level and imaging results at the tumor progression time were recorded and analyzed. There were 144 ovarian cancer patients meeting the inclusion criteria with the mean age of 51 years and 62.5% of them were in an advanced stage. Complete response was achieved in 89 patients (61.8%) after primary treatment. The median progression free survival and overall survival were 15.5 months and 37.5 months, respectively. Abnormal symptoms presented in 49.3% of the studied patients and 59.7% developed physical examination abnormalities. In addition, CA 125 was elevated in 89.6% while in 74.3% of tumor progression was identified by CT-scan. Short treatment time period and a high level of CA 125 were significant independent prognostic factors in these patients. In conclusion, careful history taking, physical examination and monitoring of CA 125 levels are important methods for tumor progression detection in a surveillance program for epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), partial response, and complete response in patients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) for mycosis fungoides (MF). Also, we sought to find prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Total 19 patients confirmed with MF between 1999-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and treatment characteristics, clinical outcomes, and and toxicities were analyzed. Results: Eleven patients were treated with total skin electron beam radiotherapy (TSEBT) and 8 patients with involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) with median dose of 30 Gy, respectively. The median time interval from diagnosis to RT was 2.6 months (range, 0.4 to 87.3 months). The overall response rate was 100%; 11 patients (57.9%) had a complete response and 8 patients (42.1%) a partial response. The presence of positive lymph node at the time of consultation of RT was associated with lower OS (p = 0.043). In multivariate analysis, PFS was significantly lower for patients with increased previous therapies experienced following RT (p = 0.019) and for patients showing PR during RT (p = 0.044). There were no reported grade 3 or more skin toxicities related with RT. Conclusion: Both IFRT and TSEBT are effective treatment for MF patients. Patients with short disease course before RT or complete response during RT are expected to have longer PFS. Positive lymph node status at the initiation of RT was associated woth poor OS, suggesting other treatment modalities such as low-dose RT for patients with low life-expectancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5483-5488
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• 2015

Purpose: To compare perioperative outcomes and oncologic outcomes in endometrial cancer patients treated with laparotomy, and laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Materials and Methods: Endometrial cancer patients who underwent primary surgery from January 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative outcomes, including estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time, number of lymph nodes retrieved, and intra and postoperative complications, were reviewed. Recovery time, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared. Results: Of the total of 218 patients, 143 underwent laparotomy, 47 laparoscopy, and 28 robotic surgery. The laparotomy group had the highest EBL (300, 200, 200 ml, p<0.05) while the robotic group had the longest operative time (302 min) as compared with laparoscopy (180 min) and laparotomy (125 min) (p<0.05). Intra and postoperative complications were not different with any of the surgical approaches. No significant difference in number of lymph nodes retrieved was identified. The longest hospital stay was reported in the laparotomy group (four days) but there was no difference between the laparoscopy (three days) and robotic (three days) groups. Recovery was significantly faster in robotic group than laparotomy group (14 and 28 days, p =0.003). No significant difference in DFS and OS at 21 months of median follow up time was observed among the three groups. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery has more favorable outcomes, including lower blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery time than laparotomy. It also has equivalent perioperative complications and short term oncologic outcomes. MIS is feasible as an alternative option to surgery of endometrial cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4735-4739
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• 2016

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA) is an aggressive tumor for which surgical resection is a mainstay of treatment. However, recurrence after resection is common associated with a poor prognosis. Studies regarding recurrence of mass-forming IHCCA are rare; therefore, we investigated the pattern with our dataset. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical and pathological records of 50 mass-forming IHCCA patients who underwent hepatic resection between January 2004 and December 2009 in order to determine the patterns of recurrence and prognosis. All demographic and operative parameters were analyzed for their effects on recurrence-free survival. Results: The median recurrence-free survival time was 188 days (95%CI: 149-299). The respective 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 16.2% (95%CI: 6.6-29.4), 5.4% (95%CI: 1.0-15.8) and 2.7% (95%CI: 0.2-12.0). There was an equal distribution of recurrence at solitary and multiple sites. Univariate analysis revealed no factors related to recurrence-free survival.Conclusion: The overall survival and recurrence-free survival after surgery for mass-forming IHCCA were found to be very poor. Almost all recurrences were detected within 2 years after surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery may add benefit in the affected patients.