• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2008

목적: 경막외 모르핀 주입을 시행 받은 호스피스 병동의 암환자에서 통증 조절의 효율성과 안전성, 합병증에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 3월부터 2004년 3월까지 3년간 성빈센트병원 호스피스 병동에 입원한 환자 중 경막외 모르핀 주입을 시행한 24명에 대해 환자의 일반 특성과 모르핀 등가용량, 기저 질환, 도관의 거치기간 등에 대해 후향 적으로 자료 분석하였다. 결과: 환자들은 위암, 췌장암이 각각 5명으로 가장 많았으며 경막외 모르핀 주입 부위는 흉추가 15명으로 가장 많았다. 시행 당시의 기저 모르핀 등가 용량(morphine equivalent daily dose, MEDD)은 615 mg이었다. 경막외 모르핀 주입을 시행 받고 1주일 뒤의 MEDD는 274 mg으로 효과적인 통증 조절이 가능하였다(P-value=0.000). 경막외 도관을 제거한 환자는 6명으로 이중 3명은 재 삽입하였다. 도관의 감염으로 인하여 제거한 환자는 2명이었다. 결론: 호스피스 병동에서 시행한 경막외 지속적 모르핀 주입은 진행한 암 환자의 통증 조절에 효율적이었으며 도관의 위치 변동, 감염으로 인하여 제거한 경우가 있었으나 조절 가능한 합병증이었다. 다만 1일 주사용 모르핀 요구량이 100 mg일 때 경막하 모르핀 주입법을 통한 통증 조절을 권하더라도 동의를 얻는데 걸리는 기간 중 기저 질환의 악화 등으로 인한 투여 모르핀 용량의 증량으로 경막외 모르핀 주입 당시 평균 MEDD는 615 mg이었다. 향후 환자 및 보호자들에게 경막외 모르핀 주입의 효율성과 안전성에 대한 정보 제공이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7167-7170
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• 2015

Background: Although 3D image based brachytherapy is currently the standard of treatment in cervical cancer, most of the centres in developing countries still practice orthogonal intracavitary brachytherapy due to financial constraints. The quest for optimum dose and fractionation schedule in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is still ongoing. While the American Brachytherapy Society recommends four to eight fractions of each less than 7.5 Gy, there are some studies demonstrating similar efficacy and comparable toxicity with higher doses per fraction. Objective: To assess the treatment efficacy and late complications of HDR ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective institutional study in Southern India carried on from $1^{st}$ June 2012 to $31^{st}$ July 2014. In this period, 76 patients of cervical cancer satisfying our inclusion criteria were treated with concurrent chemo-radiation following ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions, five to seven days apart. Results: The median follow-up period in the study was 24 months (range 10.6 - 31.2 months). The 2 year actuarial local control rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were 88.1%, 84.2% and 81.8% respectively. Although 38.2% patients suffered from late toxicity, only 3 patients had grade III late toxicity. Conclusions: In our experience, HDR brachytherapy with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is an effective dose fractionation for the treatment of cervical cancer with acceptable toxicity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

Purpose: The effectiveness of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients is increasingly reported, but there is no definite consensus on its application. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with better outcomes of TRT among patients with ES-SCLC, focusing on whether a higher TRT dose could improve treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 85 patients with ES-SCLC who received TRT between January 2008 and June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Eligibility criteria were a biological effective dose with α/β = 10 (BED) higher than 30 Gy₁₀ and completion of planned radiotherapy. Results: During a median follow-up of 5.3 months, 68 patients (80.0%) experienced disease progression. In univariate analysis, a BED >50 Gy₁₀ was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival (OS; 40.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.006), progression-free survival (PFS; 15.9% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.004), and intrathoracic PFS (IT-PFS; 39.3% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.004) at 1 year. In multivariate analysis, a BED >50 Gy₁₀ remained a significant prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.502; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.287-0.876; p = 0.015), PFS (HR = 0.453; 95% CI, 0.265-0.773; p = 0.004), and IT-PFS (HR = 0.331; 95% CI, 0.171-0.641; p = 0.001). Response to the last chemotherapy was also associated with better OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: A TRT dose of BED >50 Gy₁₀ may be beneficial for patients with ES-SCLC. Further studies are needed to select patients who will most benefit from high-dose TRT.

• 지질공학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2019

휴대용 감마선분광분석기를 이용하여 괴산지역 옥천하부천매암대(og2) 주변 일대 77개 지점에서 감마선량을 측정하였다. 전체 시료의 ⁴⁰K 함량은 1.8-8.8% 범위(평균 4.6%)로 Kgr에서 함량이 가장 높았으 며, eU의 함량 범위는 0.2-217.9 ppm (평균 16.7 ppm)인데 og2에서 가장 높았으며(중앙값 29.6 ppm)다. eTh의 함량 범위는 11.9-76.5 ppm (평균 29.5 ppm) 이었는데 Kgr의 평균 함량은 45.4 ppm으로 og1, og2, og3의 함량(26.6-30.6 ppm)보다 높았다. og2에 속하는 일부 고 우라늄 지점을 제외한 연구지역의 감마선량에 기여하는 방사성물질은 ⁴⁰K가 절대적이다. 연구지역의 옥외 유효선량률은 0.08-1.71 mSv/y (평균 0.28 mSv/y)의 범위로 나타났다. 유효선량률이 1 mSv를 넘는 지점은 함 우라늄 층이 협재된 og2의 덕평리지역 3지점이며 이를 제외한 나머지 대부분 지역은 정상적인 자연방사선지역에 해당한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.681-689
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• 2023

Objective: Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) is increasingly used for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs); however, radiation exposure to the lens is a concern. We investigated the effect of head off-centering by adjusting table height on the lens dose during 3D-RA and its feasibility in patient examination. Materials and Methods: The effect of head off-centering during 3D-RA on the lens radiation dose at various table heights was investigated using a RANDO head phantom (Alderson Research Labs). We prospectively enrolled 20 patients (58.0 ± 9.4 years) with IAs who were scheduled to undergo bilateral 3D-RA. In all patients' 3D-RA, the lens dose-reduction protocol involving elevation of the examination table was applied to one internal carotid artery, and the conventional protocol was applied to the other. The lens dose was measured using photoluminescent glass dosimeters (GD-352M, AGC Techno Glass Co., LTD), and radiation dose metrics were compared between the two protocols. Image quality was quantitatively analyzed using source images for image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio. Additionally, three reviewers qualitatively assessed the image quality using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The phantom study showed that the lens dose was reduced by an average of 38% per 1 cm increase in table height. In the patient study, the dose-reduction protocol (elevating the table height by an average of 2.3 cm) led to an 83% reduction in the median dose from 4.65 mGy to 0.79 mGy (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between dose-reduction and conventional protocols in the kerma area product (7.34 vs. 7.40 Gy·cm², P = 0.892), air kerma (75.7 vs. 75.1 mGy, P = 0.872), and image quality. Conclusion: The lens radiation dose was significantly affected by table height adjustment during 3D-RA. Intentional head off-centering by elevation of the table is a simple and effective way to reduce the lens dose in clinical practice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2005

목적: 악성종양에 의한 상대정맥증후군에서 방사선치료 후의 증상완화율, 생존율, 예후인자를 알아보기 위해 연구를 시행 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1988년부터 2003년까지 계명의대 동산의료원 방사선종양학과에서 상대정맥증후군으로 방사선치료를 받고 추적관찰이 가능했던 72명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 64명, 여자가 8명이었으며 연령은 10세에서 83세로 평균 61세였고 원인으로는 폐암 64명, 전이성 폐암 4명, 림프종 2명, 흉선종 2명이었다. 방사선 치료는 모든 환자를 900 cGy 이상 조사하였으며 총방사선량이 6,600 cGy까지 조사하여 중앙값은 4,000 cGy였다. 추적기간은 1개월에서 180개월로 중앙값 5.6개월이었다. 결과: 주증상은 호흡곤란 $84.7\%$, 안면부종 $81.9\%$, 팔부종 $22.2\%$, 경정맥확장 $25\%$, 애성 $12.5\%$, 안면홍조 $5.6\%$순이었다. 방사선치료 후 $80.6\%$에서 매우 우수(excellent)또는 우수(good)한 증상완화를 보였고 $19.4\%$에서는 변화가 없거나 경미한(minimal) 증상완화가 있었다. 전체 환자의 중앙생존기간은 5.1개월이었고 2년 생존율은 $17.7\%$, 5년 생존율은 $14.8\%$이었다. 폐암환자에서는 각각 4.3개월, $16.7\%$, $13.4\%$였다. 단변량분석에서 폐암환자는 총방사선량을 30 Gy초과로 조사 받은 군이 그 미만의 방사선을 조사 받은 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 생존율의 차이를 보였다(2YSR; 30 Gy 초과 $25.6\%$, 30 Gy 이하 $6.7\%$, p<0.01). 다변량분석에서도 폐암에 의한 상대정맥증후군의 예후인자로는 총방사선량(p<0.01)과 연령(p<0.05)이 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 비소세포성폐암이 소세포성폐암보다 생존율이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결과: 악성종양에 의한 상대정맥증후군에서 방사선치료는 효과적인 치료방법이며 폐암으로 인한 상대정맥증후군에서 총방사선량을 30 Gy 이상 조사하는 적극적인 치료로 생존율이 연장될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) has been evaluated against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of Euphorbia hirta was effective in reducing solid tumor mass development induced by EAC cells. It exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in mice, when used at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day i.p., for 14days. The administration of Euphorbia hirta (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) of the life span (59.9%) of ascites tumor bearing mice as compared to the control group. After 14 days, on developed tumor masses, Euphorbia hirta administration brought about significant reduction in tumor volume and it reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, responding to tumor inoculation. The results are indicative of the anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta against EAC induced tumor in a dose dependent manner.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2018

Objective : Choroidal metastases (CMs) are the most common intraocular tumor. Management is mainly radiation therapy with goals of pain control and visual improvement. However, many radiation-related complications are reported. Since gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for CM was first reported in 1995, few cases have been reported. We report 7 cases of CMs treated with GKS. Methods : From April 2011 to November 2014, 7 patients with CM underwent GKS. Their median age at treatment was 64 years (range, 51-71 years). Four males and three females were treated. Lung cancer was the most common primary pathology, followed by renal cell carcinoma and stomach cancer. Four patients had multiple cerebral lesions and were treated simultaneously for choroidal lesions. The median marginal dose of 20 Gy (range, 15-25 Gy) was administered at the 50% isodose line. Results : Median follow-up period after GKS was 8 months (range, 2-38.3 months). Four patients expired due to underlying malignancy progression. Except for two patients who were not followed with magnetic resonance image after GKS, all patients showed size reduction in the treated lesions, but a new choroidal lesion appeared in one patient and one recurred. Six of seven patients reported subjectively improved visual symptoms. Visual acuity improved in 2 patients, and 2 were stable upon objective examination. One patient showed no improvement in visual acuity, but ocular pain was relieved; another patient showed improved vision and tumor remission, but visual deterioration recurred. Conclusion : GKS was shown to be safe and effective and should be considered for CM treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

Purpose: There has been no definite consensus on standard treatment, either local or systemic, for the Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Radiotherapy (RT) can be a good local therapeutic choice especially in non-AIDS associated KS (NAKS) for its indolent behavior. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 17 KS patients treated with RT at the Seoul National University Hospital from February 1998 to January 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. One human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patient with 3 lesions was excluded. The total number of the lesion was 23 among the 16 patients. The median follow-up period was 27.9 months. Correlation between response and variables was analyzed using the logistic regression model. Median age of the patients was 75 years. All the 23 lesions were located at the extremities. Fourteen (61%) of those had pain or local swelling as the initial presentation. Ten patients had possible causes of immunodeficiency and were regarded as iatrogenic, and other 6 were classic KS. Median dose of RT was 36 Gy. Results: No KS-related death was observed. Excluding 2 with short-term follow-up only, complete response and partial response were obtained in 2 (9%) and 19 (73%) lesions, respectively. Of those, 3 lesions underwent local progression. Six had out-of-field recurrence after RT. Symptom improvement was achieved in 13 (93%) of 14 patients. Grade 2 skin toxicities were found in 9 lesions but all got improvement after treatment. When divided into responsive and progressive group, free from progression was not related to any of the possible variables. Conclusion: RT is effective in local control of NAKS resulting great response rate.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) for the palliation of uterine cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, who underwent palliative hypofractionated 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy between January 2002 and June 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. RT was delivered to symptomatic lesions (both the primary mass and/or metastatic regional lymph nodes). The total dose was 20 to 25 Gy (median, 25 Gy) in 5 Gy daily fractions. Results: The median follow-up duration was 12.2 months (range, 4 to 24 months). The median survival time was 7.8 months (range, 4 to 24 months). Vaginal bleeding was the most common presenting symptom followed by pelvic pain (9 patients). The overall response rates were 93.8% and 66.7% for vaginal bleeding control and pelvic pain, respectively. Nine patients did not have any acute side effects and 7 patients showed minor gastrointestinal toxicity. Only 1 patient had grade 3 diarrhea 1 week after completion of treatment, which was successfully treated conservatively. Late complications occurred in 4 patients; however, none of these were of grade 3 or higher severity. Conclusion: Short-course hypofractionated RT was effective and well tolerated as palliative treatment for uterine cervical cancer.