• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.200-205
• /
• 2018

This retrospective study is designed to compare the clinical results of tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) and anti-rotation suture (ARS) treatments for medial patellar luxation (MPL). Medical records of 133 dogs were reviewed that had undergone surgical correction of MPL between January 2013 and May 2017. MPL correction was performed on 182 stifles, with TTT and ARS being performed on 101 stifles and 81 stifles. The common dog breeds receiving surgical treatment for MPL were Maltese, Pomeranian, Chihuahua and Poodle. Mean age of dogs with MPL was 32.6 months, and their mean body weight was 4.26 kg. Seventy dogs (52.6%) were male and 63 (47.4%) were female. Of the 182 stifles with MPL, grade II, III and IV were 18.7%, 72.0% and 9.3%. Total complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 16.8% and 29.6%. Major complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 5.9% and 12.3%, minor complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 10.9% and 17.3%. The risk of complication and reluxation rate after TTT were significantly lower than that for ARS (p < 0.05). However, the rate of reluxation among dogs treated by ARS (1.2%) for grade II MPL was significantly lower than that for dogs treated by ARS (8.6%) for grade III MPL (p < 0.05). The TTT group had a shorter recovery period after surgical intervention than that in the ARS group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TTT had a significantly lower incidence of complication and a shorter recovery period than ARS. However, ARS for grade II MPL appears to be a good surgical option for reducing the rate of reluxation after surgery. These results of this study could be used to provide therapeutic guidelines for surgical MPL correction in small-breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2015

Medial patellar luxation (MPL) of dog is one of the most common joint diseases. This study performed to know rehabilitative effect after reconstruction as application with intramuscular electrostimulation (IMES) on the cranial part of sartorius muscle. In this study, the 12 dogs with operated medial luxation divided into electrostimulation group (n = 8) and no electrostimulation group (n = 4) measured affected sided range of motion, muscle mass, lameness score and weight bearing for hospitalization 2 weeks. IMES group showed significant results after operation on 5th day (p < 0.01). Except lameness score, IMES group showed significant results on 10th day (p < 0.05). As results, in small sized dog after reconstruction of MPL, IMES on the cranial part of sartorius muscle considered a great help in the initial rehabilitation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.251-254
• /
• 2015

A 3-year-old castrated male Spitz dog (8.4 kg) was referred for hindlimb lameness. The dog had undergone corrective surgery for bilateral medial patellar luxation 6 weeks prior to presentation. Intermittent lameness of both hind limbs was evident on general inspection. Physical examination revealed moderate pain and crepitus upon flexion and extension of the stifle joints. Radiography revealed features consistent with distal deviation of the cartilage flaps and effusion in both stifle joints. Detachment and deviation of both osteochondral blocks were suspected based on the physical and radiographic findings. Arthroscopy confirmed failed osteochondral blocks (right $1.5cm{\times}0.9cm{\times}0.2cm$, left $1.3cm{\times}0.9cm{\times}0.1cm$), which were removed. After removal of the osteochondral blocks, the stepped trochlear grooves were located and debrided using an arthroscopic burr, to prevent patellar tracking disorder. The dog resumed normal ambulation without medial patellar luxation 2 weeks postoperatively, and there were no complications. Arthroscopy is an effective surgical modality for the diagnosis and treatment of canine joint disorders. It offers a magnified view of the joint, which allows accurate evaluation of intra-articular structures. In addition, arthroscopic surgery can reduce the postoperative complications associated with surgical wound.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2014

This is a retrospective study describing postoperative complication encountered with surgery performed in dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). During the 4-year period, 77 operations had been performed in 66 dogs for correction of MPL. The patients were surgically treated with medial soft tissue release, lateral soft tissue tightening, trochlear block recession, and/or tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT). Their prognoses were periodically evaluated for 6 months postoperatively. The failure rate was higher in revision surgery than in the first surgery, and the most common postoperative complication was migration of the tibial tuberosity fragment. The causes for the migration of the tibial tuberosity fragment were identified as the downward insertion of a surgical pin, the eccentric position of an inserted pin in the tibial tuberosity fragment, and blunt angle formation of the tibial tuberosity. It is suggested that the appropriate methods for TTT could minimize complications and lead to a good prognosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.497-500
• /
• 1999

A 4 years old male mixed breed dog, which weighed 25.5 kg, referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine in Chonnam National University, because of chronic hindleg lameness. Click sound by flexion and extension of stifle joint, positive reaction by cranial drawer movement, fat pad sign and tibial position in cranial drawer position on the lateral radiographic view, medial patellar luxation (grade II), and lameness score 2.5 at standing and 2 at walking in right hindleg were showed. Under general anesthesia with enflurane, after medial arthrotomy, it was performed to remove remnants of cranial cruciate ligament and torn medial menisci and joint closed. In modified retinacular imbrication technique, one lateral fabellar/tuberosity suture, one medial fabellar/tuberosity suture, and one imbrication suture adjacent to the patella were placed. At 9 days after operation, lameness score 0 was observed and general condition was excellent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.1.1-1.8
• /
• 2022

Rehabilitation treatments after orthopedic surgery promote postoperative healing in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is increased interest in rehabilitation treatments because they are potentially beneficial to animals in the post-operation period. This study examined the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in dogs that underwent orthopedic surgeries, including femoral head & neck ostectomy (FHNO) and medial patellar luxation treatment (MPLT). The group that received the rehabilitation treatment after FHNO (1.88 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 6.62 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (8.50 weeks). The other group that received the rehabilitation treatment after MPLT (4.38 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 5.01 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (9.39 weeks). For the qualitative evaluation, the types and frequencies of rehabilitation treatments were monitored. The rehabilitation programs used frequently were heat therapy, laser therapy, passive range of motion, exercise therapy, and aquatic therapy. A standard rehabilitation program after hindlimb surgery was suggested based on the quantitative and qualitative investigation. The results add additional evidence that showed the beneficial effects of rehabilitation treatments in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2019

Wii^® balance board (WBB) is a device that can measure and record body sway. This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of WBB in small sized dog as inexpensive, portable and convenient tool. The center of pressure path length (CPPL) and 95% confidence ellipse area (Area 95) were evaluated with only two plates of WBB. The parameters were evaluated between no load (0 kg) and mass group (0.25-4 kg on each one plate). 23 dogs (2.3-7.3 kg) were evaluated for with hindlimb standing for 10 seconds. The mass group showed a significant value in comparison to the no load during the measurement. And intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between CPPL and Area 95 revealed very high both mass and dog group. In the evaluation of medial patellar luxation (MPL) as a diagnostic tool, 80 dogs with MPL and 23 non-affected dogs were used. In studies of CPPL and Area 95, significant differences were found between non-affected and MPL groups for 10 and 30 seconds, respectively. The WBB can be used as a valid tool for evaluating hind limb standing balance and can be useful as an objective tool to present clinical results in small sized dog with MPL.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.439-444
• /
• 2014

A 5-year-old, 2.7 kg female maltese dog was presented a local veterinary clinic with one week history of hindlimb lameness associated with patellar luxation. Reduction of bilateral medial patellar luxation was operated using trochlear resection and lateral reinforcement technique. Three weeks after the surgery, the dog showed bending spine with pain in thoracic and lumbar region, continuous ataxia and intermittent convulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning revealed a hyperintense mass in right frontal lobe of brain and abnormal cavitation from cervical cord to third lumbar cord. Histopathologically, neoplasm in brain composed of meningothelial cells showed loosely reticular or lace-like morphology with numerous extracellular cystic spaces of variable size and shape. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and negative for neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Irregular shaped enlarge central canal-like cavity was existed in cervical and lumbar cords. In our best knowledge, this report described the clinical findings, imaging and histopathologic characteristics of unusual intracranial microcystic meningioma with secondary syringomyelia in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2015

We evaluated outcomes of dogs surgically treated for grade 2 or 3 medial patellar luxation (MPL) with and without trochleoplasty. A retrospective study of 63 dogs with grade 2 or 3 MPL surgically treated with or without trochleoplasty was performed. Results of radiographic evaluation were expressed numerically as degenerative joint disease score and were compared between the groups with and without trochleoplasty. The study included 7 (7/68, 10.3%) cases of reluxation and 1 case of tibial tuberosity transposition implant failure. Reluxation and complications requiring additional surgery were confirmed in 3 cases (3/47, 6.4%) in trochleoplasty group and in 1 case (1/21, 4.8%) in nontrochleoplasty group. The nontrochleoplasty group showed a shorter recovery time than the trochleoplasty group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in degenerative joint disease scores over time between the groups, with nontrochleoplasty group having lower scores (P < 0.05). This study suggests that surgical treatment without trochleoplasty results in favorable outcomes compared to treatment with trochleoplasty. It is not mandatory to exclude trochleoplasty when performing surgery for grade 2 or 3 MPL, but we propose that surgical treatment without trochleoplasty is one option when choosing a combination of surgical techniques.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.342-344
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to report the signalment, history, and outcome of modified retinacular imbrication technique (MRIT) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs. Nine dogs (12 stifles) presented with chronic hindlimb lameness associated with CCLR. They were 7 males and 2 females. Six were Yorkshire terriers. Mean age was 8 years (range,2 to 14 years), and mean weight was 5.6kg (range, $1.8{\sim}19kg$). Three dogs had bilateral CCLR and six dogs had unilateral CCLR (2 left stifles and 4 right stifles). Nine stifles (8 dogs) had concomitant patellar medial luxation. Surgery was performed in eight stifles (5 dogs) and recovery rate of 100%. Three stifles (2 dogs) were underwent simultaneously femoral trochleoplasty. Mean time to the normal gait after surgery was 30 days. There were not postoperative complications.