• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.16-22
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• 2024

Greenhouse provides opportunities to have big yield effectively and efficiently. However, many resources are required, such as fertigation, a kind of solution of nutrient. Resources supply is essential to cultivate crops. Inadequate supply will hinder plant growth whereas the surplus results in waste. In this paper, we are especially interested in the fertigation supply. Further, excess fertigation leads to drainage which is difficult to purify and threatens the environment. To address this challenge, we aim to predict the desired amount of fertigation. To achieve this objective, we first establish a prototype to record the climate conditions inside a rose greenhouse using Internet of Things sensors. Simultaneously, the desired fertigation amount is obtained with the help of weight scale and historical data of fertigation supply and drainage. Second, a method is proposed to predict the desired fertigation by taking the sensors' data as input, with a time-series model. Extensive experimental results suggest the potential of our objective and method. To be specific, our method achieves an average MAE 0.032 in the validation datasets.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2009

Meta-thinking is a kind of thinking beyond certain scope or border, which sees objects as an expanded definition exceeding its essence. It can be experienced when people come into contact with new things. As for digital media, experience acquired from computer screen makes users' thinking be changed continuously and help their thinking to be expanded. Today, studies on development of digital technology regarding virtual reality (VR) and experience obtained from digital media become a topic of conversation, however, this experience depends on the sense of sight through screen. Actually, transparent experiences in digital media are not the same with those in real world, therefore, this study investigated experience expansion through interaction with real things which are much closer to daily lives than virtual experiences. It can be found in media art which induces positive participation of audiences and shows them a new meaning through delight and amusement experienced in the process of interaction. Visual expression in digital media should be more than spectacular which is only full of excessive images. In addition, interface should not be remained as an expression from technological attempts, instead, it is necessary to find humans aspiration with meta-thinking which accepts things expansively and visualize their experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 1973

p-Phenylenediamine was tetrazotized with sodium nitrite in an excess amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid media at -10$^{\circ}$C. It was also tetrazotized almost completely in 45% perchloric acid media. The two diazo groups in the tetrazonium salt were substituted by halogen, and the degree of tetrazotization reaction was observed by dihalobenzene yielded. The result of the tetrazotization was dependent upon the stability of the tetrazonium salt, and the stability was determined by concentration and quantity of the acid media. In dilute acid media the tetrazonium salt was unstable and completely decomposed. In concentrated acid media, though the tetrazonium salt was stable, tetrazotization reaction was retarded. To harmonize the two opposing tendencies it was advisable to find the optimum acidity of media at which the salt was fairly stable. About $40{\sim}45$% of the acid media was suitable. The fact that the $H^+$ ion behaved as a negative catalyst supported the assumption that the diazotization reaction is primarily a reaction between the free amine and a nitroso group. The reaction of tetrazotization is expressed with respect to the kinetics and mechanism of diazotization.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2000

Channel characteristics between the outdoor transmitter far away from the building and receivers inside the building are explored theoretically using ray tracing technique. In this paper, 29 receivers are located on the single floor of the building to observe the variation of channel properties depending on receiver location. For each receiver, amplitudes and phases of ail the possible rays form the transmitter to the receiver are traced to obtain impulse response. Statistical results for rms delay spread and power delay profiles for representative receiver location are given.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.171-174
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• 2003

Animal excreta is a useful fertilizer, because it has useful nourishments, microelements and three requistes of fertilizer(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). But, it has some problems such as generation of bad smell and excess of nitrogen. In this study, a biological tool using microorganisms was investingated. First, 61 species were isolated from soil sample. The enzyme activities of the strains such as protease, cellulase, amylase and lipase were analysed. And from a deodorization test using the isolated strains and finally three strains were selected(NA 2, NA 12, NA 15). The optimal media composition and incubation pH were statistically determined using surface-response method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1986.12a
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• pp.517.2-517
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• 1986

The regulation of 3 ammonia assimilatory enzymes GDH(glutamate dehydrogenase), GS(glutamine synthetase) and GOGAT (glutamate synthase), have been examined in C. glutamicum for the biosynthesis of glutamate and glutmine. The cell free extracts of 3 kinds of arg, his and trp auxotrophs were investigated the activities of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, GDH, GS, and GOGAT on the media cultured with nitrogen excess and limiting conditions. Trp and his howed higher level of glutamate and glutamine than that of parental strain. The inhibition of GS activities by ADP suggested that GS is regulated by energy charge in C. glutamicum. The results with his, trp, glyc, ala, ser, and GMP implied that a system of feedback inhibition were effective. Three enzyme biosynthesis is repressed by nitrogen sources such as trp, pro, glyc, ala, ser and tyrosine.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

Contaminant transport has been widely studied in rigid porous media, but there are some cases where a large volumetric stain occurs such as dewatering of dredged contaminated sediment, landfill liner, and in-situ capping. This paper presents a numerical investigation of contaminant transport coupled with large strain consolidation. Consolidation test was performed with contaminated sediments collected in Gary, Indiana, U.S. to obtain constitutive relationships, which are required for numerical simulations. Numerical results using CST2 show an excellent agreement with measured settlement and excess pore pressure. CST2 is then used to simulate contaminant transport during and after in-situ capping. Numerical simulations provide that transient advective flows caused by consolidation significantly increase the contaminant transport rate. In addition, the numerical simulations revealed that active capping with Reactive Core Mat (RCM) significantly decelerates consolidation-induced contaminant transport.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2006

The necessity of nondestructively inspecting austenitic steels, fiber-reinforced composites, and other inherently anisotropic materials has stimulated considerable interest in developing beam models for anisotropic media. The properties of slowness surface playa key role in the beam models based on the paraxial approximation. In this paper, we apply a modular multi-Gaussian beam (MMGB) model to study the effects of material anisotropy on ultrasonic beam profile. It is shown that the anisotropic effects of beam skew and excess beam divergence enter into the MMGB model through parameters defining the slope and curvature of the slowness surface. The overall beam profile is found when the quasilongitudinal(qL) beam propagates in the symmetry plane of transversely isotropic austenitic steels. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effects of these parameters on ultrasonic beam diffraction and beam skew. The MMGB calculations are also checked by comparing the anisotropy factor and beam skew angle with other analytical solutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1993

This research was performed to examined the applicability of a fixed-biofilm process for the wastewater treatment of military installations. Utilizing plastic net media, synthetic wastewater-average $BOD_5$ cocentration was $192mg/l$ treated in the three sets of reactors that have 8 hours, 6 hours, and 4 hours of hydraulic retention time. The results of this experiment showed that the biofilm was not detached easily, and the reactor was not closed by excess biomass. The average soluble $BOD_5$ concentrations of effluent were $6.0mg/l$ with 8 hours of retention time, $11.3mg/l$ with 6 hours of retention time, and $19.4mg/l$ with 4 hours of retention time. Especially it was reduced to $5.7mg/l$ in the second stage reactor with 4 hours of retention time. These resulted that the fixed-biofilm process could be adapted for the treatment of military installation wastewater.

• Water for future
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1991

The governing equation of flow in porous media is developed on the bases of the continuity equation of fluid for transient flow through a saturated-unsaturated zone, and substitution of Darcy's law. The numerical solutions are obtained by finite element method based on the Galerkin principles weighted residuals. The analysis are carried out by using the unsteady storm data observed and rainfall intensities which are obtained by using the rainfall excess model in considering of the initial losses. The functional relationships between the hydraulic conductivity, capillary pressure head and volumetric water content are applied to the flow of water through unsaturated soil varied with changes of water content.