• 제목/요약/키워드: measurement variation

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줄자를 이용한 하지부피 측정시 부위별 검사자간, 검사자내 신뢰도 측정 (Intertester and Intratester Reliability of Tape Measurement on Lower Extremities)

  • 김성중;양회송;이충휘
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2000
  • Tape measurement for evaluating edema is frequently used by clinicians. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the intertester and intratester reliability of tape measurement carried out by two physical therapists on lower extremities. The intertester and intratester reliability of six anatomical landmarks measurements were determined in six healthy subjects. The measurements were taken in five sessions by each tester. The intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were between .87 and .99 for intertester reliability. Intratester reliability was .93 and .99 for A tester and .82 and .99 for B tester. The average range of variation was .13 to .54 in six landmarks. The reliability of six volume measurements was very high. These results support the use tape measurement as a reliable tool for measuring limb girth.

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An Approach for the Uncertainty Evaluation of the Overall Result from Replications of Measurement: Separately Combining Individual Uncertainty Components According to their 'systematic' and 'random' Effects

  • Kim, In Jung;Kim, Byungjoo;Hwang, Euijin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.1057-1060
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    • 2014
  • In our previous articles, an approach has been proposed for the evaluation of the uncertainty of overall result from multiple measurements. In the approach, uncertainty sources were classified into two groups: the first including those giving same 'systematic' effect on each individual measurement and the second including the others giving 'random' effect on each individual measurement and causing a variation among individual measurement results. The arithmetic mean of the replicated measurements is usually assigned as the value for the overall result. Uncertainty of the overall result is determined by separately evaluating and combining an overall uncertainty from sources of the 'systematic' effect and another overall uncertainty from sources of the 'random' effect. This conceptual approach has been widely adopted in chemical metrology society. In this study, further logical proof with more detailed mathematical expressions is provided on the approach.

근적외분광분석법을 이용한 생쥐꼬리에서의 비침습 혈당 정량시 장기간 측정에 따른 변이 요인의 보정 (Compensation of Variation from Long-Term Spectral Measurement for Non-invasive Blood Glucose in Mouse by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)

  • 백주현;강나루;우영아;김효진
    • 약학회지
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.177-181
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    • 2004
  • Non-invasive blood glucose measurement from mouse tail was performed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Three groups; normal, type I diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM), type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) group, were studied over a 10 weeks period with the collection of near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Spectral variations from long-term measurement (10 weeks) from dramatic and nonlinear changes in the optical properties of the live tissue sample were compensated by chemometrics techniques such as principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. The effect from mouse body temperature changes on NIR spectral data was also considered. This study showed that the compensation of variations from long-term measurement and temperature changes improved calibration accuracy of non-invasive blood glucose measurement.

용적형수차의 압력맥동 발생기구 및 특성에 관한 연구 (Occurrence Mechanism and Characteristics of Pressure Pulsation in a Positive Displacement Hydraulic Turbine)

  • 최영도
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제31권8호
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    • pp.947-953
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    • 2007
  • Occurrence of pressure pulsation in positive displacement hydraulic turbine is one of the principal problems which should be cleared to improve the turbine performance and to put the turbine to practical use. Therefore, present study is tried to examine the occurrence mechanism and characteristics of the pressure pulsation CFD analysis and experimental measurement are implemented in this study to clarify the phenomena of unsteady pressure pulsation. The results show that occurrence reason of the pressure pulsation is not only due to a series of opening and closing of the chamber formed between rotor and casing wall but also due to the variation of rotational speed of following rotor. The pressure pulsation causes torque variation and the curve patterns of the torque variation conforms to that of the pressure pulsation. Pressure in the chamber is equal to the averaged value of inlet and outlet pressures. Sudden pressure decrease by accelerated through-flow between lobe and casing wall results in torque loss.

대구 도심에 위치한 대규모 녹지공간의 냉섬 강도: 계절변화와 기상조건에의 관련성 (Cool Island Intensity in a Large Urban Green in Downtown Daegu: Seasonal Variation and Relationship to Atmospheric Condition)

  • 박명희;김해동
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2010
  • Cool island intensity urban green space was investigated based in Dalsung Park, that is one of the largest parks in Daegu. Cool island intensity(CII), which is defined as the temperature difference between the green space and its surrounding built-up areas, shows time variations. A through-year measurement(2008-2009) of ground level air temperature revealed seasonal variation and relationship to the atmospheric condition of CII. The temperature variation in the park and the reference downtown Daegu was as same order as CII. The noontime CII is larger in summer than that in winter due to the leaf fall of the park trees. On the other hand, seasonal variation of nighttime CII is not so clear. The nighttime CII was larger under the stable atmosphere.

Bridge modal identification based on frequency variation caused by a parked vehicle

  • He, Wen-Yu;Ren, Wei-Xin;Wang, Quan;Wang, Zuo-Cai
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제84권3호
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    • pp.413-421
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    • 2022
  • Modal parameters are the main dynamic characteristics of bridge. This study aims to propose an innovative route to estimate the modal parameters for bridges by using a parked vehicle in which mode shapes with high accuracy and spatial resolution are identified by frequency measurement. Based on the theory of dynamic modification and modal identification, the mathematical formulation between the parked mass induced frequency variation and the modal parameters of a bridge is derived. Then this mathematical formulation is extended to a parked vehicle-bridge system. The arithmetic and processes for estimating the modal parameters based on the identified frequency variation of the vehicle-bridge systems when the vehicle locates at sequentially arranged positions are presented. Finally the proposed method is applied to several simulated bridges of different types. The results indicate that it can estimate the modal parameters with high accuracy and efficiency.