• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

The manual measurements of 182 unmarried women subjects in their 20s was classified 4-breast types. For the breast type classification, 4 factors were identified, such as overall breast factor, upper breast internal shape factor, breast volume factor, and lower breast external shape factor. The breast shapes were 'breast with well-grown upper part', 'flat breast', 'breast with well-grown lower part', and 'protruded breast'. The breast types can be differentiated in 10 items of actual anthropometric dimension the length between frontal neck point and nipple point, length between lateral neck point and nipple point, length between the breast inner points, nipple to nipple breadth, diameter below the breast, inner depth of breast, outer length of breast, length below the breast, length between breast outer point and upper breast point, and contour line length below the breast.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

Design changes for an original surface model are frequently required in a manufacturing area: for example, when the physical parts are modified or when the parts are partially manufactured from analogous shapes. In this case, an efficient 3D model updating method by locally adding scan data for the modified area is highly desirable. For this purpose, this paper presents a new procedure to update an initial model that is composed of combinatorial triangular facets based on a set of locally added point data. The initial surface model is first created from the initial point set by Tight Cocone, which is a water-tight surface reconstructor; and then the point cloud data for the updates is locally added onto the initial model maintaining the same coordinate system. In order to update the initial model, the special region on the initial surface that needs to be updated is recognized through the detection of the overlapping area between the initial model and the boundary of the newly added point cloud. After that, the initial surface model is eventually updated to the final output by replacing the recognized region with the newly added point cloud. The proposed method has been implemented and tested with several examples. This algorithm will be practically useful to modify the surface model with physical part changes and free-form surface design.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2020

There has been a sustained interest towards the non-contact structural displacement measurement by means of videogrammetric technique. On the way forward, one of the major concerns is the spurious image drift induced by temperature variation. This study therefore carries out an investigation into the temperature effect of videogrammetric technique, focusing on the exploration of the mechanism behind the temperature effect and the elimination of the temperature-caused measurement error. 2D videogrammetric measurement tests under monotonic or cyclic temperature variation are first performed. Features of measurement error and the casual relationship between temperature variation and measurement error are then studied. The variation of the temperature of digital camera is identified as the main cause of measurement error. An excellent linear relationship between them is revealed. After that, camera parameters are extracted from the mapping between world coordinates and pixels coordinates of the calibration targets. The coordinates of principle point and focal lengths show variations well correlated with temperature variation. The measurement error is thought to be an outcome mainly attributed to the variation of the coordinates of principle point. An approach for eliminating temperature-caused measurement error is finally proposed. Correlation models between camera parameters and temperature are formulated. Thereby, camera parameters under different temperature conditions can be predicted and the camera projective matrix can be updated accordingly. By reconstructing the world coordinates with the updated camera projective matrix, the temperature-caused measurement error is eliminated. A satisfactory performance has been achieved by the proposed approach in eliminating the temperature-caused measurement error.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1250-1251
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• 2022

Measuring management is an important part of preventing the collapse of retaining walls in advance by evaluating their stability with a variety of measuring instruments. The current work of measuring management requires considerable human and material resources since measurement companies need to install measuring instruments at various places on the retaining wall and visit the construction site to collect measurement data and evaluate the stability of the retaining wall. It was investigated that the applicability of the current work of measuring management is poor at small and medium-sized urban construction sites(excavation depth<10m) where measuring management is not essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a laser sensor-based hardware to support the wall displacement measurements and their control software applicable to small and medium-sized urban construction sites. The 2D lidar sensor, which is more economical than a 3D laser scanner, is applied as element technology. Additionally, the hardware is mounted on the corner strut of the retaining wall, and it collects point cloud data of the retaining wall by rotating the 2D lidar sensor 360° through a servo motor. Point cloud data collected from the hardware can be transmitted through Wi-Fi to a displacement analysis device (notebook). The hardware control software is designed to control the 2D lidar sensor and servo motor in the displacement analysis device by remote access. The process of analyzing the displacement of a retaining wall using the developed hardware and software is as follows: the construction site manager uses the displacement analysis device to 1)collect the initial point cloud data, and after a certain period 2)comparative point cloud data is collected, and 3)the distance between the initial point and comparison point cloud data is calculated in order. As a result of performing an indoor experiment, the analyses show that a displacement of approximately 15 mm can be identified. In the future, the integrated system of the hardware designed here, and the displacement analysis software to be developed can be applied to small and medium-sized urban construction sites through several field experiments. Therefore, effective management of the displacement of the retaining wall is possible in comparison with the current measuring management work in terms of ease of installation, dismantlement, displacement measurement, and economic feasibility.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.427-440
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• 2016

This study uses comparison tests of bodice basic patterns to research improvements in wearing evaluation methods based on differences in bodice basic patterns and body size. As study methods, we calculated body sizes for six types by selecting four types of bodice basic pattern and utilized bodice basic pattern size measurement tools. The study result are as follows. First, as the result of analyzing bodice basic patterns per each part and body size difference by bodice basic pattern size measurement tool, shoulder angle cover rate was J&K type 57.57%~68.41%, N type 53.13%~65.57%, L type 51.87%~63.73%, and H type 59.03%~68.20%. In the item of neck base circumference, it was J&K type 6.4~-16 mm, N type 10.7~-31.9 mm, L type -5.2~-13.4 mm, and H type -6.2~-15.4 mm. In the item of armscye circumference, it was J&K type -18.9~-59.4 mm, N type -15.2~-51.3 mm, L type -38.9~-52.7 mm, and H type -17~-42.2 mm. In the item of biacromion length, it was J&K type 23.2~-4.7 mm, N type 18.4~-10.4 mm, and H type 3.5~-5.7 mm. In the item of interscye back, it was J&K type and N type 17.6~-13.6 mm, L type 11.9~-13.6 mm, and H type 3.2~-11.8 mm. The item of interscye front was found in the sequences of study type and L type. Second, the Kruskal-Wallis test result (according to bodice basic pattern) indicated meaningful differences in items of shoulder angle cover rate, neck point to breast point, bust point-bust point, biacromion length and armscye circumference and H type had an overall higher rank.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.567-576
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• 2007

In order to assess the on-site applicability of 3D absolute displacement monitoring of tunnel using digital photogrammetry, the displacement of the optical target placed at the measurement section was investigated, as planned in the OO tunnel construction site. The targets on 3 measurement lines only were considered for each point of measurement for the reconstruction of 3D cubic model for the digital vision monitoring. For each 3D model, 3 or more images have to be obtained at each point. On the last 2 measurement lines, 6 targets (crown, left and right walls) were continuously overlapped to construct 3D models so that 6 or more apices can be shared by 2 3D models. In order to compare the measurement methods of 3D absolute displacements in tunnel excavation, i. e, total station and digital image measurement, both the digital image measurement and optical measurement were conducted for 10 times in the same work section. The time and measurement results of both methods were compared.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

ANOVA is widely, used for measurement system analysis. It assumes that the measurement error is normally distributed, which nay not be seen in some industrial cases. In this study the estimates of the measurement system variability and PTR (precision-to-tolerance ratio) are obtained by using weighted standard deviation for the case where the measurement error is non-normally distributed. The Standard Bootstrap method is used foy estimating confidence intervals of measurement system variability and PTR. The point and confidence interval estimates for the cases with normally distributed measurement error are compared to those with non-normally distributed measurement errors through computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.479-484
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• 1996

This paper describes a method of measuring tilt motion. This method measures the tilt motion of drilling machines using a laser interferometer, a simple sliding linear bearing, measurement of the probe and the LSC(least square center) method. The next order of business is discussing the procedure of measurement. First, The measured position is considered to be the point of contact between the drill shank and the probe. The revolution of the drill axis delivers the point of contact to the probe. Second, because the laser interferometer is attached on the sliding linear bearing, any movement of probe influences laser reflector. Thus, the laser program displays the moving factor of laser reflector. Namely, this is tilt factor. Third. the points of measurement are a full circle which has 8 points (each are 45$^{\circ}$), After it is finished measuring the 8 points, let the spindle of the drilling machine move down about 5 cm. Repeating this procedure three times, we can get tilt motion's values which are calculated by LSC method. Many error factors affect the accurate measurement of tilt motion. However in this paper we ignore some error factors because they are less significant than tilt motion.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2005

Calibration capability was evaluated using the reference-grade platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) in the temperature range of $-50^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$ for the national calibration centers. The reference-grade PRT was calibrated at the several fixed points, which was composed by the freezing points of Sn, In, the melting point of Ga and the triple point of water and Hg, before and after the round-robin test (RRT) experiments. The temperature scale of reference-grade PRT was compared to the local standard PRT's using the system of the national calibration centers. $E_{n}$ values was calculated by the temperature difference between the reference-grade PRT and the local standard PRT, and the best measurement capability. Finally, the capability of the national calibration centers was evaluated by the $E_{n}$ values.