• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권5호통권60호
• /
• pp.641-646
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 정적 처짐데이터를 이용한 교량의 강성추정에 관한 기법을 개발하였다. 제안된 기법은 주기적으로 교량의 자중에 의한 처짐을 계측하여 이들 처짐값의 변화량을 이용하여 손상의 진행정도를 규명하는 기법으로써 재하시험이 필요하지 않으며, 최근 활발히 진행되고 있는 계측모니터링 시스템으로부터 획득된 계측데이터를 정량적으로 분석하는 기법으로 활용이 가능하리라 판단된다. 손상평가를 위한 정식화과정에서 부재의 손상은 강성의 저감으로 표현하였으며, 부재의 질량과 초기강성은 실측 또는 도면을 통하여 획득이 가능하다고 가정하였다. 제안된 기법의 타당성 검증을 위하여 수치모형을 통한 손상도 추정결과를 제시하였으며, 기존의 손상도 추정기법 중 비교적 손상에 대한 민감도가 높은 모드형상을 이용한 기법과 손상도 추정결과를 비교하였다. 또한, 손상추정결과를 정확도를 감소시키는 노이즈의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 정적응답자료에 백색잡음을 추가하여 손상도를 추정하였으며, 손상부재의 수가 손상추정 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.290-299
• /
• 2014

This research sought to analyze the characteristics of breast movement at the treadmill activity levels. It also examined the effect of wearing a sports bra in reducing breast displacement. The subjects for the data collection were females in their 20s (n=2) with C-cup size breast. The experimental conditions were three different moving speeds (4 km/h, jogging: 7 km/h, and sprinting: 10 km/h) and two types of sports bras. Three dimensional breast displacement was measured. The displacement of the right nipple point was measured with a 3D motion analyzer. The results show that the breasts were greatly displaced from the walking speed (4 km/h) when subjects did not wear any bra. Whereas their breast displacement distance decreased remarkably when they wore sports bras. The nipple point moved 42~44 mm in the vertical direction at walking speed with naked condition. But it was reduced by 80% after wearing sports bras. When subjects running (7 km/h, 10 km/h) without any bra, the nipple point moved 122~141 mm. However it was reduced by 60~70% when they wore sports bras. The apartment time (time delay) between at the highest point of the upper body and the nipple was 0.25 seconds at the running speeds (7 km/h, 10 km/h) without wearing any bra. After wearing sports bras, the time delay was cut to 0.06~0.12 seconds. These results implies that without wearing any bra the skin surrounding the breasts might be seriously pulled at running activity. The functional sports bra suppress breast movement. It might prevent the sagging of breasts by preventing the damage of the Cooper's ligaments.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 말뚝의 하중-수평변위 거동에 대한 해석 방법 중에서 지반공학적인 측면에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 하중전이함수법에 대해 고찰하였다. 다층지반에 관입되어 사질토에 근입된 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 실물 수평재하시험을 실시하여 계측결과를 분석하였고, 계측데이타의 분석을 통해 현장에 적용가능한 하중-변위을 제안하였다 현장재하시험결과와 유한차분해석 프로그램인 "LPILE"에 의한 기존에 제안된 하중전이함수식의 조합에 의한 해석결과를 대상으로 비교, 분석을 수행하였다. 계측데이타의 분석에 의해 하중-변위곡선을 여러 함수식으로 표현해본 결과, 지수형모델인 $y=ae^{bx}$ (여기서 y : 변위(mm), x : 하중(ton))가 가장 간단하고 적용성이 뛰어난 것으로 분석되었고 a값은대체로 1.3에, b값 은0.02에 근접한 경향을 보인다. 현장실측결과와 'LPILE'에 의한 하중전이함수식의 조합에 의한 해석결과를 비교, 분석한 결과 수평하중이 작을때에는 계산된 변위와 실측 변위가 거의 유사한 값을 보이다가 수평하중이 커짐에 따라 계산된 변위가 실측 변위보다 크게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 하중전이함수의 조합인 Matlock-Reese의 방법과 Matlock-API 방법에 의한 결과를 비교해 보면 Matlock-Reese 의 방법이 수평변위가 상대적으로 크게 산정되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2016

Objective: We evaluated the effects of tooth displacement on frictional force when conventional ligating lingual brackets (CL-LBs), CL-LBs with a narrow bracket width, and self-ligating lingual brackets (SL-LBs) were used with initial leveling and alignment wires. Methods: CL-LBs (7th Generation), CL-LBs with a narrow bracket width (STb), and SL-LBs (In-Ovation L) were tested under three tooth displacement conditions: no displacement (control); a 2-mm palatal displacement (PD) of the maxillary right lateral incisor (MXLI); and a 2-mm gingival displacement (GD) of the maxillary right canine (MXC) (nine groups, n = 7 per group). A stereolithographic typodont system and artificial saliva were used. Static and kinetic frictional forces (SFF and KFF, respectively) were measured while drawing a 0.013-inch copper-nickel-titanium archwire through brackets at 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes at $36.5^{\circ}C$. Results: The In-Ovation L exhibited lower SFF under control conditions and lower KFF under all displacement conditions than the 7th Generation and STb (all p < 0.001). No significant difference in SFF existed between the In-Ovation L and STb for a 2-mm GD of the MXC and 2-mm PD of the MXLI. A 2-mm GD of the MXC produced higher SFF and KFF than a 2-mm PD of the MXLI in all brackets (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: CL-LBs with narrow bracket widths exhibited higher KFF than SL-LBs under tooth displacement conditions. CL-LBs and ligation methods should be developed to produce SFF and KFF as low as those in SL-LBs during the initial and leveling stage.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.133-151
• /
• 1988

The objectives of this study were to compare the position of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation, chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and self-guided method and the reproducibility, respectively. A Veri-check (Denar Co., Anaheim, California) was employed for examining, and the displacement of position and reproducibility were verified. The following results were obtained. 1. On the sagittal plane, the centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges showed greater posterior displacement than that by means of bilateral manipulation and less than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig, and self-guided centric relation showed least posterior displacement. The centric relation guided by means of bilateral manipulation showed greater superior displacement than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and less than that by means of leaf gauges and self-guided centric relation showed least superior displacement. 2. On the horizontal plane, the centric relation guided by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig showed greater posterior displacement than that of bilateral manipulation and less than that leaf gauges, however the self-guided centric relation showed slightly anterior displacement. 3. The anteroposterior displacement measured on sagittal plane and horizontal plane were highly correlated. (p<0.05). 4. The reproducibility of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation and chin-point guidance with Lucia jig were similar and more reproducible than self-guided centric relation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report impacts of the amount of displacement of percutaneous osteotomy on the clinical and radiologic results in the treatment of bunionette deformities. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 36 cases of bunionette deformities treated with percutaneous modified Kramer osteotomies from 2009 to 2013. We measured amounts of displacement on anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs as well as multiple parameters which represent degrees of the bunionette deformities. We also recorded radiological healing time, clinical healing time, residual symptoms, and the time of returning to daily activity. Results: No meaningful correlation was found between severity of preoperative deformity and amount of displacement of the osteotomy. The amount of displacement on a horizontal plane did not affect the healing time, duration of symptoms, or time of returning to daily activity. However, large sagittal displacement was related to duration of postoperative symptoms. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that the displacement in percutaneous osteotomy for bunionette deformity does not affect clinical results and healing time. We believe that we do not need to be excessively cautious about how large the displacement we make during the percutaneous modified Kramer osteotomy for the bunionette deformity.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 반사형 장거리 정밀 변위 감지기용 광학계를 설계하고 실제 구성을 해 봄으로써 작동 성능을 측정한 결과를 소개하고자 한다. 10 m ~ 250 m 거리에 있는 교량 및 건축물 등의 진동 및 변위를 감지하는 장거리 변위 감지기용 광신호 송신 및 수신용 광학계를 설계하고, 관측 거리에 따라 관측 대상체에 다양한 반사광학계를 설치하여 실제 제작된 변위 감지기의 변위 감지 분해능을 측정하였다. 광신호 송신부는 두 개의 850 nm 파장대 LED와 수렴광학계로 구성되고, 수신부에서는 위치 센서(PSD: Position Sensitive Detector)와 망원형 수렴광학계가 사용되었다. 관측 대상체의 거리에 따라 10 m 거리에서는 0.1 mm 변위 분해능과 250 m 거리에서는 3 mm 이하의 변위 분해능이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing lingual bracket (CAD/CAM-LB) with those of conventional LB (Con-LB) and Con-LB with narrow bracket width (Con-LB-NBW) under 3 tooth displacement conditions. Methods: The samples were divided into 9 groups according to combinations of 3 LB types (CAD/CAM-LB [Incognito], Con-LB [7th Generation, 7G], and Con-LB-NBW [STb]) with 3 displacement conditions (no displacement [control], maxillary right lateral incisor with 1-mm palatal displacement [MXLI-PD], and maxillary right canine with 1-mm gingival displacement [MXC-GD]; n = 6/group). While drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire with 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes in a chamber maintained at $36.5^{\circ}C$, SFF and KFF were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis method with Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: The Incognito group demonstrated the highest SFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD, Stb-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, 7G-MXLI-PD, 7G-control] < [Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SFF among the 3 displacement conditions within each bracket group. Within each displacement condition, the Incognito group demonstrated the highest KFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD] < Stb-MXC-GD < 7G-MXLI-PD < [7G-control, 7G-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control] < [Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). MXC-GD exhibited higher KFFs than MXLI-PD in the same bracket group. Conclusions: The slot design and ligation method of the CAD/CAM-LB system should be modified to reduce SFF and KFF during the leveling/alignment stage.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2016

비탈면 안정해석 기법과 유지관리를 위한 계측자료 해석기법은 다양하게 제시되어 있지만 두 기법을 연계할 수 있는 방안은 제시되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 진행성 파괴에 대한 비탈면 안정해석과 계측기반의 유지관리를 통합할 수 있는 해석기법을 제안하였다. 시간 열화에 의한 비탈면의 붕괴과정은 강도감소계수를 적용한 지반강도정수를 이용하여 정량화하고, 비탈면 붕괴 시 까지의 안전율과 파괴범위를 산정하였다. 변위는 누적 변위 곡선과 변위 속도 곡선, 변위 역속도 곡선으로 정량화하여 유지관리 기법과 연계하였다. 제안된 절차로 해석을 수행한 결과, 누적 변위 곡선을 이용한 비탈면의 파괴모델은 기존 연구와 동일하게 3차 다항모델로 산정되었다. 붕괴 시점 예측에 적용되는 변위 역속도의 취성재료에서는 1차 직선식, 연성재료에서는 3차 다항식으로 감소되어 Fukuzono(1985)의 제안식과 일치하였으며 붕괴사례와도 유사한 거동을 나타내었다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2009

This research project was carried out to develop the technique to assess quantitatively and rapidly the stability of a tunnel by using the measured displacement at the tunnel construction site under excavation. To achieve this purpose, a critical strain concept was introduced and applied to an assessment of a tunnel under construction. The new technique calculates numerically the strains of the surrounding ground by using the measured displacements during excavation. A numerical practical system was developed based on the proposed analysis technique in this study. The feasibility of the developed analysis module was verified by incorporating the analysis results obtained by commercial programs into the developed analysis module. To verify the feasibility of the developed analysis module, analysis results of models both elastic and elasto-plastic grounds were investigated for the circular tunnel design. Then the measured displacements obtained in the field are utilized practically to assess the safety of tunnels using critical strain concept. It was verified that stress conditions of in-situ ground and ground material properties were accurately assessed by inputting the calculated displacement obtained by commercial program into this module for the elastic ground. However for the elasto-plastic ground, analysis module can reproduce the initial conditions more closely for the soft rock ground than for the weathered soil ground. The stability of tunnels evaluated with two types of strains, that is, the strains obtained by dividing the crown displacement into a tunnel size and the strains obtained by using the analysis module. From this study, it is confirmed that the critical strain concept can be fully adopted within the engineering judgment in practical tunnel problems and the developed module can be used as a reasonable tool for the assessment of the tunnel stability in the field.