• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

This study is the first model to apply the concept of media engagement to a political campaign by which the voters' mind toward the supporting political candidates, are read. Thus it provides the theoretical and practical implications to the political campaign, and eventually contributes to the development of democracy. For these objectives, the total of 729 people who have the right to vote were telephone surveyed using the peoplemeter, CATI program in the 18th Presidential Election (12 areas including Seoul) of Dec. 19th 2012, and Re and By-election of April 24th 2013. Research question is to examine how the 5 attributes of the media engagement (interest, immersion, relevance, satisfaction and participation), play a role as the moderating variables in cross-correlation, socio-economic status and media properties. The result shows that of the five properties of media engagement, the relevant factor is the important parameter of mediating variable to the causal relationship. The media usage (TV, SNS, print media), socio-economic status (gender, age, income, marriage and area), involvement and the Presidential Election, and Re and By-election are also effective in the five attributes of media engagement. These results suggest that the a study model can measure the campaign effectiveness. This study will contribute significantly to the development of politics, election, media, advertising, and public relations area as well as to promote interdisciplinary research.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-72
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of assertiveness training and value clarification training on nurse's conflict and conflict management mode. Fifty seven registered nurses participated in the study ; they were employed by three general hospital located in Daegu, Korea. The study employs two treatment groups. The assertiveness training group consisted of subjects who participated in 90-120 minutes sessions of assertiveness training nine times over five weeks. The other treatment group, was adiministed nine, 90-120 minutes sessions of value clarification during the same period. For the control group, nursing subjects were appointed the training after five weeks. Pre-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups prior to one week of the treatment. Role conflict Inventory-general(RCI-G) and Communication Conflict Inventory-general (CCI-G) measure nurse's conflict management mode. Post-test evaluation were administered to all subjects in three groups two weeks after the last session by Role Conflict Inventory-Specific(RCI-S), Communication Conflict Inventory-Specific (CCI-S), Management Model-Specific(CMMI-S). The analysis of variance(ANOVA) and covariance(ANCOVA) on gain scores were running the SPSS program. In order to test statistical differences among mean scores of the scales obtained after treatment, multiple comparisons were carried out by Turkey method. Conclusions obtained from the results are as follows. 1. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were effective in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. The value clarification was more effective than the assertiveness training in decreasing the nurse's role conflict. 2. Both assertiveness training and value clarification training were effective in decreasing nurse's communication conflict. There was, however, no differences between assertiveness training and value clarification training in decreasing the nurse's communication conflict. 3. The assertiveness training and the value clarification training were quite effective in compromizing and collaborating conflict management mode, to reducing the withdrawl and accomodate, force and accomodate conflict management mode to conflict. There was no difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and value clarification. In assessing the effects of the treatments, this study employed different measurements. It is unclear whether the measurement affected the test results. It is worth conducting a further test using the same measurements. The results of future studies can be compared with those of this study. The homogeneity of the control group and treatment group is questionable. Futher studies may employ homogeneous sample group to evaluate whether the sample characteristics bias the test results. Assertiveness training or value clarification training for nurses can be utilized in nursing intervention.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.847-857
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• 2021

Recently, domestic schools are increasingly interested in environmental education related to COVID-19 and the severe climate crisis, as well as artificial intelligence education related to the 4th industrial revolution that is rapidly approaching us. In particular, AI education is highly likely to be applied to 5th to 6th graders of elementary school, so measures related to connection with 1st to 4th graders are needed. There are many students who are not proficient in computers in the lower grades of elementary school, so there may be many restrictions in using the currently used teaching aids. Therefore, this study tried to develop an artificial intelligence education program for the lower grades of elementary school to secure the linkage of artificial intelligence education. The theme of the program was developed based on the topic of environmental education, which has recently increased in interest. As for the educational method, considering the developmental stage of the lower grades of elementary school, the STEAM education method was used, which was fused with various subjects and unplugged using play and games without a computer. of the program. For validity verification, Lawshe (1975)'s content validity ratio (CVR) calculation formula was used. The verification results were analyzed to be suitable for the purpose of development of all programs. In the future, it is necessary to measure the degree of effectiveness by applying the program proposed in this study to the lower grades of elementary school.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2010

In order to reduce leakage from a reservoir, a large amount of cement milk (grout) was injected from boreholes drilled around the shores of the reservoir, and monitored to establish the infiltration of cement milk into the bedrock under the reservoir. From laboratory tests using rock core samples, it was revealed that the resistivity of cement milk is much lower than that of the groundwater at this location. Therefore, it was expected that the resistivity of the zones filled with cement milk would be significantly reduced. Geophysical surveys are expected to be suitable methods to check the effectiveness of grouting in improving the water-retaining performance of a reservoir. DC electrical surveys (seven in total) and two Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magneto-Telluric (CSAMT) surveys were conducted along survey lines in the reservoir to monitor the infiltration of cement milk during the grouting. Extremely low resistivity zones ($10\;{\Omega}m$ or less) were observed in resistivity sections obtained by 2D inversion. The zones are inferred to be fractured zones filled with cement milk. In sections showing the rate of change of resistivity, three zones that showed significant change showed gradual expansion to deeper parts as the grouting progressed. These zones correspond to highly permeable zones detected by Lugeon tests at grout boreholes. We have confirmed that it is possible to measure the resistivity change by DC electrical and CSAMT surveys from the surface of the reservoir. It seems that such monitoring results could be reflected in future grouting plans.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

In this study, we propose a learning method that can be extended to take advantage of the knowledge of the various disciplines in the project related to the subject to perform the process of restoring stork. The development program is grade 3.4 Group 4 class hours, grade 5.6 Group 4 class hours, total 8 class hours, and in each class hour, it was designed to be extended such creativity, problem solving skills, communication skills and ability to learn, based on knowledge and concepts of the elementary curriculum related to storks. Content validity was verified using a method consisting of 12 experts to verify the validity of the program. Feasibility evaluation of Lawshe (1975) content validity ratio for the analysis: we used (Content Validity Ratio CVR) calculation formula. As a result of a feasibility study in total 8 class hours, It was analyzed that match with the development effect except for program of grade 3.4 group 4 class hours. grade 3.4 group 4 class hours program was raised this issue for the academic linkage region, was fixed. Later, It is necessary to measure the degree of learning skills improves effectiveness by applying it to the elementary school students in the proposed research program.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2013

Health damages such as pneumoconiosis and kidney damage, caused by environmental hazardous factors are being reported in health impact assessment conducted on environmentally vulnerable areas, including cement factories and refineries. Current legal system for relieving the environmental victims is not effective enough because the environmental health act does not specify the environmental hazardous factors to be considered for the relief. The aim of this study is to examine the problems of the existing system by making empirical analysis on health damages and afflicted people as well as on cases when afflicted people were able to be covered by remedy system. The results show that, insufficiencies of the relief system are due to the following reasons: First, current Environmental Health Act does not act well as a remedy system. Second, due to its unique nature of environmental health damage, it is hard to identify and prove the cause of health damage and unlawful actions of violators in the process of environmental dispute conciliation and lawsuits against polluters. This paper suggests following solutions on above mentioned problems. First, in defining the range and definition of environmental diseases, negative system should be used alongside with the current positive system. Second, we suggest adding the nature of public law to relief system, in order to ease the legal burden of proof. Third, in case when it is hard to identify the polluters and one cannot expect reliefs for their damage, it is possible to elevate the effectiveness of the relief measure by expanding scope of the search for possible environmental hazardous factors that caused the health damage. It is urgent to improve the relief system so as to secure the environmental rights of Koreans.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.977-987
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2002

Most of the traffic accidents are a rear-end collision and a clash generated in the signalized intersection on the local roads. So, it is demanded that the high-quality of signal control and dilemma zone control. According to the cases generated by foreign countries, we established the strategies which are composed of Volume-Density Control, strategy of the dilemma zone control using R-detector (microwave detector) In Japan and EC-DC Control. MOEs(Measure of effectiveness) are car numbers in the dilemma zone , max-out probability in the safe side and the average stopping delay in the progress side. We choose a signalized intersection in rural highway to analyze the effect of the strategies and practiced an on-the-spot survey. The result of the survey is applied to the basic data in the simulator. Consequently, strategy of the dilemma zone control using R-detector(microwave detector) in Japan is the best effective in the safe side and EC-DC control is the best in the progress side. Based on the result, we developed the effective strategy of the signal control . This strategy is composed of the strategy of Japan and the detector on the stopping line used in the EC-DC control. On the result of the analysis, new strategy is the best effective in two sides.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.5-34
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• 2017

This study measured greening level on the 978 public libraries nationwide, making and distributing questionnaires based on green library evaluation indicators developed to measure the greening level of public libraries. As a result of analyzing the averages by evaluation area, among the green library evaluation areas, the whole average of the library resources was the highest by 1.93, and followed by land use and traffic 1.81, indoor environment 1.30, management of water circulation 1.20, etc. The greening evaluation area which shows the best strength in the surveyed public libraries, was the area of the library resource, and it turned out that it use spaces effectively like effective use of the entire area, effectiveness of conservation of books, use and management of eco-friendly products etc., or use the equipments in eco-friendly way which are purchased or used frequently in the libraries, and, as for the land use and traffic area, most of the libraries had bicycle racks, and chose the location of the libraries, considering accessibility to public transportation and a distance between central urban area and libraries. Also, it turns out that, in the area of materials and resources, most of the libraries were equipped with hand dryers and rolling towels and maintained the eco-friendly view.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 2014

Purpose: Ligament reattachment technique using a suture anchor appears to show satisfactory functional outcomes and mechanical stability compared with conventional bone tunnel technique. This study was prospectively conducted in order to evaluate functional outcomes of modified Brostrom procedures using the suture bridge technique for chronic ankle instability in athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight athletes under 30 years of age were followed for more than two years after undergoing the modified Brostrom procedure using the suture bridge technique. Functional evaluation consisted of the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) score. Range of motion and time to return to exercise were evaluated using a periodic questionnaire. Talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation were measured through stress radiographs for evaluation of mechanical stability. Results: FAOS improved significantly from preoperative mean 59.4 points to 91.4 points (p<0.001). Daily living and sport activity scores of FAAM improved significantly from preoperative mean 50.5, 32.5 points to 94.8, 87.3 points, respectively (p<0.001). Talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly from preoperative mean $16.8^{\circ}$, 13.5 mm to $4.2^{\circ}$, 4.1 mm at final follow-up (p<0.001). Times to return to exercise were as follows: mean 10.2 weeks in jogging, 15.4 weeks in spurt running, 13.1 weeks in jumping, 11.5 weeks in walking on uneven ground, 9.1 weeks in standing on one leg, 7.2 weeks in tip-toeing gait, 8.4 weeks in squatting, and 10.6 weeks in descending stairs. Conclusion: Modified Brostrom procedure using the suture bridge technique showed satisfactory functional outcomes for chronic ankle instability in athletes. Optimal indication and cost-effectiveness of the suture bridge technique will be studied in the future.