• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : This present study was performed to investigate the effect of Hwadamtongrak-Tang extract (HTT) on the regulation of cerebral hemodynamics in terms of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Also the effects of HTT on changes in local blood flow, inhibition of LD H activity in neuronal cells, and levels of cytokine production in the serum were determined in the ischemic rat model. The major findings are summarized below. Results : 1. HTT significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by HTT treatment. These results suggest that HTT may increase rCBF by dilating cerebral arterial diameter. 2. HTT-induced increase in rCBF was blocked by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and MABP was significantly increased by ID N. 3. Pretreatment of methylene blue $(MTB,\;10\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, significantly decreased both rCBP and MABP in HTT-treated rats. 4. HTT treatment significantly increased rCBP to a stable level during the period of cerebral reperfusion. 5. HTT significantly inhibited LD H activity in neuronal cells, suggesting a neuroprotection by HTT. 6. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion in HTT-treated rats. IL-10 levels in the serum were significantly increased by HTT treatment whereas transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}$ levels were similar between HTT-treated and control groups. 7. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after reperfusion in HTT-treated rats. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in HTT-treated rats compared with the control group, and no significant changes in $(TGF)-{\beta}$ in the serum were observed by HTT treatment. Conclusions: The present data suggest that HTT may have an anti-ischemic effect via the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and thus protect the brain from ischemic damage.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare direct and three indirect blood pressure measurements in adults and to compare among three indirect blood pressure measurements in adults. One direct(intraarterial) and three indirect(using a mecury sphygmomanometer, a aneroid type sphygmomanometer and an automatic auscultatory device) methods of blood pressure measurement were compared in adult patients who had an arterial line. The subjects for this study consisted of 29 patients in K medical center, B medical center, B hospital and M hospital in Pusan. The data was collected from October 1, 1992 to June 30, 1993. The collected data was analysed with the SPSS program, frequency, percentage, mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows : 1) There was a significant difference in the systolic BP when using the direct and three indirect measurements(P<0.05). 2) There was no overall significant difference in the diastolic BP when using the direct and three indirect measurements. 3) There was no significant difference in the SBP and DBP among the three indirect measurements.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.596-604
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• 2005

Objectives : Geopungjeseub-tang(Gufengchushi-tang) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for hemiplegia caused by deficiency of qi(氣虛) and damp phlegm(濕痰). This study was performed to evaluate effects of Geopungjeseub-tang extract(GJT) on hemodynamics[regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), heart rate(HR)] in normal rats and in rats with cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. Also, effects of adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$, cyclooxygenase on response to GJT were evaluated. Methods : Laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF) measured changes of rCBF, MABP and HR. Video microscope and width analyzer measured changes in PAD. Results : rCBF and PAD increased after treatment with GJT(10mg/kg, i.v.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, and pretreatment with indomethacin raised rCBF and PAD increased after treatment with GJT during the same period as above. Pretreatment with propranolol decreased rCBF, but increased after GJT treatment, but raised PAD increased after GJT treatment during this period of reperfusion. Conclusion : CR caused diverse responses were observed in rCBF and PAD after treatment with GJT. ACF action is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$ and cyclooxygenase. Result suggest that GJT has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and has theraputic potential for cerebral apoplexy.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2015

Objective : Jaeumgeonbitang have been used in Korean medicine for many centuries as a therapuetic agent of vertigo. JAE was extract of Jaeumgeonbitang adding Evodiae Fructus. The effects of JAE on the cerebral blood flow and blood pressure is not known. This study was designed to investigate the effects of JAE on the ischemic crebral injuries. Method : We performed to investigate effects of JAE on the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and ischemic rats, and further to determine the mechanism and cytokines production ($IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10, $TGF-{\beta}$) of JAE. Results : In normal rats, JAE significantly increased rCBF and significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggested that JAE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. Increase of JAE-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and was significantly inhibited by methylene blue ($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Decrease of JAE-induced MABP was significantly increased by the pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. So, these results suggested that the mechanism of JAE was mediated by cyclooxygenase. In ischemic rat, the rCBF was significantly and stably increased by JAE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, Sample group (JAE 10 mg/kg treated group) was significantly decreased $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production compared with Control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, Sample group was significantly increased IL-10 production compared with Control group. Conclusion : These results suggested that JAE was significantly and stably increased regional cerebral blood flow by inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, and increased IL-10 production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 1992

The evaluation of the effectivess of ongoing cardiopulmonary resucitation efforts is dependent on the commonly used methods, such as the presence of femoral or carotid artery pulsations, arterial blood gas determinations, peripheral arterial pressure and intracardiac pressure monitoring. But recent studies suggest that end-tidal carbon dioxide tension serves as a non-invasive measurement of pulmonary blood flow and therefore cardiac output under constant ventilation. A prospective clinical study was done to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass could be used as a prognostic indicator of bypass weaning. We monitored end-tidal PCO2 values continuously during cardiopulmonary bypass in 30 patients. "Ohmeda 5210 CO-2 monitor" under infrared absorption method were incorperated into the ventilator circuit by means of a side point adaptor between endotracheal tube and ventilator tubing. 18 patients[Group I ] were res-ucitated from partial bypass followed by aorta cross clamp off and 12 patients[Group II ] from aorta cross clamp off followed by partial bypass. But there was no difference between two groups[p>0.05]. The value of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during ventricular fibrillation or nearly arrest state was 6.6$\pm$2.9 mmHg, and at the time of spontaneous beating was 19.3$\pm$5.6 mmHg[Mean$\pm$Standard deviation], In conclusion end-tidal carbon dioxide tension monitoring provides clinically useful, continous, noninvasive and supplementary prognostic indicator during cardiopulmonary bypass weaning procedures.rocedures.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.693-696
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 생체 임피던스의 변화를 계측하여 혈류량의 변화를 추정하기 위한 시스템을 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템은 인위적인 압력을 가하여 압력의 변화에 따른 임피던스의 변화량을 측정할 수 있도록 구성하였으며, 크게 압력 측정부와 4 전극법을 이용한 임피던스 측정부로 구분할 수 있다. 압력 측정부는 반도체식 압력센서와 센서의 출력신호를 처리하기 위한 전자회로부로 구성하였고, 임피던스 측정부는 교류 정전류원 회로와 임피던스 신호의 검출을 위한 락인 증폭기로 시스템을 구성하였다. 구현된 시스템의 성능평가를 위하여 표준저항을 이용한 임피던스 측정부의 특성조사 실험을 수행 하였다. 그리고 실제 실험군을 대상으로 임피던스의 계측을 통한 혈류량 변화 추정실험을 수행하였고, 혈류량 변화와 평균 동맥압을 이용한 혈류 저항비를 추정하였다 그 결과 혈류저항비와 혈류량의 변화는 반비례관계를 명확하게 보여 주었으며, 상관분석을 수행한 결과 상관계수가 -0.96776으로 강한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.371-375
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• 2008

In blood pressure measurement, the oscillometric method detects and analyzes the pulse pressure oscillation while deflating the cuff around the arm. For its principle, one has to inflate cuff pressure above the subject's systolic pressure and deflate below the diastolic pressure. Most of the commercialized devices inflate until the fixed target pressure and deflate until the fixed completion pressure because there is no way to know the systolic and diastolic pressure before measurement. Too high target pressure makes stress to the subject and too low target pressure makes big error or long measurement time because of re-inflation. There are similar problems for inadequate completion pressure. In this study, we suggest new algorithm to set proper target and completion pressure for each subject by analyzing pressure waveform while inflating period. We compared our proposed method and auscultation method to see the errors of estimation. The differences between the two measurements were -4.02$\pm$4.80mmHg, -10.50$\pm$10.57mmHg and -0.78$\pm$5.l7mmHg for mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure respectively. Consequently, we could set the target pressure by 30 mmHg higher than our estimation and we could stop at 20mmHg lower than our estimated diastolic pressure. Using this method, we could reduce the measurement time.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2006

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may be acting several decades before CVD becomes manifest. Data from young subjects may be valuable in further elucidating at this issue. We evaluated the association between baPWV (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy young adults. A total of 46 male and 91 female adolescents aged $18{\sim}25 years$ were studied. baPWV increased in a dose-responsive manner as the number of metabolic syndrome components. In both gender groups, baPWV was positively correlated with age. In males, waist, circumference total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were positively correlated with baPWV, and in females, blood pressure (BP) was positively correlated with baPWV. Age, gender, mean BP, and Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were found to be independent factors associated with baPWV levels. In conclusion, mean BP, age, gender, and HOMA-IR were associated with baPWV in young adults. This result suggests that multiple cardiovascular risk factors may be associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness in young adults.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

Objectives: The study examines the relation between urinary arsenic concentration and blood pressure, which is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Materials: In this study, the urinary arsenic concentration, history of diagnosed disease, and blood pressure of 782 local residents in Gwangyang, Yeosu, and Hadong regions from May 2007 to July 2007. Results: The urinary arsenic concentration of total participants was $9.06{\mu}g/g-ct$. The logistic regression analysis of medical diagnosed history and urinary arsenic concentration, showed statistically significance (p<0.05) of high urinary arsenic concentration in participants with diagnosed hypertension. In addition, diagnosed hypertension it was observed that the high blood pressure was related with the pulse pressure. Conclusions: The arsenic concentration level was low in this study, but the exposure to low levels of arsenic has an effect on hypertension. Also, hypertension is related to pulse pressure and mean arterial blood pressure as well as being risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, close supervision of low -level arsenic exposure is needed.