• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.806-818
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• 2015

Based on the inherent relationship between dc-bus voltage and grid feeding active power, two dc-bus voltage regulators with different references are adopted for a grid-connected PV inverter operating in both normal grid voltage mode and low grid voltage mode. In the proposed scheme, an additional dc-bus voltage regulator paralleled with maximum power point tracking controller is used to guarantee the reliability of the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) of the inverter. Unlike conventional LVRT strategies, the proposed strategy does not require detecting grid voltage sag fault in terms of realizing LVRT. Moreover, the developed method does not have switching operations. The proposed technique can also enhance the stability of a power system in case of varying environmental conditions during a low grid voltage period. The operation principle of the presented LVRT control strategy is presented in detail, together with the design guidelines for the key parameters. Finally, a 3 kW prototype is built to validate the feasibility of the proposed LVRT strategy.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.794-799
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• 2001

The simulation analyses of a solar power system with monolithic concentrator by using a stirling engine are carried out to predict the system performance in four test sites. The site has different intensities and distributions of direct solar radiation respectively. Seoul, Pusan and Cheju in Korea, and Naha in Japan are selected as test sites. To accomplish the same demand of a 25 kW output that the power level of a system has, it needs to take the matching of collector/receiver with engine/generator systems. In such a case, also, the size of the collector is sometimes adjusted. In this study, the diameter of the collector is decided by using the solar radiation of design point, which is defined as the sum of average and standard deviation $\sigma$ of maximum direct solar radiation distribution for a day during a year in the respective test site. It is found that the average power output during the system operating time in the case of slope error ${\sigma}_s=2.5$ is within the range of 9 to 13 kW.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2015

This paper proposes a new bidirectional DC-DC converter with high efficiency. The proposed converter is composed of a flyback and a tapped-inductor boost converter to satisfy extreme operating conditions with low cost. The outputs are connected in series to achieve a high-voltage step-up. In the reverse direction, the proposed converter has an extreme step-down voltage. In this study, the proposed converter was employed with a 100 W hardware prototype. To design the controller, a small-signal transfer function of the proposed converter is derived. For PV power conditioning systems, a maximum power point tracking method is applied with perturb and observe method. To verify the operation of the bidirectional power flow, the current controller is applied. All of the controllers are employed with a digital signal processor.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.2221-2227
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• 2015

To arrest a frequency nadir, a stepwise inertial control (SIC) scheme generates a constant active power reference signal of a wind turbine generator (WTG) immediately after a disturbance and maintains it for the predetermined time. From that point, however, the reference of a WTG abruptly decreases to restore the rotor speed for the predefined period. The abrupt decrease of WTG output power will inevitably cause a second frequency dip. In this paper, we propose a modified SIC scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) that can prevent a second frequency dip. A reference value of the modified SIC scheme consists of a reference for the maximum power point tracking control and a constant value. The former is set to be proportional to the cube of the rotor speed; the latter is determined so that the rotor speed does not reach the minimum operating limit by considering the mechanical power curve of a DFIG. The performance of the modified SIC was investigated for a 100 MW aggregated DFIG-based wind power plant under various wind conditions using an EMTP-RV simulator. The results show that the proposed SIC scheme significantly increases the frequency nadir without causing a second frequency dip.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

본 논문은 경제급전 최적화 문제에 균형-교환 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 모든 발전기를 가능한한 밸브지점으로 운영한다고 가정한다. 초기치로 최대 발전량 $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i^{max}$로 설정하고, 각 발전기의 밸브지점 $v_k$까지 발전량을 감소시켰을 때의 평균 발전단가 $c_i=\frac{F(P_i)-F(P_{iv_k})}{(P_i-P_{iv_k})}$가 최대가 되는 $_{max}c_i$ 발전기 i의 발전량을 밸브지점 발전단가 $P_{iv_k}$로 감소시켰으며, ${\Sigma}P_i-P_d$ > 0이면 $c_i=F(P_i)-F(p_i-1)$의 $_{max}c_i$ 발전기 발전량을 $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i-1$로 감소시켜 ${\Sigma}P_i=P_d$의 균형을 맞추었다. 다음으로, $_{min}\{_{max}(P_i-P_i^{min}),\;_{max}(P_i^{max}-P_i)\}$>${\alpha}{\geq}10$의 범위에 대해 "-10" 간격으로 감소시키는 성인걸음법으로, 10>${\alpha}{\geq}1$ 범위에 대해서는 "-1"의 아기걸음법으로, $P_i=P_i{\pm}{\alpha}$에 대한 $_{max}[F(P_i)-F(P_i-{\alpha})]$>$_{min}[F(P_j+{\alpha})-F(P_j)]$, $i{\neq}j$이면 $P_i=P_i-{\alpha}$, $P_j=P_j+{\alpha}$로 발전량을 교환하는 방법으로 최적화를 수행하였다. 다음으로 ${\alpha}=\text{0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001$에 대해 미세한 교환을 수행하였다. 동적 경제급전 문제의 시험 사례에 제안된 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 기존의 휴리스틱 알고리즘 최적화 발전비용을 크게 감소시켜 경제적인 이익을 극대화 시켰다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

A control algorithm for a 100 kW wind turbine is designed in this study. The wind turbine is operating as a variable speed variable pitch (VSVP) status. Also, this wind turbine is a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) Type. For the medium capacity wind turbine considered in this study, it was found that the optimum tip speed ratios to achieve the maximum power coefficients varied with wind speeds. Therefore a commercial blade element momentum theory and multi-body dynamics based program was implemented to consider the variation of aerodynamic coefficients with respect to Reynolds numbers and to find out the power and thrust coefficients with respect tip speed ratio and blade pitch angles. In the end a basic power controller was designed for below rated, transition and above rated regions, and a load reduction algorithm was designed to reduce tower vibration by the nacelle motion. As a result, damage equivalent Load (DEL) of tower fore-aft has been reduced by 32%. From dynamic simulations in the commercial program, the controller was found to work properly as designed. Experimental validation of the control algorithm will be done in the future.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2001

A system simulation program was developed for a multi-type inverter heat pump. Electronic expansion valve(EEV) was used to extend the capacity modulating range of the heat pump as expansion device. The program was also developed to calculate actual system performance with the building load variation with climate during a year. The performance variation of a multi-type hat pump with two EEV and an inverter compressor was simulated with compressor speed, capacity, and flow area of the EEV. As a result, the optimum operating frequency of the compressor and openings of the expansion device were decided at a given load. As compressor speed increased, he capacity of heat pump increased, the capacity of heat pump increased. Therefore flow area of EEV should be adjusted to have wide openness. Thus the coefficient of performance(COP) of the heat pump decreased due to increasement of compressor power input. The maximum COP point at a given load was decided according to the compressor speed. And under the given specific compressor speed and the load, the optimum openings point of EEV was also decided. Although the total load of indoor units was constant, the operating frequency increased as the fraction of load in a room increased. Finally ad the compressor power input increased, the coefficient of performance decreased.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

3kW grid connected PV(photovoltaic) systems have been constructed for evaluating and analyzing performance of PV system at FDTC(field demonstration test center) in Korea, PV systems installed in FDTC have been operating and monitored since November 2002. As climatic and irradiation conditions have been varied through long-term field test, data acquisition system has been constructed for measuring performance of PV system to observe the overall effect of environmental conditions on their operation characteristics. The performance of PV systems has been evaluated and analyzed for component perspective(PV array and power conditioning system) and global perspective(system efficiency, capacity factor, and electrical power energy) by field test. By the results, it is very important to develop optimal design technology of grid connected PV system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

최근, 전 세계적으로 신 재생에너지에 대한 관심이 증가됨에 따라 친환경적이고 무한한 태양에너지를 이용하는 태양광 발전의 설치가 매년 급증하고 있다. 그러나, 태양광발전시스템은 일반적으로 태양광 전지에서 발생한 에너지로부터 전력변환장치(DC/AC)를 거쳐 계통연계 지점까지 약 25[%]의 전력손실을 발생시키고 있다. 이 전력손실 가운데, 일부 태양광 모듈에 음영이나 환경변화(일사량, 온도, 습도 등)로 인해 스트링의 출력 전압이 인버터의 동작전압보다 낮아지면 해당 스트링이 동작하지 않아 전체의 발전효율이 감소하거나, 최악의 경우 인버터가 탈락되어 계통의 출력 전력이 저하되는 등의 손실이 큰 부분을 차지하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 상기의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여, 각각의 스트링별로 DC/DC 전압 레귤레이터를 도입하여 환경변화에 따른 전압 저하로 발생하는 스트링의 탈락을 방지하는 제어방식을 제시하였고, 기존 인버터의 MPPT(P&O) 제어와 정전압 제어기능을 전압 레귤레이터에서 수행하는 방식을 채택하였다. 또한, 제안한 알고리즘을 바탕으로 2kW급의 전압 레귤레이터를 구현하여 기존의 운용방식과 비교, 분석한 결과, 환경변화에 따른 다양한 시나리오에서 제안한 운용방식의 운용효율이 크게 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2674-2685
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 국내향 800MHz CDMA 와 PCS(CDMA 방식)에서 동시에 사용될 수 있는 이동통신 전화기의 핵심부품인 이중대역 전력증폭기 모듈에 대한 연구를 기술하였다. CDMA 방식의 전화기가 갖는 사용빈도가 가장 높은 출력(1O-15dBm)이 선형영역인점을 고려하여 종단전력증폭용 GaAs FET의 DC 동작점을 B급으로 제한하므로서 배터리 사용시간을 연장하였다. 따라서 낮은 동작점에서도 우수한 선형성을 가진 2개의 Plastic GaAS FET로서 모듈을 구현하였고 입출력단에 주파수 분리회로를 설계하여 2개의 주파수 대역을 사용할수 있게 하였다. 모듈의 소형화를 위해 다층기판을 사용하였으며 협소한 전송선로간의 전자기결합과 가판 각 층간의 via hole 등은 전자기 해석을 통해 회로 설계에 반영하였다. 모듈 전체 크기는 O.96CC($22{\times}14.5{\times}3mm^3$) 이고 출력 10~l5dBm에서 모듈 총전류는 130mA이다. 선형특성은 출력 28dBm(CDMA, 800MHz)와 23.5dBm(PCS)에서 IS-95에서 규정하는 ACPR(Adjacent Channel Power Rejection)보다 2-3dB 여유도를 가진다.