• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 2007

Teratomas arising from totipotential primitive germ cell are composed of 2 or 3 germ cell layers. We reviewed the records of 166 children who underwent the operation for teratoma from Jan, 1990 through April, 2007. There were 40 boys and 126 girls (average age $6.93{\pm}5.83$ years). Primary sites were ovary (n = 88), sacrococcygeum (n = 24), testis (n = 16), retroperitoneum (n = 16), mediastinum (n = 8), brain (n = 4), thymus (n = 3) and a single tumor involved the adrenal gland, neck, middle ear, oropharynx, stomach, pelvis, omentum, chest wall and scalp. Teratomas were mature in 141 patients, and immature in 25. Six patients who had ovarian immature teratomas grade 2 or 3 with peritoneal gliomatosis underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. During follow up period, 6 mature teratomas recurred at sacrococcygeal area (n = 1) and contralateral ovary (n = 5). Five patients of them underwent reoperation and diagnosed as a mature teratoma, but one who had underwent a left salpingooophrectomy with right ovary cystectomy at initial operation was observed carefully. Teratomas were dominant in female patients and developed at various organs. Complete excision was needed for good prognosis. In case of immature teratoma, complete excision and appropriate chemotherapy according to grading can contribute to favorable results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1229-1239
• /
• 2005

Human immunodeficiency virus-like particles (HIVVLPs) with native conformations similar to that of the wild-type virion could be valid candidates for vaccine development. To this end, we used a Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) expression system to produce HIV- VLPs containing high quantities of native envelope proteins. Here, we described a single SFV replicon containing the HIV gagpol and env genes under the control of separate subgenomic promoters. Mature VLPs incorporating the Gag and Env proteins were detected in the supernatant of replicon-expressing cells by Western blot analysis. The HIV-VLPs showed the expected molecular density (1.14-1.18 g/ml) on a $20-60\%$ sucrose gradient; the particles were 100-120 nm in diameter and Env proteins were observed on their surfaces by immunogold electron microscopy. RT-PCR analysis of VLP-associated RNAs in mature HIV-VLPs revealed two SF V-derived RNA species (full-length and subgenomic). Immunization studies in Balb/c mice showed that these HIV-VLPs were capable of inducing both HIV-specific antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses. Taken together, our results indicate that the SFV replicon system is useful for the production of HIV-VLPs, which may be valuable candidates for an HIV vaccine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.792-796
• /
• 1991

Immature teratoma can be viewed as intermediate between mature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. Unlike the mature teratoma, elements of the three perm cell layers are incompletely differentiated and not arranged in organoid fashion In some area, more mature forms of these tissues may also be seen, Although this tumor is clearly malignant, they may not display clear-cut cytologic features of malignancy. The clinical prognosis is poor. We have experienced one case of recurrent immature teratoma. In first operation[1987, April], tumor of anterior mediastinum was removed with wedge resection of ant. segment of RUL % med. segment of RML. In 2nd operation[1990, June], recurrent teratoma of right inner thoracic wall was resected with partial 5th rib resection and wedge resection of lat. segment of middle lobe. Two months later, the 3rd operation[1990, September] was done, which was a removal of mass on thoracic wall near sup, segment of RLL and partial rib resection of 3rd, 4th & 5th. In November 1990, last operation[4th operation] was made. It was enucleation of walnut sized tumor located between medial segment of RML, and 4th. intercostal space, well encapsulated with endothoracic fascia and invaded into lung parenchyme, Adjuvant chemotherapy was done after each operation, but radiotherapy[5000 Rad] was done only after 1st operation. There was no evidence of recurrence after last operation. The patient is well-being still now.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.611-616
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate change in the polygalacturonase and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, pectins, cell wall structure of persimmon fruit during ripening and softening. Polygalacturonase and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities were not detected at turning stage. However polygalacturonase activities of mature and soft persimmon fruits were 55.01 and 206.70units/100g-fresh weight(fr. wt.), respectively. ${\beta}-Galactosidase$ activities of mature and soft persimmon fruits were 21.79 and 380.23unit/100g-fr. wt. respectively. The contents of total and insoluble pectins increased during maturation but decreased during softening. The content of water-soluble pectin increased during maturation and softening. The intercellular space was in larged during ripening, and middle lamella was degraded in mature persimmon fruit, and the cells of soft persimmon fruit were separated each other.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.14
• /
• pp.5909-5916
• /
• 2014

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and HPV related immune perturbation play important roles in the development of cervical cancer. Since mature dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), they could be primed by HPV antigens against cervical cancers. In this study we were able to generate, maintain and characterize, both phenotypically and functionally, patient specific dendritic cells in vitro. A randomized Phase I trial with three arms - saline control (arm I), unprimed mature DC (arm II) and autologous tumor lysate primed mature DC (arm III) and fourteen patients was conducted. According to WHO criteria, grade 0 or grade one toxicity was observed in three patients. One patient who received tumor lysate primed dendritic cells and later cis-platin chemotherapy showed a complete clinical response of her large metastatic disease and remained disease free for more than 72 months. Our findings indicate that DC vaccines hold promise as adjuvant sfor cervical cancer treatment and further studies to improve their efficacy need to be conducted.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 1987

Naturally occurring canine transmissible venereal tumors of genital organs in mature and regressive stages from 6 dogs were examined by transmission electron microscope. The tumor cells at the stage of maturation were comprised of large round and ovoid cells with prominent nuclei and nucleoli, a few spindle-shaped cells, and irregularly shaped cells. The mature round cells were characterized by the presence of a central ovoid to irregularly round nucleus with a large eccentric nucleolus, vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, round to oval swollen mitochondria with few cristae, Golgi's apparatus, and plasma membranes with numerous microvilli. As the tumor degenerated, the tumor cells were increased in the number of spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like and irregularly shaped cells, collagen bundles, and mainly lymphocytes, in contrast to those of the stage of maturation. Regressing tumor cells were characterized by the swelling and vacuolation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, membrane-bound granules, lamellar complex, tubular structures, and dense bundles of collagen. It was suggested that transformation might occur in the course of tumor growth causing morphological change from the round to the fibroblast-like cells, and that there was the evidence of cell-mediated tumor cell lysis by lymphocyte infiltration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2003

Ultrastructure of germ cell during gametogenesis of surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis were investigated by electron microscopic observations. Oogonia are oval in shape and 5-6 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. They contain a large nucleus and have several mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Vitellogenic oocytes grew attached by a stalk to the germinal epithelium in the ovarian sac and their cytoplasm contained many yolk granules, lipid granules and mitochondria. Mature oocytes measuring 50-60 ${\mu}m$ in diameter have a nucleus containing an electron dense nucleolus, and a lots of yolk granules, lipid granules, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and cortical granules were present in the cytoplasm. The surface of the plasma membrane in mature oocytes was formed of microvilli approximately 1.5 ${\mu}m$ long and enveloped in the vitelline layer. Spematogonia are oval in shape and about 5 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Sprmatogonia develop into spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon. The spermatozoon consisted of the head, midpiece and tail. The sperm head with diameter of about 1.5 ${\mu}m$ was ovoid, and contained the nucleus which consisted of acrosome. The four mitochondria encircled the centrosome in midpiece. The flagellum measuring about 40 ${\mu}m$ long had the classical 9+2 axoneme structure.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 1985

A observation of the ovarian development and oogenesis of Pieris rapae Linne has been carried out during metamorphosis using stereo-microscope, light microscope and electron microscope. The results obtained through this experiment are as follows: 1. The ovarian development and vitellogenesis begin at the 3-day old pupa and the 6-day old pupa respectively, and the adult ovary right after their emergence contains a few mature eggs. 2. The species described above are further observed at six different stages in oogenesis, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) Pieris rapae has polytrophic ovarioles. The cell organelles of the nurse cells are transfered to the oocyte through the ring canal at the early oogenesis. 2) At stage 2, the nuclear envelope of oocyte nucleus is less infolding than that of nurse cell nucleus. In the oocyte cytoplasm a large number of ribosomes are observed. 3) At stage 3 and 4, many micropinocytotic vesicles are observed in the oocyte cytoplasm. These vesicles are fused together to form large proteid yolks. 4) At stage 5, the vitelline membrane is laid down in the intercellular space between the follicle cells and oocyte. 5) At stage 6, the chorion is formed by the follicle cells. 6) A micropyle and a number of aeropyle are observed on the surface of a mature egg.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1993

Plant regeneration was accomplished from protoplast culture of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taebaeg). Embryogenic callus was induced from mature seed on MS medium containing 5 mM proline, 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose in the dark at 28$^{\circ}C$ and used to establish embryogenic cell suspension culture. Suspension cells were subcultured every one week in N6 medium supplemented with 5 mM proline, 200 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D and amino acids of AA medium. Suspension cultures were composed of cells that were densely cytoplasmic, potentially embryogenic and were at least maintained for more than 6 months in liquid medium. Protoplasts were isolated from fast-growing suspension culture cells and cultured in a slightly modified KpR medium by mixed nurse culture. Isolated protoplasts began to divide within 5~7 days and thereafter, protoplast-derived calli were sequentially transferred to callus proliferating medium that soft agar MS medium contained 2 mg/L 2,4-D and produced distinct embryogenic cells. Microcolonies were then transferred to solid medium which consisted of MS medium containing 5 mg/L kinetin, 1 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L ABA, 30 g/L sucrose and 10 g/L sorbitol under fluorescent light. Mulitple shoots of 4~5 per callus emerged and were transferred to hormone-free MS medium for root initiation. Thereafter, The plantlets were transferred to pots of soil to mature in the culture room.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1985.08b
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1985

Plastids, which are organelles unique to plant cells, bear their own genome that is organized into DNA-protein complexes (nucleoids). Regulation of gene expression in the plastid has been extensively investigated because this organelle plays an important role in photosynthesis. Few attempts, however, have been made to characterize the regulation of plastid gene expression at the chromosomal structure, using plastid nucleoids. In this report, we summarize the recent progress in the characterization of DNA-binding proteins in plastids, with special emphasis on CND41, a DNA binding protein, which we recently identified in the choloroplast nucleoids from photomixotrophically cultured tobacco cells. CND41 is a protein of 502 amino acids which consisted of a transit peptide of 120 amino acids and a mature protein of 382 amino acids. The N-terminal of the 'mature' protein has lysine-rich region which is essential for DNA-binding. CNA41 also showed significant identities to some aspartyl proteases. Protease activity of purified CND41 has been recently confirmed and characterized. On the other hand, characterization of accumulation of CND41 both in wild type and transgenic tobacco with reduced amount of CND41 suggests that CND41 is a negative regulator in chloroplast gene expression. Further investigation indicated that gene expression of CND41 is cell-specifically and developmentally regulated as well as sugar-induced expression. The reduction of CND41 expression in transgenic tobacco also brought the stunted plant growth due to the reduced cell length in stem. GA3 treatment on apical meristem reversed the dwarf phenotype in the transformants. Effects of CND41 expression on GA biosynthesis will be discussed