• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.548-560
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• 2001

Purpose: This study is used to investigate and understand types of meaning in life of matriarch. Methods: This study is based on a Q-methodological approach. Thirty nine statements concerning meaning in life were selected. Twenty seven women were chosen as a subject group for this study. Their opinions were shown in 39 statements divided into 9 scales by forced distribution. Results: TypeI was named "self-transcendental and future- oriented types". In this types a one pursued attitudinal value by religion. Type II was named "Realistic and responsibility fulfilling types". This type pursued creative and experiential value. Type III was named "Encounter and relationship oriented type". This types pursued experiential value. Type IV was named "Realistic self-actualizing type". This types pursued creative value. Type V was named "Altruistic and commitmental types". This type pursued creative, experiential, and attitudinal value. Conclusion: Considering the structure of finding the meaning in life of matriarchs, all types had responsibility and self-control in their lives and lived for present however, only typeI lived for the future. It seem necessary to understand each matriarchs meaning in life and nursing needs to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the type matriarch she is.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-132
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to improved self-esteem of matriarch, and it focused on the verification of its effect by implementing a group program. The followings are the results. First of all, the matriarchs who participated in the program experienced an increase in their self-esteem, compared to the level before the program. Secondly, as each session passed, the cohesion of the group members became stronger, and both interest ana participation in the program increased. Thirdly, in terms of the individual changes of the group members, they all deviated from the past condition of being overly cautious around each other, and started to display the formation of harmonious personal relationships, showing appreciation and encouragement towards each other.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was $173.46{\pm}16.09$. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.982-994
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• 2000

This study was designed to develop a program for unemployed matriarchs and show if the program affected their view on the meaning in life. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs, which is being practiced in the 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The researchers selected 44 persons from the group who agreed to our program. This study was done from the 10th of March, 1999 to the 9th of October. The researchers used the measurement tools, The Purpose in Life, Self-esteem, Hope and Meaning in Life which was composed of 63 items developed by them. Their Cronbach's alpha were .88, .79, .76 and .95. The researchers analyzed the data with frequency, percentage, Mean, S.D, Wilcoxon signed ranks test which were deduced from SPSS 10.0 WIN program. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The program is composed of 'becoming intimate', 'open-minded', 'exploration on self', 'relax of repressed emotion', 'self- acceptance', 'establishing the life-goal', 'enrichment of human relationship' and closing. It took 20 hours for this program to come into practice. 2) According to the analysis of the general traits of all subjects, average age was 39.36. High school graduates were 86%, college graduates were 14% and divorce were 57%, bereavement were 18%, and the rest were 25%. 3) The result of 1st progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 4) The result of 2nd progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 5) The result of 3rd progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life, creative meaning, and attitudinal meaning during the program was high. 6) The result of 4th progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life and creative meaning during the program was high. On the viewpoint of above results, we convinced that 'a program for unemployed matriarch is effective to establish a stronger meaning in life. Therefore, it is demanded that support for unemployed matriarchs should not only be economic help such as technical training and help of living expenses, but also psychological, professional and systematic support.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study has main purpose to understand the traditional house, not by outside researcher's but by inside dweller's view. The house in Geochang, is descendent house of Jeong-On who was faithful scholar at Chosen Dynasty. In order to understand, I restore firstly the house form and space at traditional era, 60 years ago, and every dwellers not only family members but also servants and guests, by interviewing old matriarch. One of the main rules of the house disposition is Ancester worshipping life. Worshipping floor of Anchae, main building, is located unusually in front of Shrine for Jeong-On, in order to connect all activities directly. Sarangchae, men's building, opened to the funeral mourners, is separated by a wall because women have to serve foods and wail at the backside. Space for everyday life is separated by man/woman, insider/outsider, master/subordinate. Agricultural production is also key factor of the space allocation: big storage buildings for rice crop needed to tenant farming. Both activities of ancestor worship ceremony and guest greeting need large kitchen annex area for food preparation and serving space of rear veranda floor. A number of guests visit the house: guest-greeting activity is taken place from the family pavilion, Neungheo-Jeong and Saranchae by the social position. This study show that architectural space and form of the house reflects exactly dwellers life.