• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.46-53
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• 2015

Electrical construction cost index is composed of the cost of albor and material. The producer price index is used to the cost of material. The Bank of Korea restructured the formation method and the basic period of the producer price index in 2013. Because fixed-weighted method can't faithfully reflect industrial structure changes. The weighted value and price index of fixed-weighted method is fixed on the basicp eriod. Electrical construction cost index is changed from fixed-weighted method to chain-weighted method in september 2014, because of these on the need. But the change of organization in formation method changes the weighted value. So there is the need of analysis about the statistical continuity of electrical construction cost index. This study is focused on the time series analysis between fixed-weighted and chain-weighted electrical construction cost index. We uses unit root test, cointegration test, regression analysis of long and short term equation, fitness for the estimation of static forecast as time series analysis. We verify that chain-weighted electrical construction cost index can be replaced to fixed-weighted construction cost index accounting analyses result. So users of it recognize that chain-weighted electrical construction cost index has statistical continuity.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Structural qualification plan (SQP) for aerospace vehicle is based on material certification methodology, which must be approved by certification authority. It is internationally required to use of statistically based material allowables to design aerospace vehicles with aerospace materials. In order to comply with this regulation, it is necessary to establish relatively large amount of database, which increases test costs and time. Recently NASA/FAA develop the new methodology which results in cost, time, and risk reduction, and satisfies the regulation at the same time. This paper summarizes the certification methodology of materials system as a part of structural qualification plan (SQP) of aerospace vehicles and also thermal management of the vehicle system, like thermal protection materials system and thermally conductive material system. Materials design allowable was determined using this method for a carbon/epoxy composite material.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.1164-1167
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• 2003

Recently CRT is getting flatted, As change of CRT trend from normal type to Flat type, the material of Shadow Mask was also changed from AK(Aluminum Killed) to Invar(Fe-Ni alloy) materials Until now we have used just AK(Aluminum Killed) for normal type TV(not flat type), but main raw material of shadow mask component was changed. . However recently Invar(Fe-Ni alloy) materials, which has advantage of Low Thermal Expansion and High Strength, has been developed as well as applying in mass production as CRT's trend has become more flat and fine pitch. As main raw material of shadow mask component was changed, conditions of process were changed. One of them, the importance of pre-etching process (assistant process for developing & etching) is improved because there are so many particles in the pre-etching bath because of Ni compounds. Since the solubility of Ni in pre-etching solvent is very low related to Fe's, so the compounds of Ni happen to make particles.(the solubility of Fe is twenty times Ni's) that particles happen to make process troubles and NG productions so to clear the particles we had to established high cost filtering system, but it is useless. As time goes by the quantity of particles (Ni compounds) was increased because of the capability of filtering system was not enough, the particles was produced continuous in bath, and it make quality problems. Hence we tried to develop the new pre-etching solution to remove the particles (Ni compounds) and to cost down the filtering system's running cost. But in improving the solution we discovered the new pre-etching solution made the PR developing better. In former solution there were three kinds of chemistry (COOH)2 , H2O2 , H2S04 .first the function of (COOH)2 is drilling the surface of Invar, during this mechanism Ni compounds occurred. Second the function of H202 is removing the PR fringe (half UV exposure zone on PR(PVA)), Third the function of H2S04 is the catalysis of (COOH)2 In those, (COOH)2 was the main reason to make the Ni compounds. So to improve the solutions we had to change (COOH)2 to the other material. the chemistry we improved was a complex chemistry based on H2S04 . after using this chemistry the particles problem was disappeared and there was another advantage cut down the PR fringe. The New solution made the function of H202 better so the PR developing improved. To be direct the catalyst of the new solution helped the H202. anyway First thing after change the solution the quality of shadow Mask for flat color TV was improved & the yield also improved. But the more important thing is how to control the new solution. So we accepted the new concept which was the degree of freshness. The degree of freshness is based on non-reacted solution which was 100% ( the degree of freshness) and calculated the melted Ni quantity as time goes by. So we made the gauging liner plot. In conclusion, many companies tried to make fine pitched Shadow Mask ,generally to make quality jump up it needed a lot of cost & persons .in this case the shift of core material made it possible.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1977

The results analyzed of the actual state of medium size two-boat trawler fishery based on the cost expended in 1975 are as follows: According to the calculation of interest, the total cost of this fishery comes to ￦ 55,353,807, and in this account, the production cost comes to ￦ 49,747,383 (89.9%) and the material cost comes to ￦ 27,027,662(48.8%), the labour cost comes to ￦ 10,381,013 (18.8%) the expenses, ￦12,338,708(22.3%) and commision and interest comes to ￦ 5,606,424 (10.1%). As above the fishery comes is 90% of production cost for the expense of production. The ratio of cost element to the total cost 100 is as follow: Fuel: 23.6%, allocation: 14.3%, fishing gear: 14.1%, boat repair: 13.0%, fish box: 8.5%, ice: 14.1%, commission: 6.9%, food cost: 4.5%, interest: 3.2%, transportation fee: 2.8%, consumption: 2.6%, tax: 2.5%, depreciation: 2.4%, administrative expense: 1.6%. The unit cost of catches to each box, including the interest, cames to ￦ 2,167 and not calculating the interest it comes to ￦ 2,098. The cost production to each kg comes to ￦ 114 including interest, without interest, it comes ￦110. When the production cost comes to 90.6%, it comes to 9.4% of total revenue. The reason which this fishery brings low income is that the boats are almost old and semi-diesel engine is used. So, fuel expense and repaire expenses needs too much. Acconding to above this fishery needs to replace new boat and new engine. And new are for this fishery needs to bring under cultivation in order to bring good income with the new method for this fishery. Specially, this fishery brings low income from July to September because of its rest from labour. And so, the expenses, item, and account of money, and the trust money the cost element are not showed in August.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.2
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• pp.209-235
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• 1998

Traditional cost system is distorted due to the using unit-based measure. It is being criticized that it do a poor job of attributing the expenses of support resources to the production and sales of individual product. Activity Based Cost System expend the range of second-stage cost assignment drivers beyond the traditional measures of labor and machine times, units produced, and material quantities to allow for drivers that measure the amount of batch-level, product-sustaining, and facility-sustaining activities performed. It is a resources consumption model of organization, not just a more complex cost accounting of cost allocation system. This paper proposes a enterprise resource planning by activity based management. To effective performance system for company that want to be setting competitive levels, the information systems must support a fast moving, rapidly changing. Activity based management is a process of accumulating and tracing cost and performance da to a firm's activities and providing feedback of actual results against the planned cost to initiate corrective action where required. Therefore this system provides a highly powerful decision-making tool. To construct this system, we need Enterprise Resource Planning System. Since ERP is designed around the idea that rapid change and a degree of unhandled change is normal, it allows driving the customer's rapidly needs much deeper through the business cycle.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.106-113
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an appropriate trade-off information for the conflicting interests caused by the various factors between building owner and contractor during selecting the contractor and performing the construction work, in which the construction was contracted by open bidding from the government or private organizations. In order to propose the legitimate evidence, the differences between the domestic contract sheet of drawing change and the process of drawing change and those of the foreign countries were compared and analysed The number of construction ordered in Youngdong area in 2001 whose construction expenses are more than 100,000,000 won is 218 items and 147,005,000,000 won in total cost Among them, the number of 218 items whose total cost amounts to 16,705,000,000 (11.36$\%$) is in case of increase of construction expenses due to the drawing changes, and the number of 48 items whose tool cost amounts to 2,009,000,000 won (1.37$\%$) is the case of decrease. In conclusions, the contractor could have more benefits than the building owner in case they submit the detailed estimate sheet without eliminating the increasing expenses of construction. It is shown that the building owner's loss is increasing whenever the labor cost is higher material cost Therefore, this thesis proposes a proper standards for the harmonious compromise between the contractor and the building owner for the problems caused by the drawing changes when the contract agreement is occurred.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2014

This paper reports on the development of a minimum cost design model and its application for obtaining economic designs for reinforced High Strength Concrete (HSC) T-sections in bending under ultimate limit state conditions. Cost objective functions, behavior constraint including material nonlinearities of steel and HSC, conditions on strain compatibility in steel and concrete and geometric design variable constraints are derived and implemented within the Conjugate Gradient optimization algorithm. Particular attention is paid to problem formulation, solution behavior and economic considerations. A typical example problem is considered to illustrate the applicability of the minimum cost design model and solution methodology. Results are confronted to design solutions derived from conventional design office methods to evaluate the performance of the cost model and its sensitivity to a wide range of unit cost ratios of construction materials and various classes of HSC described in Eurocode2. It is shown, among others that optimal solutions achieved using the present approach can lead to substantial savings in the amount of construction materials to be used. In addition, the proposed approach is practically simple, reliable and computationally effective compared to standard design procedures used in current engineering practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

This study is to find out the betterment way of cost down in the architectural temporary work. To do so, it is more important to check every case above all and find and choice optimum way fitting a scene of a construction field. In addition, in case that the way to apply in proportion to a given condition is complicated, the way to find out cost down way is to adopt the individual peculiarity instead of the generality. Hereupon this study is rather to find out the better way to reduce such as material and manpower cost than to leave matters not to be settled to get the best way in the existing temporary work. So this study is composed with finding the existing problems, fixing the focus about the developmental way to reduce cost in the exterior and interior temporary work, presenting the new construction way and describing the merits and attentions of an improved exterior and interior temporary work.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.795-802
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• 2010

Currently, the business environment has been rapidly changed due to the fast globalization and development of information technology. Therefore, many companies are trying to change their management system by improving their own decision making systems and innovations. Many domestic enterprises are introducing or considering the ERP system. In the field of ERP management accounting, there are many auxiliary functions for helping efficient internal management analysis for company. In this paper, we proposed and developed an improved method for minimize the variance between standard cost and actual cost of materials of the company. In this method we proposed efficient ERP cost management system considering current cost component including currency and actual material cost and overhead costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2015

Formwork accounts for 10% of the total construction cost and 30~40% of the framework cost, which is a fairly large part. Various system forms were developed for improved economic feasibility and constructability of formwork and for reduced construction duration. In general, the price of system forms per unit area is higher than that of the conventional method, yet the total construction cost can be reduced through higher reusability and constructability. However, if the reusability of forms is excessively increased to cut down the material cost, it may increase the construction duration, which will result in cost increase. On the other hand, if the reusability is decreased for reduction of construction duration, it may lead to cost increase caused by excessive input of materials. To solve such a problem, an algorithm for simplified reuse planning that meets the requirements of construction duration, cost, quality and safety is required. In this regard, the study intends to perform a fundamental research for development of reuse planning automation algorithms on system forms that are used on girders and beams.