• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the amount of the household work time related to food and examine the factors affecting the time accomplished by married female home-based workers and on-site workers. The data were collected from 165 married female home-based workers, and 292 married female on-site workers in Pusan and Kyungnam province, by the self-administered questionnaire. frequency distributions, Cronbach's alpha, t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS/PC+. The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) both married female home-based and on-site workers spent more time on household work related to food in a weekend than in a weekday, (2) in a weekday, occupation was significantly related to the amount of time that married female home-based workers spent on food household work, whereas age and occupation were significant for married female on-site workers, (3) on Saturday, the significant factors of the time spent on food household work were the number of family and occupation for married female home-based workers, and educational level, occupation, sex role attitude, existence of children of 6 years or under, and existence of elders/disability within the family for married female on-site workers, and (4) on Sunday, for married female home-based workers, the number of family, occupation, and the level of market good substitution had significant effects on the amount of time spent on food household work, and for married female on-site workers, age, the number of family, occupation, sex role attitude, work hours on Sunday, and the level of market good substitution were significant.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2001

This study examined housework time management strategies between married female home-based workers and on-site workers, and found out the factors affecting the housework time management strategies. The data were collected from 165 married female home-based workers, and 292 married female on-site workers in Pusan and Kyungnam province, by self-administered questionnaire. Frequency distributions, Cronbachs alpha, t-tests, Pearsons correlations, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS/PC+. The major findings of this study were kas follows: 1) Married female home-based workers more used obtaining additional help and personal time reallocation than married female on-site workers. 2) For married female home-based workers, educational attainment and occupation were significant factors affecting housework time management strategies, and for married female on-site workers, employment hours per week and existence of elders/disability within the family were important variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2004

This study examined the time use of married female home-based workers in comparison with married female on-site workers. The data were collected from 165 home-based workers and 292 on-site workers in Busan and Kyungnam province, by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequency distributions, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS/PC/sup +/. The major findings are summarized as follows: (1) both groups spent more time in physiological activities, household work, and leisure on weekends than on weekdays, while they spent more time in work on weekdays than on weekends; and (2) generally, the age of the youngest child and the home presence of an aged or handicapped relative had effects on the time use of home-based workers. These results imply that home-based workers need to develop some strategies for time management to harmonize their home-based work with household work.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.47-66
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find the difference of household/work characteristics, family life satisfaction, and work satisfaction between home-based workers and out-of-home workers. The data of this study was collected from 230 married womens(home-based worker : 103 cases out-of-home worker : 127 cases) living in seoul. The major findings of the study are as follows. 1) Home-based worker's consumption expenditure structure, wive's housework time, schedule flexibility and degree of interruption, work loads were significantly higher than out-of-home workers. 2) Home-based worker's average monthly wage of her own and work time were significantly lower than out-of-home jokers. 3) Home-based worker's child care satisfaction and time use satisfaction were significantly higher than out-of-home workers. Out-of-home worker's self-fulfillment satisfaction, satisfaction of relation with supervisor, job stability satisfaction, work time satisfaction was significantly higher than home-based workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of market goods substitution of housework and find out the determinants on it in the domain of food among married female home-based workers. The data were collected from 169 married female home-based workers in Pusan and Kyungnam province, by self-administered questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In the convenience foods, frozen foods had the highest substitution level, whereas prepared stew had the lowest. The substitution level of Korean traditional storage foods was the middle. And in dining-out service, the substitution level was mostly high: the level of delivery service was higher than that of dining-out. Compared to the previous research, these results showed that market goods substitution tended to increase, and its level in the domain of food will promote continually over time. The variables affecting the substitution level of convenience food were the number of family members, occupation, the existence of elderly/disabled person in the family, sex-role attitude, and weekly hours at home-based work. The substitution level of Korean traditional storage foods was influenced by sex-role attitude, occupation, education, monthly household income, and the existence of elderly/disabled person in the family. The significant variables affecting the substitution level of dining-out service were weekly hours at home-based work, the number of family members, occupation, monthly household income, education, and sex-role attitude.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.791-803
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate and compare the breakfast habits of workers (189 males and 182 females) and college students (217 males and 225 females) living in Gyeongnam (Masan, Jinhae, Changwon) based upon gender in each group. Most college students were in their twenties and not married while workers were in their twenties, thirties, and forties. Age distribution was even and 58,0% of them were married. Exactly 77% of the subjects were middle class, and 35.1% answered that their monthly allowances were less than 200,000 won. Exactly 36.5% of the subjects had breakfast regularly, and workers had breakfast more regularly than college students (p<.05). Subjects chose lack of time as their biggest reason for skipping breakfast (41.7%), and workers better understood that having breakfast is important (p<.001). Exactly 62.7% of the subjects displayed symptoms of skipping breakfast, with college students more frequently susceptible than workers (p<.001). Subjects' most frequent symptom was decreased concentration (40.6%). Exactly 67.0% of the subjects ate bap, guk, and mitbanchan as breakfast; the ratio was higher for college students' compared to workers and female students compared to male students. When preparing breakfast, 35.3% of the subjects considered digestible food first. Exactly 54.7% of the subjects preferred bap for breakfast, and college students preferred it more than the workers. Subjects ate kimbap the most when eating breakfast outside of the home; 62.1% of them emphasized convenience and 36.7% answered 2,100-3,000 won is proper price.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.143-166
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of employees' gender role attitudes, job involvement, and family involvement on their work-family conflicts, work-family facilitation, and utilization of family-friendly corporate policies. Data was collected from 377 full-time married workers from 262 large (more than 300 employees) and 100 small (fewer than 300 employees) private sector companies. The questionnaire's measurements were based on recommendations from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of the gender role attitude scales, job and family involvement scales, work-family conflict and facilitation scales, and questions pertaining to the employee's utilization of family-friendly corporate policies. The SPSS 12.0 statistical package was used to analyze the collected data. The study found that employees showed more or less egalitarian gender role attitudes and that they were more involved in their family than their job. The employees' responses showed a low rate of utilizing family-friendly policies, but employees from large companies reported a higher utilization of family-friendly policies than those from small companies. There were also gender differences in employees' gender role attitudes, work and family involvement, and utilization of policies. Male workers held more traditional gender role attitudes, had higher levels of job involvement, and had higher rates of utilization of policies than female employees. Meanwhile, employees with children exhibited more traditional gender role attitudes and higher rates of utilization of policies than those without children. Finally, serial hierarchical regression analyses revealed that employees' more egalitarian gender role attitudes and higher job and family involvement predict higher work-family facilitation, while their gender role attitudes and job and family involvement have no significant influence on work-family conflicts. Also, employees from large companies with high job involvement will have significantly higher utilization rates of family-friendly corporate policies.