• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2020

The reinforcement of the token, which is based on the token economy currently applied in blockchain-based cryptography, plays a critical role in forming the cryptographic-related ecosystem. Therefore, in this paper, it was investigated the reinforcement principle of token supporting the Token economy for blockchain model. In order to create a healthy ecosystem based on the reinforcement system principle, it is necessary to find ways to secure scalability by seeking consensus between the participants and the market economy structure so that it can generate an influx of more participants than seeking to maximize profits of certain people. Desirable behavior is defined as an action required by ecosystem participants that have the property of making the token ecosystem sustainable, and to do so, each individual receives appropriate incentives (rewards) when taking this action, ultimately encouraging voluntary participation and action by all participants in the ecosystem to optimize the interests of both individuals and participants. The expected benefit of this study may contribute to the establishment of various business models based on the principle of the reinforcement system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.138-147
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• 2015

The primary focus of Korea's advertisement policy has been on the securing of stability in the market through building categorical entry barriers whenever a new broadcaster came into the market. But the recent contraction of the advertisement market is pressing the policy makers to lift the categorical barriers to create one large-enough market. This change in the policy and the market, in turn, is triggering heightened competition among drama producers to get advertisements, at times, even at the expense of cost efficiency. The market is supposed to search for its own equilibrium in principle. This means that players, who fall behind, should be left to die out and exit, and the patient policy to let the market function on its own should be institutionalized. Separately, the fee-based public broadcasters should be banned from running advertisements.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2013

This paper suggests optimal location algorithm of new firm $A(F_A)^{\prime}s$ p(p$B(F_B)$ already operating q outlets of sports in the market. This algorithm selects top q nodes among $V=V{\backslash}F_B$ nodes that covers maximum nodes based on the shortest distance. Then, q nodes choose next node that has a maximum cover with inclusion-exclusion principle. At the time of same number of cardinality in q sets to pre-defined q, we select the maximum cover node set. This algorithm called by competitive algorithm. The competitive algorithm simply decides the optimal location of the outlets p=1,2,3,4 for q=5. Also, we show that the market share of competitive algorithm can be maximize.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.149-170
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• 2015

State's compensation obligation accompanied in case of indirect expropriation of foreign investor's investment asset has been established definite principle under international investment law. But the concrete and unified application criterion regarding valuation methods for measuring compensation have not been established yet. The World Bank investment guideline is adopting the Hull's Formula, which is understood as the full compensation standard with prompt adequate effective compensation and Fair Market Value method. It is a general principle that compensation should be equal to the fair market value of investment asset just before indirect expropriation date. However, there is a problem of the valuation method of fair market value of investment asset. In general, discounted cash flow, liquidation value, replacement value, book value, etc. can be the applicable standards. Arbitral tribunals determine compensation by adopting proper valuation method on a case-by-case basis according to the discretion based on the arbitration parties' experts' review on the presented opinion and by considering fact relevance of the issued dispute. This compensation includes also interest, recently it tends to award according to compound interest rather than simple interest. Beginning of the period to generate interest is the next day of the indirect expropriation occurrence date. And it should be considered that interest until the payment of compensation is also included. In addition, it should be considered that mental damages is available only when there's a basis to prove this or special case. Therefore, this study suggests to review of precedents related to indirect expropriation and concretely specify compensation valuation standard and method of indirect expropriation on investment agreements through enough consultation beforehand.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5982-5988
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• 2015

This study is about what effect the proverb of the stock has on the investment behavior by the stock investors. It confirmed if the investors knew the stock proverb that had been used in the stock market for a long time, examined the stock investors applied this content to the real investment process, analyzed if the application influenced the investment result. For this, this study selected total 29 stock proverbs about the investment principle, diversified investment, item selection, time of buying and selling, and value tendency which were being used in the stock market and frequently quoted in the stock-related literature to conduct a questionnaire targeting 191 stock investors and analyze the result. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed the investors of 14% applied the stock proverb to invest and created the profit through it. It is expected the stock investors and the stock market used the analyzed stock proverb statistics through these helpful study and results to apply to the stock investment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.313-316
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• 1998

Inspired by the principle of the open market, a future network service model is forced to permit a much greater degree of flexibility, reconfigurability, programmability, protability and maintainability in telecommunication infrastructure. In this paper, one of standardization activities for the open programmable network model, IEEE standardization project P1520 (Application Programming Interfaces for Networks), is discussed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

Purpose - The principle aim of this study is to further investigate the relationship between market diversity and export performance. We examine the benefits and costs of geographic market diversity regarding the number of countries exported to by firms on their export performance. Based on the financial risk reduction model and the entry costs model, we propose a way to incorporate the costs and benefits aspects of market diversity. Design/methodology - To empirically investigate our research question, the curvilinear relationship between market diversity and export performance, we built a secondary panel data set between 2015 and 2019, containing 17,863 observations of Korean exporting companies. A generalized least squares panel estimator with fixed effects was employed to test the hypothesis, and the statistical package, Stata 14, was used. Findings - Our main findings are as follows: As market diversity increases, export performance increases because exporters can diversify and reduce financial risks in export markets. However, the relationship between the two does not grow. As it peaks, the entry costs increase due to the high market diversity, thereby outweighing the benefits, leading, eventually to decrease in the export performance. Consequently, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between market diversity and export performance. Originality/value - In the export and trade literature, the impact of market diversity on export performance has not been addressed yet, despite the importance of this subject. Many scholars have assumed a positive linear relationship between the two, considering only the decrease in market risks as the number of overseas markets increases, without examining the increase in the entry and management costs. Therefore, our study contributes by providing a new perspective for analyzing the characteristics and outcomes of market diversity.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.254-257
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• 2012

Hedge funds can be established in Korea after the deregulation about setting up private equity funds on September, 2011. Although the variety of asset allocation strategies is the strength of hedge funds, most of Korean hedge funds uses only the equity long/short strategy. Therefore, it is need to introduce other strategies into Korea hedge funds, however all strategies can not be adopted at once because of the infrastructure of Korea financial market. In this paper, we find the optimal introductive order of strategies for Korea hedge fund in view of individual or institutional investors. For this analysis, HFRI data are used for the historical return of each hedge fund strategy and three methods (network visualization, principle component analysis and efficient frontier optimization) are used for finding the optimal order.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.1_2
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• pp.337-347
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• 2008

Based on social welfare maximum theory, the optimal scale of power plants entering generation power market being is researched. A static non-cooperative game model for short-term optimization of power plants with different cost is presented. And the equilibrium solutions and the total social welfare are obtained. According to principle of maximum social welfare selection, the optimization model is solved, optimal number of power plants entering the market is determined. The optimization results can not only increase the customer surplus and improve power production efficiency, but also sustain normal profits of power plants and scale economy of power production, and the waste of resource can also be avoided. At last, case results show that the proposed model is efficient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.329-337
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• 2003

Stock market prediction is regarded as a challenging task of financial time-series prediction. There have been many studies using artificial neural networks in this area. Recently, support vector machines (SVMs) are regarded as promising methods for the prediction of financial time-series because they me a risk function consisting the empirical ewer and a regularized term which is derived from the structural risk minimization principle. In this study, I apply SVM to predicting the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI). In addition, this study examines the feasibility of applying SVM in financial forecasting by comparing it with back-propagation neural networks and case-based reasoning. The experimental results show that SVM provides a promising alternative to stock market prediction.