• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2018

Purpose: The Glycyrrhiza uralensis species (Leguminosae) as a medicinal biocompound, and one of its root components, isoliquritigenin (ISL), which is a flavonoid, has been reported to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. However, its function in bone formation has not been studied yet. In this study, we tested the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (ErLR) and baked Glycyrrhiza uralensis (EdLR) extracts on osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in various levels of ErLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), EdLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), or ISL (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}M$) in time sequences (1, 5, and 20 days). Also, isoliquritigenin (ISL) was tested for comparison to those two biocompound extracts. Results: MTT assay results showed that all three compounds (ErLR, EdLR, and ISL) increased osteoblastic-cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner for one day. In addition, both ErLR and EdLR compounds elevated the osteoblast proliferation for 5 or 20 days. Extracellular ALP activity was also increased as ErLR, EdLR, and ISL concentration increased at 20 days, which implies the positive effect of Glycyrrhiza species on osteoblast mineralization. The bone-related marker mRNAs were upregulated in the ErLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 gene expression was also elevated in the ErLR- and EdLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts may be useful for preventing osteoporosis by increasing cell proliferation, ALP activity, and bone-marker gene expression in osteoblastic cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of the marker compounds and anti-inflammatory effect of Gamisoyo-san decoction (GMSYS) depending on storage temperature and periods. Methods: GMSYS was stored at room temperature or refrigeration for 12 months. According to storage temperature and periods, pH and sugar content of GMSYS were measured. To determine the marker compounds of GMSYS, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed. To estimate the anti-inflammatory effect of GMSYS, LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: There was no change in pH and sugar content depending on storage temperature and periods of GMSYS. The contents of gallic acid and mangiferin in both of room temperature and refrigerated decoctions reduced with increasing storage periods. Chlorogenic acid was time-dependently decreased in case of stored at room temperature. GMSYS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. These effects equally maintained up to 3 months at both of room temperature and refrigeration. Since 4 months, the inhibitory effect of GMSYS on LPS-induced $PGE_2$ production was time-dependently reduced, and the decrease in $PGE_2$ inhibitory effect of decoction stored at refrigeration was lower than that of stored at room temperature. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of GMSYS are maintained up to 12 months, but it shows optimal efficacy up to 3 months. It is recommended to store in a refrigeration for short periods since some components decrease as storage periods becomes longer.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

A traditional herbal formula, Gyeji-tang has been used to treat the early colds, headache, chills, and fever in Asian countries. In this study, we were performed simultaneous determination of the 14 bioactive marker compounds, gallic acid, spinosin, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, liquilitigenin, coumarin, cinnmamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Gyeji-tang using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Analytical column was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and maintained at $45^{\circ}C$ with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive and negative modes by a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The calibration curves of 14 bioactive marker compounds showed linearity with correlation coefficients ${\geq}0.9798$. The limits of detection and quantification values were in the range of 0.11-6.66 ng/mL and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, the amounts of tested 14 compounds in the lyophilized Gyeji-tang sample were detected up to $85.7{\mu}g/g$. These results may be useful for quality assessment of a traditional herbal formulas.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.652-659
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• 2018

In this study, baicalin, as a marker substance of Scutellariae Radix, was quantitatively analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). We identified wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in the Scutellariae Radix by a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS). The baicalin was separated on a Xterra C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using mobile phase consisting of 38% acetonitrile in 0.68% phosphoric acid. The baicalin spectrum in the Scutellariae Radix extracts was coincided by comparing with UV-visible spectrum (200-550 nm) of baicalin standard in the library. The amount of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix was 10.46%, which is higher than KFDA's guideline. The marker substances of Scutellariae Radix showed a strong base peak $[M]^+$ in the positive detection mode following as; baicalin (m/z; $271[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $447[M+H]^+$), wogonoside (m/z; $285[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $461[M+H]^+$), baicalein (m/z; $271\;[M+H]^+$), wogonin (m/z; $285[M+H]^+$). These results are consistent with the fragment pattern and molecular weight of standard components from literature.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

Microsatellite(MS) marker는 가축의 유전적 특성 및 계통간의 유연관계 분석에 있어 많이 이용되고 있는 분자유전학적 유전표지로 유전체 상에 널리 분포하고 있으며, 높은 변별력과 검출이 간편하다. 본 연구는 한협 8개 계통과 토종닭 순계 12 계통을 대상으로 27종 MS marker의 유전자형을 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 유전적 특성 및 계통간 유연관계를 구명함으로써 한협에서 생산되고 있는 토종닭 계통들의 유전적 배경이나 특성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 27종 MS marker 분석 결과, 평균 11.7개의 대립유전자가 확인되었으며, $H_{exp}$와 PIC의 경우 MCW0288이 각각 0.688, 0.646으로 가장 낮았고, MCW0104가 0.881, 0.869로 가장 높게 확인되었으며, 집단별 $F_{is}$(f)값을 통해 한협 H 계통(HH)은 집단 내 개체 간 상관 정도가 가장 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 계통 간 유연관계를 분석한 결과, 전체 20계통 중 로드 아일랜드 레드 계통(NC와 ND)이 가장 가까운 것(0.175)으로 확인되었으며, 반면에 레그혼 F(NF)와 로드 아일랜드 레드 D(ND) 계통이 가장 먼 것(0.710)으로 확인되었다. MS marker의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 동일개체 출현확률(PI)을 분석한 결과, 전체 계통에 대한 동일개체 출현확률(PI)과 한협 8계통의 동일개체 출현확률(PI)은 27종의 MS marker를 사용하였을 경우, 각각 $8.80{\times}10^{-83}$, $3.87{\times}10^{-117}$으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 토종닭 시장에서 높은 점유율을 보유한 한협의 실용계 계통의 유전적 배경과 특성분석을 통해 향후 소비자의 요구에 부합하는 토종닭의 개량 및 실용계 계통의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.801-805
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• 2003

밤꿀의 밀원이 되는 밤꽃에서 SDE 추출법과 GC-FID 및 GC/MS 분석방법으로 122종의 휘 발성 성분을 분리ㆍ동정하였다. 밤꽃의 휘발성분 조성은 전체 향기성분 중 alcohol류가 36.58%로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 그 다음으로 15종의 hydrocarbon류, 20종의 terpene류와 유도체, 7종의 ketone류,24종의 aldehyde류, 12종의 ester류, 4종의 acid류, 3종의 furan류와 2종의 기타 화합물 순으로 구성되어 있음이 확인되었다. 밤꽃 휘발성분의 주성분은 전 체 peak area의 18.6%을 구성하는 1-phenylethanol과 (E)-geraniol, tricosane, heneicosane, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, 2-phenylethanol 등으로 방향족 alcohol과 홀수탄소로 구성 된 포화탄화수소들이었다. 밤꽃 추출물의 휘발성분에는 밤꿀의 밀원을 판단할 수 있게끔 하는 marker로써 사용가능성을 지닌 1-phenyl-ethanol과 acetophenone이 주성분으로 구성되어있으며, 밤꽃의 특징적인 강한 동물취와 꽃향이 혼합된 형태의 향 특성은 nonanal 등에 기인한다고 판단되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2024

이 연구에서는 증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습에서 도구 공유 정도에 따른 학생들의 현존감, 몰입, 상황흥미의 차이를 조사하였다. 중학교 2학년 학생 84명이 각각 4명씩 소집단을 구성하여 연구에 참여하였다. 각 소집단을 마커와 스마트폰의 공유 여부에 따라 공유 환경(마커와 스마트폰 공유 사용), 혼합 환경(마커 공유 및 스마트폰 개별 사용), 개별 환경(마커와 스마트폰 개별 사용)으로 무선 배치하였다. '물질의 특성' 단원에서 증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습을 3차시 동안 실시하였다. 종속 변인에 대한 일원 분산 분석 결과, 공유 환경 대비 혼합 환경에서는 현존감과 상황흥미가, 개별 환경에서는 몰입과 상황흥미가 각각 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. 각 종속 변인의 하위요소에 대한 다변량 분산 분석 결과, 현존감에서는 실제성, 몰입에서는 선행요소와 경험요소, 상황흥미에서는 순간적 즐거움, 새로움, 전체 흥미에서 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 면담 및 수업 관찰 결과, 공유 환경과 개별 환경의 학생들은 증강현실을 활용할 때 개별적으로 스마트폰을 사용하는 경향이 있었지만 혼합 환경의 학생들은 스마트폰을 협력적으로 사용하며 더 활발하게 상호작용하는 경향이 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 도구 사용 환경의 측면에서 증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습의 효과를 높이기 위한 방안을 제안하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.350-361
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• 2013

Asarum sieboldii has been used for treatment of fever, pain, common cold, and chronic sinusitis in Korea. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of seven major constituents including aristolochic acid I, aristolochic acid II, ${\alpha}$-asarone, ${\beta}$-asarone, elemicin, methyl eugenol, and safrole in the 70% ethanol extract of Asarum sieboldii and its solvent fractions, n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water ones using a ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer(UPLC-ESI-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Regression equations of seven components were acquired with $r^2$ values >0.99. The values of limit of detection(LOD) and quantification(LOQ) were 0.1-3.9 ng/mL and 0.3-11.7 mg/mL, respectively. The amount of the seven compounds in Asarum sieboldii were not detected -143.66 mg/g. The established LC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods will be helpful to improve quality control of Asarum sieboldii.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2011

We present a fast algorithm for Korean text extraction and segmentation from subway signboards using smart phone sensors in order to minimize computational time and memory usage. The algorithm can be used as preprocessing steps for optical character recognition (OCR): binarization, text location, and segmentation. An image of a signboard captured by smart phone camera while holding smart phone by an arbitrary angle is rotated by the detected angle, as if the image was taken by holding a smart phone horizontally. Binarization is only performed once on the subset of connected components instead of the whole image area, resulting in a large reduction in computational time. Text location is guided by user's marker-line placed over the region of interest in binarized image via smart phone touch screen. Then, text segmentation utilizes the data of connected components received in the binarization step, and cuts the string into individual images for designated characters. The resulting data could be used as OCR input, hence solving the most difficult part of OCR on text area included in natural scene images. The experimental results showed that the binarization algorithm of our method is 3.5 and 3.7 times faster than Niblack and Sauvola adaptive-thresholding algorithms, respectively. In addition, our method achieved better quality than other methods.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2014

Scutellaria baicalensis $G_{EORGI}$ (Scutellariae Radix) has been used to clear heat and to dry dampness in the stomach or intestines, which manifests as diarrhea or dysenteric disorder. In this study, we investigated the effective preparation of active components in Scutellariae Radix using the methods of solvent extraction and absorption fractionation for the development of new functional food or pharmaceuticals. The marker substances, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin were directly isolated from the Scutellariae Radix. There chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The Scutellariae Radix was extracted with hot water. To enhance yield of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix, the hot water extract was dissolved in ethanol with concentration dependent manner. The precipitates were separated using centrifugal techniques at 10,000 rpm. Supernatant liquid was applied to the HPLC for quantification of major compounds. Separately, the hot water extract was absorbed on Diaion HP-20 resin. And then, the absorbed fraction was eluted with methanol for HPLC. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin in different treatment methods were analyzed by HPLC. Total amount of four major components were 16.9% in 50% ethanol extract, 21.7% in 70% ethanol extract, 20.5% in 90% ethanol extract, and 39.3% in absorbed fraction of Diaion HP-20 resin. In these results, we found that resin absorption method is suitable for the extraction of enriched flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix.