• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1947-1953
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• 2006

There have been a number of studies of methods for recycling animal wastewater to provide new bioresources. In the present work, a marine algal culture medium, designated KEP II, was prepared by adding swine waste (3% v/v) fermented by soil bacteria to a dilution of f/2 culture medium (CT). When Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in batch culture in KEP II, the cells lasted long at the exponential phase producing the specific growth rate and biomass; the production of total amino acids and secondary metabolites rose up to 5-fold. It also substantially enhanced the maximum quantum yield of photo system (PS) II of P. tricornutum, greatly increased the level of thylakoid membranes containing PS, and stimulated the production of pyrenoids, including enzymes for $CO_2$ fixation in chloroplasts. KEP II should improve the cost efficiency of industrial mass batch cultures and the value of microalgae for long-term preservation of fresh aquaculture feed as well as production of anticancer and antioxidant agents. Specifically, a low-cost medium for growing the diatoms of aquaculture feed will be economically advantageous.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1155-1167
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• 2008

Chlorophyll a (chl a) has been used as an indicator for phytoplankton biomass in pelagic ecosystems due to the relative ease of measurement and selectivity for autotrophs in mixed plankton assemblages. However, the use of chi a as an indicator for phytoplankton biomass is restricted due to its inability to resolve taxonomic differences of phytoplankton and the highly variable relationship of chi a with phytoplankton. Here, we describe the analysis of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) photosynthetic pigment data using CHEMTAX, which is a matrix factorization program that uses chemical taxonomic indices (phytoplankton carotenoids) to quantify the abundance of phytoplankton groups. Compared to direct microscopic counting that can distinguish species within broad groups, the resolution of taxonomic groups by CHEMTAX is generally coarse. It can only distinguish between diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and haptophytes. However, CHEMTAX analysis is much faster and less expensive than microscopic counting methods. HPLC pigment observations were taken in the spring, summer, fall, and winter in$ 2005\sim2006$ within Gamak Bay, South Korea. CHEMTAX results revealed that diatoms were the dominant taxonomic group in Gamak Bay. In inner Gamak Bay, the ratio between diatoms and cryptophytes was $75\sim80%$, and the ratio between dinoflagellates and cryptophytes was $10\sim15%$. In outer Gamak Bay, the ratio between diatoms and cryptophytes was $85\sim90%$, and the ratio between dinflagellates and cryptophytes was only $1\sim5%$. The population structure was seasonal. Relative diatom populations were less in the summer than the winter season.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2011

Rotifers of the genus Brachionus are commonly used as a live food for larval fish, and rotifers of different sizes are preferred according the mouth size of the fish. Rotifer species vary in size, and individual size can depend on the temperature and salinity of the rearing environment. We investigated the effects of temperature and salinity for two species, B. plicatilis (250-300 ${\mu}m$) and B. rotundiformis (100-220 ${\mu}m$). Two strains of B. plicatilis (CCUMP 36 and 48) and two strains of B. rotundiformis (CCUMP 51 and 56) were received from the Culture Collection of Useful Marine Plankton (CCUMP) at Pukyong National University and cultured with the green alga, Nannochloris oculata (KMMCC 16) from the Korea Marine Microalgal Culture Center (KMMCC). The growth and size of rotifers were examined at three water temperatures ($16^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$) and four salinities (20 psu, 25 psu, 30 psu, 35 psu) under continuous light (40 ${\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$). The maximum density and growth rate of B. rotundiformis were greater than those of B. plicatilis. The lorica length of B. plicatilis ranged from 215.4 to 269.7 ${\mu}m$ and from 154.9 to 206.6 ${\mu}m$ for B. rotundiformis, depending on strain, temperature and salinity. Rotifers were smaller when cultured at high temperatures, regardless of salinity. B. rotundiformis preferred higher salinity than B. plicatilis. The results demonstrated that the size of rotifers could be controlled to some extent by temperature and salinity.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.355-370
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• 2020

여름 동중국해 북부해역 (32°N~33°N, 124°E~127°30'E)에서 수괴에 따른 미소플랑크톤에 속하는 식물플랑크톤 군집 및 섬모충류 현존량의 공간분포 및 저차영양단계의 생태구조 특성을 파악하기 위한 현장조사를 2019년 8월 3일부터 8월 6일까지 21개 정점의 표층과 Chl-a 최댓층(CML)을 대상으로 채수하였다. 결과 북부해역의 수괴는 크게 중국연안수(CCW) 및 쓰시마난류(TWC)로 구분되었다. CCW는 고온, 저염의 환경특성을, 그리고 TWC는 고온, 고염의 환경특성을 나타내었다. 수괴에 따른 식물플랑크톤 군집특성은 CCW가 중국의 대형하천에서 공급되는 영양염류에 의해 다양한 군집구조를 보인 반면, TWC는 남방의 빈영양 외해역에서 발원하여 북상하고 있어 단조로운 군집특성을 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤과 섬모충류의 현존량은 CCW에서 매우 높았고, TWC에서 낮은 특성을 보였다. 특히 TWC에서 식물플랑크톤에 비해 높은 섬모충류의 현존량을 보이는 것에서 세균 등을 먹이원으로 하는 미세먹이망에 의한 저차영양단계의 에너지흐름이 자원생물 생산에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었다. 즉 여름 동중국해의 생태구조는 수괴에 따라 CCW가 bottom-up system 구조라면, TWC는 top-down system 구조를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

통영 연안해역에서 채취된 35종의 해산무척추동물의 일반성분 조성과 sterol 및 $\alpha$-토코페롤함량을 정량하여 종별로 비교하였다. 단백질함량은 복족류 ($17.2\pm4.30\%$ ), 갑각류 ($16.8\pm4.06\%$), 두족류 ($15.3\pm3.24\%$) 등 초식성 및 육식성의 무척추동물에 비교적 많았고, 2매패류 ($11.8\pm2.49\%$), 멍게류 ($8.20\pm1.00\%$) 등 plank-ton 식성의 경우에 적었으며, 특히 해삼류 ($3.94\pm1.13\%$)와 같은 니식자 (mud swallow)에서는 아주 적었다. 총지질함량은 $0.24\%(청삼)\~1.96\%(멍게)$의 범위로 비교적 적었다. 탄수화물함량은 멍게류 ($6.60\pm4.53\%$ ), 2매패류 ($3.15\pm1.82\%$), 복족류 ($3.02\pm1.61\%$)에서 비교적 많았고, 두족류 ($1.00\pm0.63\%$)와 갑각류 ($0.52\pm0.57\%$)에서는 아주 적어 보통 어류의 경우와 유사하였다. 또한 수분함량은 해삼류 ($92.0\pm1.94\%$)에서 가장 많았고, 복족류 ($77.0\pm1.95\%$)에서 가장 적었으며, 나머지는 $80\~82\%$로서 대체로 유사하였다. 수분함량과 단백질함량 및 지질함량, 그리고 단백질함량과 지질함량 사이에는 각각 y= -0.8716x+184.452 (r=-0.87, p<0.001), $y=128.52e^{-0.0601x}$ (r=-0.55, P<0.001), $y=6.3047e^{-0.0904x}$(r=-0.42, P<0.02)으로서 모두 역의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편 sterol 함량은 (청삼 56mg/100g edible portion)에서 가장 적었고, 새조개 (216mg/100g)에서 가장 많았다. 동물그룹별로 보면 두족류 (148 $\pm$30.0mg) > 2매패 (121$\pm$35.0mg) > 복족류 (118$\pm$20.0mg) > 갑각류 (116$\pm$31.0mg) > 멍게류 (78.0$\pm$2.00 mg)> 해삼류 (62.0$\pm$8.00 mg)의 순으로 sterol 함량이 많았다. $\alpha$-토코페롤함량은 갑각류에서 1$\~$2 mg/100g를 함유하였으나, 나머지 무척추동물에서는 흔적 또는 1 mg/100g 이하였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2014

반폐쇄적인 천수만에서 장마기 동안 짧은 기간에 대량의 담수가 집중적으로 유입될 때 발생할 수 있는 플랑크톤 생태계의 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 장마기 전 후, 2012년 6월 27일부터 9월 1일까지 약 열흘 간격으로 수온, 염분, chlorophyll a 농도, 영양염 농도와 동물플랑크톤의 분포를 조사하여, 이들 각 변수간의 관계를 파악해 보았다. 담수 방류 후 영양염 농도는 약 2배 이상 증가하였고, 그 결과로 나타나는 chlorophyll a 농도 증가는 수 일이 소요되는 것으로 추정되었다. 동물플랑크톤의 경우는 먹이생물인 식물플랑크톤의 증가에 따른 개체수 증가라는 긍정적인 면과 염분 충격으로 인한 사망이라는 부정적인 면이 동시에 나타나는 것으로 여겨졌다. 급격한 염분 하강으로 인한 동물플랑크톤의 사망률은 최고 40%까지 나타났으나, 사체의 빠른 침강으로 신뢰할 만한 사망률 추정에는 한계가 있었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

본 논문은 태평양 원양어업의 효율을 제고하기 위해 필수적으로 요구되는 정보인 해양의 표층수온분포, 수심별 수온분포, 흐리고 플랑크톤의 분포를 원양어선에 실시간으로 제공하는 시스템 구축을 목적으로 하는 기초연구의 보고이다. 위성 및 해양부이에 의해 취득되고 있는 다양한 공개된 자료를 분석하였고, 이들의 어업관점에서의 효과적인 조합과 현장에서의 활용도 제고를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. NOAA의 고해상도 적외선 위성자료의 표면수온분포 자료, 태평양 해역 적노부분을 중심으로 배열된 TAO/TRITON 부이와 광범위한 지역에 분포한 ARGOS 표류부이의 수심별 수온자료, 그리고 MODIS 위성에 의한 해색자료를 활용한 정보가공의 기본형태를 제안하고 예를 보였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1993

Levels of sterols including ${\Delta}^7$-dehydrogenase isolated from the tissues of marine animal products (20 species) were determined on 1.5% OV-17 columm of gas-liquid chromatography. The composition showed that the mussels and clams contained various sterols in their tissues : cholesterol, brassicasterol. 24-methylenecholesterol with some minor components such as 22-trans-norcholesta-5,22-dien-3${\beta}$-ol, 22-cis-dehydrocholesterol, 22-trans-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, isofucosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol which could be converted into vitamin $D_3$ in the skin tissue of animal was present in the muscle of oyster, Crassostrea gigas. On the other hand, the others including gastropoda were predominantly composed of cholesterol. The minor sterols such as 24-methylenecholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol in the fish intestines are supposed to be derived from dietary plankton. Cholesterol ${\Delta}^7$-dehydrogenase which could convert cholesterol into ${\Delta}^7$-dehydrogenase was present in the pickles of Tricurus haumela intestine.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

The relationship between adult abundance and zoea I (ZI) density of Dungeness crabs was investigated in southeastern Alaska. Commercial harvest data (catch per pot) for male crabs larger than 165 mm in carapace width were collected from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) management area, district 114 and a subdivision of district 114, 114C from 1996 to 2003. Commercial harvests of Dungeness crabs in the management area varied interannually. Commercial harvests decreased until 2000 but increased beginning in 2001. ZI density was obtained from zooplankton samples collected monthly from sampling stations within the same management district from 1997 to 2004. ZI occurred mostly in May and June, but as late as July in 1997 and 2002. ZI densities increased beginning in 1999. Total densities of ZI were significantly correlated with the commercial harvest data of adult male crabs within the management area, 114C (tens of square kilometers), containing the plankton sampling stations, but were not related to total commercial harvests within the larger geographic management area 114 (hundreds of square kilometers). We suggest that larval density may be an indicator of abundance of adult populations of Dungeness crabs.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2022

Quantifying the abundance of Chattonella species is necessary to effectively manage the threats from ichthyotoxic raphidophytes, which can cause large-scale mortality of aquacultured fish in temperate waters. The identification and cell counting of Chattonella species have been conducted primarily on living cells without fixation by light microscopy because routine fixatives do not retain their morphological features. Species belonging to the Chattonella marina complex, including C. marina and C. marina var. ovata, had high genetic similarities and the lack of clear morphological delimitations between the species. To estimate the abundance of C. marina complex in marine plankton samples, we developed a protocol based on the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay, with C. marina complex-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. Cell abundance of the C. marina complex can be determined using the ITS copy number per cell, ranging from 25 ± 1 for C. marina to 112 ± 7 for C. marina var. ovata. There were no significant differences in ITS copies estimated by the ddPCR assay between environmental DNA samples from various localities spiked with the same number of cells of culture strains. This approach can be employed to improve the monitoring efficiency of various marine protists and to support the implementation of management for harmful algal blooms, which are difficult to analyze using microscopy alone.