• Title/Summary/Keyword: marine organism

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Stress-induced secondary carotenogenesis in Coelastrella rubescens (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta), a producer of value-added keto-carotenoids

  • Minyuk, Galina;Chelebieva, Elina;Chubchikova, Irina;Dantsyuk, Natalia;Drobetskaya, Irina;Sakhon, Evgenii;Chekanov, Konstantin;Solovchenko, Alexei
    • ALGAE
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.245-259
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    • 2017
  • We report on the culture growth and stress-induced secondary carotenogenesis in a biotechnologically promising but largely unexplored chlorophyte Coelastrella rubescens strain Vinatzer/Innsbruck V 195. Changes in the cell morphometry, biomass accumulation, its carotenoid and fatty acid profiles were followed in the cultures supplemented with either inorganic ($CO_2$) or organic (sodium acetate) carbon on the background of low-pH stress. Collectively, the results of the study characterize C. rubescens as a biotechnologically promising, potentially double-purpose organism. It produces several secondary keto-carotenoids with a considerable proportion of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. At the same time, the cell lipid fatty acid profile of this microalga is suitable for obtaining a high-quality biodiesel complying with the strictest EN14214 European standard.

Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Nannochloropsis oculata Cultured in Varying Salinities (염분농도에 따른 해양미세조류(Nannochloropsis oculata)의 지질 및 지방산의 변화)

  • Jeong, U-Cheol;Han, Jong-Cheol;Choi, Byeong-Dae;Kang, Seok-Joong
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.252-258
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    • 2013
  • The quality and quantity of food organisms in fish seed production are important. The marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata are used as initial food organisms in the field. We investigated the effects of salinity (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 psu) on the lipid and fatty acid composition of N. oculata. Cultivation of N. oculata at varying salinities showed the highest growth rate at 20 psu. Total lipid content ranged from 17.26 to 18.63% at salinities from 0 to 50 psu). The nonpolar lipid content increased markedly at 30 psu and was highest at 15.55%. The polar lipid content was lowest at 30 psu, by 84.45%. It was also found that the omega-3 and EPA contents were inversely proportional to salt concentration. For the polar and nonpolar lipid compositions, there was no significant effect of salinity. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content especially the content of EPA in the seawater larvae is the essential fatty acid in this food organism. It is thus advantageous to culture N. oculata at 20 psu.

Prediction of Effect Zone for Marine Organisms Using Distance Attenuation Equations for Oceanic Noise (수중소음 거리감쇠 특성식을 이용한 해양생물 피해영향범위 예측)

  • Ha, Jeong-Min;Lee, Jong-Myeong;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Gu, Dong-Sik;Choi, Byeong-Keun
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.14-19
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    • 2012
  • There are insufficient data to consider the effect zone for the marine life of coastal fisheries, because no standard has been defined for the sound level of marine life. In this study, equations for distance attenuation were used to determine the effect zone for oceanic noises. A reference noise level was divided into 4 parts to consider the characteristics of the fishes, and the effect zone of each reference noise level was determined. To increase the reliability of the effect scope, approximately 100 repetitions of blasting work split into several parts by the boring depth, the sound level of the source caused by an increase in weight, and the effect zone were calculated using the prediction equation. According to the prediction, the maximum distance of the effect zone was 4.92 km.

Marine Ecotoxicological Evaluation on HNS Spill Accident : Nitric Acid Spill Case Study (HNS 유출사고가 해양생물에 미치는 생물독성 영향평가 : HNO3 유출사고 대상)

  • Kim, Tae-Won;Kim, Young Ryun;Jo, So Eun;Son, Min Ho;Lee, Moonjin;Oh, Sangwoo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.655-661
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    • 2015
  • This study intends to evaluate the effect of nitric acid($HNO_3$) spill accidents on the marine ecosystem, while $HNO_3$ is known as one of the typical HNS. For this purpose, we performed (1) the growth inhibition test by using phytoplankton(Skeletonema costatum), (2) acute and chronic toxicity test by using invertebrate(Brachionus plicatilis and Monocorphium acherusicum), (3) fish(Cyprinodon variegatus) and (4) bacteria(Vibrio fischeri). In these tests, we observed the (1) pH changes induced by the nitric acid spill and (2) changes in nitrate($NO_3$) concentration disassociated from nitric acid after the accident, respectively. The toxicity test result on pH changes induced by $HNO_3$ shows that the no observed effect concentration(NOEC), lowest observed effect concentration(LOEC) and 50 % effect concentration($72h-EC_{50}$) values of M. acherusicum are pH 7 (0.3 mM), pH 5(1.1 mM) and pH 5.2(1.4 mM), respectively, indicating that M. acherusicum is the most sensitive species. The chronic toxicity test (population growth rate test) on $NO_3{^-}$ of B. plicatilis show that the NOEC, LOEC and $96h-EC_{50}$ are 5.9 mM, 11.8 mM and 32.6 mM, respectively, indicating that B. plicatilis is the most sensitive species. In conclusion, toxic effecst on the marine organism caused by the nitric acid spill accident is determined to be so slightly except for the most adjacent area of the ship in pH scale and such concentration of nitrate, to the extent of directly influencing the survival and reproduction of the marine organism, is determined practically not to be applicable in the typical accidents in the sea.

Species Composition and Community Structure of Demersal Organisms Caught by Shrimp Beam Trawl in the Coastal Waters of Gunsan of West Sea (서해 군산 연안에서 새우조망으로 어획된 저서생물의 종조성 및 군집구조)

  • HAN, In-Seong;EOM, Ki-Hyuk;KWON, Jung-No;PARK, Kyeong-Dong
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.211-220
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    • 2016
  • Species composition of aquatic organism in the marine ranching area of Gunsan, Korea were investigated using shrimp beam trawl from May to December in 2010. A total of 91 species, $98,127ind./km^2$ and $877.6kg/km^2$ of aquatic organism were collected. Among them, species were included 60 species in Pisces, 21 in Crustacea and 10 in Mollusca. The individual dominant species, occupying over 10% of total individuals, were Latreutes anoplonyx($47,327ind/km^2$, 48.23%), Crangon hakodatei($11,578ind./km^2$, 11.80%) and Trachysalambria curvirostris($10,237ind./km^2$, 10.40%). And the biomass dominant species, occupying over 9% of total biomass, were Paralichthys olivaceus($135kg/km^2$, 15.4%), Okamejei kenojei($98.2kg/km^2$, 11.2%) and Portunus tribuberculatus($84.8kg/km^2$, 9.6%). From the cluster and MDS analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and individuals per unit area collected more than two times during this survey by each month and station was divided into three different groups. Group A showed seasonal similarity of characteristic of distribution in August and November, Group B in December and Group C in May.

Physiological Responses of Marine Fish to External Attachment of Pop-up Satellite Archival Tag (PSAT) (Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) 체외부착에 따른 해산어의 생리학적 반응)

  • Park, Jin Woo;Oh, Sung-Yong
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2018
  • Recently, the pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) is being used in studies as a method of using satellites for monitoring organisms. Because PSATs are attached directly on the organism being monitored, it is used mostly on larger species since the health of the organism is an important concern. For this reason, PSAT-based surveys are lacking in Korea with no studies on the physiological responses of organisms with PSAT attached. Accordingly, as a basic biomonitoring study using PSAT, the present study investigated the physiological changes in fish in response to the attachment of PSAT. The present study used red seabream (Pagrus major) and Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) as the experimental fish. The PSAT was attached to the muscle below the experimental fish's dorsal fin using a mono filament (n = 3). To investigate the changes in physiological responses according to PSAT attachment, blood samples were collected from all experimental fish, including the control (n = 3), at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after the attachment. Upon blood sample collection, whole blood was used to measure hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. After separating the plasma, the separated plasma was used to measure the GOT, GPT, glucose, total protein, and cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, the plasma cortisol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that attaching the tag did not have any impact on the immunity and stress response of the experimental fish. The findings in this study also demonstrated the possibility of using PSAT for studying relatively smaller species living in the coastal waters of Korea.

Marine Microalgal Transgenesis: Applications to Biotechnology and Human Functional Foods

  • Kim, Young Tae
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2006
  • Molecular biology and microalgal biotechnology have the potential to play a major role in improving the production efficiency of a vast variety of products including functional foods, industrial chemicals, compounds with therapeutic applications and bioremediation solutions from a virtually untapped source. Microalgae are a source of natural products and have been recently studied for biotechnological applications. Efficient genetic transformation systems in microalgae are necessary to enhance their potential to be used for human health. A microalga such as Chlarella is a eukaryotic organism sharing its metabolic pathways with higher plants. This microalga is capable of expressing, glycosylating, and correctly processing proteins which normally undergo post-translational modification. Moreover, it can be cultured inexpensively because it requires only limited amount of sunlight and carbon dioxide as energy sources. Because of these advantages, Chlarella may be of great potential interest in biotechnology as a good candidate for bioreactor in the production of pharmaceutical and industrial compounds for human functional foods. Here, we briefly discuss recent progress in microalgal transgenesis that has utilized molecular biology to produce functional proteins and bioactive compounds.

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Observation of Co-Existing Copepods in the Marine Rotifer Mass Culture Tanks (해산 로티퍼 대량 배양 수조에서 관찰되는 코페포다의 혼재 양상)

  • Jung, Min-Min;Kim, Hyowon;Hur, Jun Wook;Kim, Jung;Kang, Kyoung Ho
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.30-34
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    • 2017
  • Microorganisms are contained filtered sea water that is why we often observed co-existing copepod species in the large-scale rotifer culture tanks. In this study, we investigated about taxonomical study of co-existing copepods in Brachionus rotifer mass culture tanks of several seafarming centers at Jeju-do and Pusan, Korea by microscope. Also, we counted number of copeods and density in 10 mL of cultured sea water and distinguished growing patterns and sex. As results, we can identified 4 species copepods, 2 species of Tisbe, 1 species of Tigriopus and 1 species of Apocyclops.

Structure of Floridoside, a Glycerol Glycoside from the Marine Red Alga Gracilaria verrucosa (홍조 꼬시래기(Gracilaria verrucosa) 유래의 글리세로당 Floridoside의 화학구조)

  • Roh, Yeon-Suk;Son, Byeng-Wha;Im, Kwang-Sik;Choi, Hong-Dae
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.117-120
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    • 1994
  • As part of search for new biologically active substances from marine organism, we have isolated a glyecrol glycoside from the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa. The structure of the glycerol glycoside was elucidated as 2-O-${\alpha}-_D$-galactopyranosylglycerol[floridoside(4)] on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical evidences.

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Interspecific Relationships between Coexisting Micro-organisms in the Freshwater Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) Culture Tanks as Microcosm (담수산 로티퍼, Brachionus calyciflorus의 미소 배양 생태계에서 관찰된 혼재생물간의 종간관계)

  • Jung, Min-Min
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • One of freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) is very useful as a live food organism for early larval rearing of freshwater aquaculture industry. However, the knowledge about freshwater rotifer culture is scarce. On the other hand, marine rotifer culture as live food organisms is done, almost perfectly. In this study, I show to be benefit experimental results for successful freshwater larval rearing through the observation with microcosm structure in freshwater rotifer culture tanks.