• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2018

In 21th century, climate change is one of the fundamental issue. Greenhouses gases are pointed as the main cause of climate change. Soil play a vital role of carbon sink and also can be a huge source of greenhouse gases defense on the management. Flux of greenhouse gases is not the only factor can be changed by climate change. Climate change can alter proper management. Temperature change will modify crop planting and harvesting date. Other management skills like fertilizer, manure, irrigation, tillage can also be changed with climate change. In this study, greenhouse gases emission in rice paddy in South Korea is simulated with DNDC model from 2011 - 2100 years. Climate for future is simulated with RCP 8.5 scenario for understanding the effect of climate change to greenhouse gases emission. Various rice paddy flooding techniques were applied to find proper management for future management. With conventional flooding technique, climate change increase greenhouse gases emission highly. Marginal flooding can decrease large amount of greenhouse gases emission and even it still increases with climate change, it has the smallest increasing ratio. If we suppose the flooding technique will change for best grain yield, dominant flooding technique will be different from conventional flooding to marginal flooding. The management change will reduce greenhouse gases emission. The result of study shows the possibility to increase greenhouse gases emission with climate change and climate change adaptation can show apposite result compared without the adaptation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

Purpose: Despite the high success rates of endosseous dental implants, their placement is restricted according to the height and volume of bone available. The use of short or mini dental implants could be one way to overcome this limitation. Thus, this study aimed to compare standard, short, and mini dental implants with regard to associated clinical parameters and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of cathepsin-K (CTSK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), after prosthodontic loading. Methods: A total of 78 non-submerged implants (Euroteknika, $Aesthetica^{+2}$, Sallanches, France) were installed in 30 subjects (13 male, 17 female; range, 26-62 years) who visited the clinic of the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University. Sampling and measurements were performed on the loading date (baseline) and 2, 14, and 90 days after loading. Assessment of the peri-implant status for the implant sites was performed using the pocket probing depth (PPD), modified plaque index, modified gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index, and radiographic signs of bone loss. PICF samples collected from each implant were evaluated for CTSK, RANKL, and OPG levels using the ELISA method. Keratinized tissue and marginal bone loss (MBL) were also noted. Results: Clinical parameters statistically significantly increased in each group but did not show statistical differences between groups without PPD. Although implant groups showed a higher MBL in the upper jaw, only the standard dental group demonstrated a statistically significant difference. At 90 days, the OPG:sRANKL ratio and total amounts of CTSK for each group did not differ from baseline. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both short and mini dental implants were achieving the same outcomes as the standard dental implants in the early period after loading.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.485-489
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• 2011

Purpose: Median cleft of upper lip is defined as any congenital vertical cleft through the midline of the upper lip. It is uncommon, its embryological pathogenesis remains unexplained to date. The authors hereby report a rare case of median cleft of the upper lip associated with enlarged frenulum and palatal mass. This case offers some understanding of the possible embryologic development of this anomaly. Methods: A 10-month-old boy born by normal vaginal delivery at full-term had a notch in the midline of the upper lip with widened philtrum along with enlarged median frenulum, alveolar cleft, and mass of the hard palate. We performed en bloc resection of the enlarged frenulum and palatal mass and cheiloplasty under general anesthesia. Results: Histological examination revealed that the frenulum and palatal mass was consisted of fibrous tissue with normal mucous membrane. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Conclusion: A rare case of median cleft of the upper lip with associated enlarged frenulum and palatal mass was presented with proper surgical management. The surgical technique includes marginal excision of the clefted epithelium and reconstruction of orbicularis oris muscle, in addition to en bloc resection of the palatal mass and frenulotomy.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.558-562
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• 2018

Background/Aims: While the occurrence of multiple whitish flat elevated lesions (MWFL) was first reported in 2007, no studies on MWFL have been published to date. The present retrospective observational study aimed to clarify the endoscopic findings and clinicopathological features of MWFL. Methods: Subjects were consecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as part of routine screening between April 2014 and March 2015. The conventional white-light, non-magnifying and magnifying narrow-band images were reviewed. Clinical features were compared between patients with and without MWFL. Results: The conventional endoscopic findings of MWFL include multiple whitish, flat, and slightly elevated lesions of various sizes, mainly located in the gastric body and fundus. Narrow-band imaging enhanced the contrast of MWFL and background mucosa, and magnifying narrow-band imaging depicted a uniformly long, narrow, and elliptical marginal crypt epithelium with an unclear microvascular pattern. Histopathological findings revealed hyperplastic changes of the foveolar epithelium, and parietal cell protrusions and oxyntic gland dilatations were observed in the fundic glands, without any intestinal metaplasia. The rate of acid-reducing drug use was significantly higher in patients with MWFL than in those without (100% [13/13] vs. 53.7% [88/164], p<0.001). Conclusions: The present study indicated a relationship between the presence and endoscopic features of MWFL and history of acid-reducing drug use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2022

The heading response of 40 genotypes, originated from South Korea, North Korea, and northern China, was tested under the temperature and day-length conditions of thirteen major rice production area in North Korea, with aims to select adaptable varieties to the given environment and crop period for each region. To simulate regional environment, seven-day mean temperature with 10℃ daily temperature range and day-length for each region were imposed at a weekly interval in the walk-in phytotrons. Olbyeo1, Olbyeo2 and Sonbong9 originated from North Korea, Kenjiandao3 and Nongdae3 from northern China, and Joun from South Korea demonstrated the earliest heading stage depending on the regional environment. Thirty-four varieties reached heading stage within the regional safe marginal heading date (SMHD) under Haeju and Sariwon conditions while 16-17 varieties reached the stage under Wonsan, Changjon, Supung, and Yongyon environment. Some of the middle and mid-late maturing varieties originated from South Korea could reach heading stage within SMHD under the temperature and day-length conditions of Kaesong, Haeju, Sariwon, Nampo, and Pyongyang located in west-southern plain. Majority of early maturing varieties, but not middle or mid-late ones, showed heading stage within SMHD under the conditions of Singye, Anju, Kusong and Sinuiju. Only some early maturing varieties demonstrated heading stage within SMHD under Yongyon, Changjon and Wonsan environment. These results provide basic information on the varieties able to complete their normal life cycle under the regional environment in North Korea. It it further suggested that yield performance of the selected varieties for each region in this study be tested to select high yielding rice varieties adaptable to North Korean environment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 2021

The heading response of rice varieties, originated from South Korea, North Korea, and northern China, was examined under the temperature and day-length conditions of 10 low-temperature regions in North Korea. When 30-day-old broadcast tray-raised seedlings (BS) were used, only one or a few varieties reached the heading stage within the safe marginal heading date (SMHD) under the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye conditions. In the Yangdok and Sinpo environments, no varieties reached heading until SMHD. The South Korean varieties that reached the heading stage between SMHD and late marginal heading date (LMHD) were Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jopum, Jinok, Jopyeong, Sanhomi, and Odae for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye; Joun for Sinpo; and none for Yangdok, Kimchaek, Sonbong, and Chunggang environments. The number of days to heading (DTH) was positively correlated among all 10 regions. Reduced DTH in the 30-day-old pot tray-raised seedlings (PS), compared to BS, was not consistent with varieties and regions. Reduced DTH in PS, compared to BS, was the largest in Jinok and Sonbong9 among the South and North Korean varieties, respectively, whereas it was small in the northern Chinese varieties. The South Korean varieties that headed until SMHD in PS were Jinok for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Yangdok, Sinpo, and Kanggye environments; and Jinbuol, Jopum, and Jinok for the Huichon condition. In the Kimchaek and Chunggang conditions, Jinok reached the heading stage within LMHD. With the use of PS for some responsive varieties such as Jinok, varietal adaptability could be improved to the conditions of low-temperature regions in North Korea. None of the PS or BS among the tested varieties reached the heading stage until LMHD for the Chongjin and Sonbong conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 2023

We investigated the basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS) of 40 rice varieties to characterize their heading ecology that is adaptable to North Korean rice production areas. The ranges were 12 - 43 days for BVP, 0 - 74 days for PS, and 15 - 33 days for TS, depending on the variety. The number of days from transplanting to the heading stage (DTH) was significantly correlated with PS in the 13 major rice production regions where all 40 varieties (including early-, middle-, and mid-late-maturing varieties) were tested. DTH was significantly correlated with BVP and TS but not with PS in the 10 low-temperature regions where only 28 early-maturing varieties were tested. The heading ecology of the adaptable varieties for each region could be characterized by an exponential equation between the BVP and PS of varieties that headed at the border of the safe marginal heading date (SMHD) for each of the seven regional environments (Kaesong, Haeju, Yongyon, Singye, Sariwon, Nampo, and Pyongyang). A PS of 25 - 30 days or less was an additional adaptive trait in the Sariwon and Pyongyang environments. The varieties that reached the heading stage not later than the SMHD in six regional environments (Anju, Kusong, Sinuiju, Changjon, Wonsan, and Supung) and those that reached the heading stage not later than the late marginal heading date (LMHD) in four regional environments (Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye) had both a PS of 26 days or less and a BVP of 25 - 28 days or less. In the Yangdok, Sinpo, and Chunggang environments, varieties that reached the heading stage not later than the LMHD for each region had a BVP of 15 - 20 days or less. The results suggested that a shortened BVP trait should be introduced to existing early-maturing rice varieties to reduce the duration of growth period to reach the heading stage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.151-177
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• 1975

To obtain the informations on the checking factors of the effecient utilization of paddies in chungnam province and study on the effecient working system and high productive cropping system in paddies, the utilization state of paddies including environmental conditions were investigated at sample 1,500 farms. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The difficulty of drainage in paddies was the most important factor checking the utility of paddies. Delayed transplanting of rice and lack of labour were also important checking factors on the efficient utilization of paddies. 2. The utilization of paddies was rather effecient at small size farms of which farmers were almost poor, and most of them cultivated barley for their own food. 3. Considering climatic conditions, pre-crops of rice must be harvested before June 10 tho and the marginal transplanting date of rice plant is June 25 th. 4. In case of planting barley as a post-crop after rice, the spread seeding by rotary before plowing was most efficient with lowest cost. 5. Considering rice cultivation, yield of barley and net income, the most efficient cropping system was "Josaengtongil + Olbori".

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.338-350
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• 2022

Purpose: Various studies have investigated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed implants using Ti6Al-4V powder; however, multi-root 3D-printed implants have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the stability of multirooted 3D-printed implants with lattice and solid structures. The secondary outcomes were comparisons between the 2 types of 3D-printed implants in micro-computed tomographic and histological analyses. Methods: Lattice- and solid-type 3D-printed implants for the left and right mandibular third premolars in beagle dogs were fabricated. Four implants in each group were placed immediately following tooth extraction. Implant stability measurement and periapical X-rays were performed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Peri-implant bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by micro-computed tomography. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were measured in histomorphometric analyses. Results: All 4 lattice-type 3D-printed implants survived. Three solid-type 3D-printed implants were removed before the planned sacrifice date due to implant mobility. A slight, gradual increase in implant stability values from implant surgery to 4 weeks after surgery was observed in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. The marginal bone change of the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant was approximately 5 mm, whereas the value was approximately 2 mm in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. BV/TV and BMD in the lattice type 3D-printed implants were similar to those in the surviving solid-type implant. However, BIC and BAFO were lower in the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant than in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. Conclusions: Within the limits of this preclinical study, 3D-printed implants of double-rooted teeth showed high primary stability. However, 3D-printed implants with interlocking structures such as lattices might provide high secondary stability and successful osseointegration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 2009

Statement of problem: Flapless implant surgery using a soft tissue punch device requires a circumferential excision of the mucosa at the implant site. To date, Although there have been several reports on clinical outcomes of flapless implant surgeries, there are no published reports that address the appropriate size of the soft tissue punch for peri-implant tissue healing. Purpose: In an attempt to help produce guidelines for the use of soft tissue punches, this animal study was undertaken to examine the effect of soft tissue punch size on the healing of peri-implant tissue in a canine mandible model. Material and methods: Bilateral, edentulated, flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandibles of six mongrel dogs. After a three month healing period, three fixtures (diameter, 4.0 mm) were placed on each side of the mandible using 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm soft tissue punches. During subsequent healing periods, the peri-implant mucosa was evaluated using clinical, radiological, and histometric parameters, which included Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, marginal bone loss, and vertical dimension measurements of the peri-implant tissues. Results: The results showed significant differences (P <0.05) between the 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm tissue punch groups for the length of the junctional epithelium, probing depth, and marginal bone loss during healing periods after implant placement. When the mucosa was punched with a 3 mm tissue punch, the length of the junctional epithelium was shorter, the probing depth was shallower, and less crestal bone loss occurred than when using a tissue punch with a diameter $\geq$ 4 mm. Conclusion: Within the limit of this study, the size of the soft tissue punch plays an important role in achieving optimal healing. Our findings support the use of tissue punch that 1 mm smaller than implant itself to obtain better peri-implant tissue healing around flapless implants.