• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.426-430
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• 2006

본 연구는 버크셔종의 성별에 따른 육질 특성을 파악하고자 실시되었으며, 60 kg의 Berkshire 40두를 2 돈방에 암퇘지와 거세돼지 각각 20두씩 배치하여 출하 시(약 110 kg)까지 비육한 후 도축하여 실험에 공시하였다. 신선육 관능검사에서 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 육색, 마블링 점수가 높아 전체적인 기호도가 높게 나타났으며, 가열육 관능검사에서도 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 육색, 향 및 기호성에서 높은 점수를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성 중 linoleic acid와 arachidonic acid는 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 낮아(p<0.05) 필수 지방산과 다가 불포화 지방산도 낮은 경향을 보였으나 전체적으로 성별에 따른 지방산 조성에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다.(p>0.05). 아미노산 조성은 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 감미계인 alanine, 방향족인 tyrosine, 필수 아미노산인 arginine은 높게 나타났고, proline과 감미계이자 필수 아미노산인 threonine, 필수아미노산인 histidine은 낮게 나타나(p<0.05) 전체적으로 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지의 풍미가 낮은 경향이었으나 glutamic acid, 감미계, 황함유, 방향족 및 필수 아미노산 각각의 총 함량은 성 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1806-1812
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• 2015

본 연구는 원산지와 근내지방도에 따른 소고기 등심 내 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 지방산 조성, 융점 및 지방산과 융점의 상관관계를 구명할 목적으로 국내산 한우고기 근내지방도 3, 5, 7 및 9에 대하여(근내지방도별 각각 20두씩) 총 80두와 수입산 소고기 30두(미국산 및 호주산 각각 15두)로부터 시료를 채취하였다. 조지방 함량은 한우 근내지방도 3, 5, 7 및 9와 미국산 및 호주산 소고기가 각각 11.91, 13.23, 17.03, 23.92, 8.36 및 4.47%로, 한우 근내지방도 9가 가장 높았고 호주산 소고기가 가장 낮았다. 단일불포화지방산(MUFA) 가운데 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 oleic acid(C18:1n9)의 함량은 각각 44.92, 47.19, 46.23, 47.70, 43.70 및 38.28%를, MUFA/포화지방산(SFA)의 비율은 각각 1.15, 1.25, 1.22, 1.27, 1.10 및 0.86으로 조지방 함량과 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 각 소고기 시료에서 추출한 지방의 융점은 한우 근내지방도 9($27.4^{\circ}C$)가 가장 낮은 반면, 호주산 소고기($41.15^{\circ}C$)가 가장 높았다. 소고기 내의 myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), stearic acid(C18:0)와 같은 SFA와 총 SFA는 융점과 정(+)의(r=0.203, 0.279, 0.807 및 0.880) 관계를, palmitoleic acid(C16:1), oleic acid(C18:1n9)와 같은 MUFA와 총 MUFA는 융점과 부(-)의(r=-0.541, -0.857 및 -0.906)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 소고기 내 지방 함량이 높을수록 지방산 조성에서 oleic acid(C18:1n9)의 함량이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 한우고기의 근내지방도가 증가할수록 M/S의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 나타낸다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1995

Two hundred eighty weaned Targhee lambs were grazed on annual grass-subclover pastures for 84 d under continuous and rotational defoliation grazing system. At the end of the grazing season, twenty lambs weighing 44 kg were slaughtered directly off the pasture, whereas two groups of 20 lambs each were fed either a alfalfa pellet or a 50% alfalfa/50 concentrate pellet for additional 6 wk until they reached an average live weight of 50 kg. Carcass traits and loin chop palatability were compared. Lambs slaughtered directly off the pasture were lighter than desirable market weight and some lambs had less than adequate fat cover and approximately half of them were graded U.S. Good in quality. Overall conformation and leg muscling was inferior and loin chops were less tender, less juicy and less flavorful. The lambs on alfalfa pellets for 6 wk appeared to be ideal in terms of carcass quality (all Choice except one), fat cover and yield grade. They had better taste panel scores in all palatability traits than off-the-pasture lambs, and most loin chops were acceptable. The lambs on a 50% concentrate diet for 6 wk had a higher conformation score and a greater muscling in the legs. Loin chops had more marbling and better palatability than other groups. However, some lambs had an excessive fat cover and lower yield of retail cuts. It was concluded that additional feeding for 6 wk on alfalfa pellets until the live weight reached 50 kg(for Targhee lambs) was the best way of finishing lambs at the end of grazing season in the California rangeland.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.766-771
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate interaction effects of genes using a Harvester method. A sample of Korean cattle, Hanwoo (n = 476) was chosen from the National Livestock Research Institute of Korea that were sired by 50 Korean proven bulls. The steers were born between the spring of 1998 and the autumn of 2002 and reared under a progeny-testing program at the Daekwanryeong and Namwon branches of NLRI. The steers were slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age and carcass quality traits were measured. A SNP Harvester method was applied with a support vector machine (SVM) to detect significant SNPs in the CCDC158 gene and interaction effects between the SNPs that were associated with average daily gains, cold carcass weight, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling scores. The statistical significance of the major SNP combinations was evaluated with $x^2$-statistics. The genotype combinations of three SNPs, g.34425+102 A>T(AA), g.4102636T>G(GT), and g.11614-19G>T(GG) had a greater effect than the rest of SNP combinations, e.g. 0.82 vs. 0.75 kg, 343 vs. 314 kg, 80.4 vs $74.7cm^2$, and 7.35 vs. 5.01, for the four respective traits (p<0.001). Also, the estimates were greater compared with single SNPs analyzed (the greatest estimates were 0.76 kg, 320 kg, $75.5cm^2$, and 5.31, respectively). This result suggests that the SNP Harvester method is a good option when multiple SNPs and interaction effects are tested. The significant SNPs could be applied to improve meat quality of Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2003

Regarding the fattening of younger cattle that the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) recommends in Japan, this study looked at vitamin A control in feed and blood and its effect on performance of production and carcass composition of Wagyu steers. Five sets from 10 Wagyu artificial identical twins were divided to into 2 groups, a restricted group (Test) and a supplied group (Control). The body weight at the finishing time of the Test was significantly lower than that of the Control (p<0.05). The daily gain from 13 to 21 months old, as the animals in the Test were fed the concentrated feed without Vitamin A, was significantly different (p<0.05) between the Test and the Control. The total daily gains for the Test and the Control for the fattening period were 0.82 kg/day and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, which showed a significant difference (p<0.01). Regarding the rib thickness, the Test was thinner than the Control. The Beef Marbling Scores of the Test and Control were 3.60 and 2.80, respectively. The muscle weight of the Test was significantly smaller than that of the Control (p<0.01). However, regarding the ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly higher than the Control (p<0.05). For the fat weight, the Test was smaller by about 15 kg than the Control (p<0.01). Furthermore, for the fat ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly lower than the Control (p<0.05). The bone weights of the two groups were approximately the same. Regarding the ratio of bone to carcass, the Test was higher than the Control (p<0.01). For the younger fattening method, the low level vitamin A in the serum had the effect that the muscle ratio to the carcass weight was greater and the fat was less, but the carcass and muscle weight were less.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate kenaf as a roughage source in vitro and its effects on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native) cattle. Methods: Three roughage materials, rice straw silage, ryegrass silage, and kenaf silage, were tested in a batch culture and feeding trial. Rumen fermentation parameters, including gas, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia were analyzed. In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers ($373.5{\pm}5.1kg$, n = 36, 11 month of age) were divided into three feeding groups (n = 12 each). Animals were fed with each silage and concentrate until the fattening stage. Results: Crude protein, ether extract, and non-structural carbohydrates were greater in kenaf silage. Total gas production was higher in ryegrass silage, followed by kenaf silage and rice straw silage (p<0.05). Total VFA and individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate) were greater in kenaf silage than rice straw silage (p<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility showed a similar trend to that of total gas and VFA production; it was higher in ryegrass silage and lower in rice straw (p<0.05). Throughout the feeding trial, the rice straw silage group showed significantly greater average daily gain than did the others (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in the group fed kenaf silage was significantly greater than that of others (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in yield or quality traits, including carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and scores for marbling, meat color, and fat color (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that no negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics occurred across treatments. Therefore, kenaf could be substituted for rice straw, which is most widely used as a roughage source in Korea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find pork quality to meet the needs of consumers. Thus, the meat quality and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscles from purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and three-way crossbred LYD pigs were compared and evaluated. Chemical compositions of longissimus muscles were significant (p<0.05) different among pigs. Duroc contained significant (p<0.05) higher fat contents than other pigs, whereas significant (p<0.05) higher moisture contents were observed in Landrace, Yorkshire, and LYD pigs compared to those of Duroc pigs. The values of pH_{24 h} and pH_{14 d} were the highest in Landrace pigs. Myoglobin contents of LYD pigs were higher (p<0.05) than those of purebred pigs. Regarding meat color, Duroc and Yorkshire pigs had higher redness values than Landrace and LYD pigs, while Landrace pigs had the lowest (p<0.05) color values among all pigs. There was no significant difference in shear force or water holding capacity (WHC). Duroc pigs maintained the lowest drip loss during 14 d of cold storage. In sensory evaluation, the marbling scores of Duroc pigs were higher (p<0.05) than other pigs. Regarding fatty acid compositions, total USFA, poly-, n-3, and n-6 contents were the highest (p<0.05) in LYD pigs, while total SFA contents were the highest (p<0.05) in Duroc pigs. Based on these results, purebred pigs had superior overall meat quality to crossbred pigs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2021

This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in muscle pH_{24 h} and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05); however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p<0.05). The HA2 group exhibited a lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force compared to the HO1 and HO3 groups (60.8 vs. 69.2 and 87.8 N, p<0.001). For sensory quality attributes, steaks from the HA1 group showed higher scores of softness, initial tenderness, and amount of perceptible residue than steaks from the HO1 group (p<0.001). Within the quality grade 2, Hanwoo steers had a higher score of softness compared to Holstein steers (p<0.001). There were no differences in juiciness and flavor intensity between Hanwoo and Holstein steers at the same quality grade (p>0.05). This difference in tenderness attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area (0.37 vs. 0.50 mm², p<0.05) and higher fiber number per bundle (88.2 vs. 121, p<0.05) compared to Holstein steers. Therefore, bundle characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle can be crucial for explaining factor for the explanation of tenderness variations between different breeds at the same beef quality grade or marbling.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of castration method and short-term fattening periods on Hanwoo cattle. Thirty-two Hanwoo calves (average body weight: 148.4 ± 19.8 kg) were used. The calves were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factor according to two castration methods (castration or hemi-castration) and two short-term finishing periods (24 months or 26 months). The final body weight increased significantly as the fattening period increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain was higher in the hemi-castration groups than in the castration groups (p < 0.05). After surgical castration, testosterone concentration was higher in the hemi-castration group than in the castration group during the entire experimental period (p < 0.05). The rib eye area was wider in the hemi-castration group than in the castration group (p < 0.01).An interaction effect was observed between the castration method and short-term fattening period (p < 0.05). Marbling and auction price scores differed between castration methods and were higher in the castration group than in the hemi-castration group (p < 0.01). Gross receipts and net income increased in the castration group compared to the hemi-castration group (p < 0.01) and showed a tendency to increase with the short-term fattening period, but there was no significant difference. Thus, castration to remove both testicles is essential for economic profit through producing high-quality Korean beef meat, and short-term fattening for 26 months, rather than 24 months, can benefit more by increasing carcass weight and meat quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2010

본 연구는 도체등급을 판정받은 제주재래돼지 168두(거세돈 116두와 암퇘지 52두)를 공시돈으로 재래돼지의 성별, 도체 육질 등급별 및 육량등급별 도체특성을 조사하여 고급돈육 생산에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 재래돼지의 도체특성의 평균치는 도체중이 72.94 kg, 도체율 72.46%, 등지방두께 20.98 mm, Hunter L* 값 38.14, a* 값 4.68, b* 값 6.04, pH 5.61, 육색도 3.61, 근내지방도 3.36, 육질등급 1.83, 그리고 육량등급 2.08로 조사되었다. 성별 도체특성에서 도체중은 암퇘지가 75.69 kg으로 거세돈 71.71 kg 보다 유의하게 무거웠으나(p<0.05), 도체율, 등지방두께, 그리고 육색도에서는 성별 간에 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. pH는 암퇘지와 거세돈에서 각각 5.58과 5.62로 거세돈이 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 도체육질등급에서는 거세돈과 암퇘지의 평균등급은 1.95와 1.58로 거세돈이 유의하게 높은 등급을 보였다(p<0.05). 그리고 육량등급에서도 성별 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 거세돈 1.90 등급보다 암퇘지 2.50 등급으로 암퇘지가 높게 나타났다. 도체 육질등급별 도체특성에서는 도체중은 도체등급이 높을수록 유의하게 무거운 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 도체율에서도 도체육질등급이 높을수록(1과 2등급) 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 등 지방 두께는 등급 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 등급이 높을수록 등지방 두께가 높았다. 육색도에서는 등급 간에 Hunter L* 값, a* 값, b* 값 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근내지방도는 1등급은 4.06점과 3등급은 2.64점으로 등급이 높을수록(양호) 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 점수를 보였다. 도체 육량등급별 도체특성에서 도체중과 도체율은 등급 간에 모두 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 등급이 높을수록(A 등급) 체중이 무겁고 도체율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 등지방두께는 A 등급은 22.83 mm로 유의하게 높은(p<0.05) 반면에, D 등급은 18.63 mm로 등급이 낮을수록 등 지방두께도 얇았다. 육색도는 Hunter L* 값, a* 값, b* 값 모두 등급 간에 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, pH 값은 A 등급에서 5.53으로 하위등급보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 육색도판에 의한 육색도에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 근내지방도는 등급 간에 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05), 상위 A, B 등급에서는 4.00 이상으로 높았으나, 하위 C와 D 등급에서는 3.06 이하의 낮은 점수로 나타났다. 따라서 제주 재래종은 개량종보다 등지방두께는 양호하였으나, 육질과 관련된 특성을 더욱 더 심도있는 비교연구로 정확한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.