• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5179-5202
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• 2018

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most widely used protocol in the cloud data centers today. However, cloud data centers using TCP experience many issues as TCP was designed based on the assumption that it would primarily be used in Wide Area Networks (WANs). One of the major issues with TCP in the cloud data centers is the Incast issue. This issue arises because of the many-to-one communication pattern that commonly exists in the modern cloud data centers. In many-to-one communication pattern, multiple senders simultaneously send data to a single receiver. This causes packet loss at the switch buffer which results in TCP throughput collapse that leads to high Flow Completion Time (FCT). Recently, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been used by many researchers to mitigate the Incast issue. In this paper, a detailed survey of various SDN based solutions to the Incast issue is carried out. In this survey, various SDN based solutions are classified into four categories i.e. TCP Receive Window based solutions, Tuning TCP Parameters based solutions, Quick Recovery based solutions and Application Layer based solutions. All the solutions are critically evaluated in terms of their principles, advantages, and shortcomings. Another important feature of this survey is to compare various SDN based solutions with respect to different performance metrics e.g. maximum number of concurrent senders supported, calculation of delay at the controller etc. These performance metrics are important for deployment of any SDN based solution in modern cloud data centers. In addition, future research directions are also discussed in this survey that can be explored to design and develop better SDN based solutions to the Incast issue.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2013

Key agreement protocols allow multi-parties exchanging public information to create a common secret key that is known only to those entities over an insecure network. Since Joux first published the pairing-based one round tripartite key agreement protocol, many authenticated protocols have been proposed. Unfortunately, many of them have been broken while others have been shown to be deficient in some desirable security attributes. In 2004, Cheng et al. presented two protocols aimed at strengthening Shim's certificate-based and Zhang et al.'s tripartite identity-based protocols. This paper reports that 1) In Cheng et al.'s identity-based protocol, an adversary can extract long-term private keys of all the parties involved; and 2) Cheng et al.'s certification-based protocol is weak against key integrity attacks. This paper suggests possible remedies for the security flaws in both protocols and then presents a modified Cheng et al.'s identity-based, one-round tripartite protocol that is more secure than the original protocol.

• 도시과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2018

Due to the strong relationship between Baekje, one of the ancient Korean Kingdom and Japan through the same religion, Buddhism, it is possible to find many similarities in remains, such as temples, and pagodas, and in many relics, in both cities. However, from the point view of urban planning, Buyeo, originally designed as the fortress city, has a different city planning strategies from that of Kyoto which is a straight-lined city. After Buyeo was destroyed by Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms in Korea, it got deemphasized in Korean history. Later, Buyeo's recent city planning was directly affected and implanted in Japanese Imperialism period (1910-1945) one which emphasizes the layout of Japanese temple which serves as the center of the ceremonies for their ancestors. Thus, it is possible to find cultural interrelation in urban planning between two cities throughout the history of Korea and Japan.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.390-403
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• 2017

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method has a good adaptability for the simulation of free surface flow problems. There are two forms of SPH. One is weak compressible SPH and the other one is incompressible SPH (ISPH). Compared with the former one, ISPH method performs better in many cases. ISPH based on Rankine source solution can perform better than traditional ISPH, as it can use larger stepping length by avoiding the second order derivative in pressure Poisson equation. However, ISPH_R method needs to solve the sparse linear matrix for pressure Poisson equation, which is one of the most expensive parts during one time stepping calculation. Iterative methods are normally used for solving Poisson equation with large particle numbers. However, there are many iterative methods available and the question for using which one is still open. In this paper, three iterative methods, CGS, Bi-CGstab and GMRES are compared, which are suitable and typical for large unsymmetrical sparse matrix solutions. According to the numerical tests on different cases, still water test, dam breaking, violent tank sloshing, solitary wave slamming, the GMRES method is more efficient than CGS and Bi-CGstab for ISPH method.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.703-708
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• 2006

The cantilever beam with nonlinearity has many dynamic characteristics of nonlinear vibration. Nonlinear terms of a flexible cantilever beam include inertia, spring, damping, and warping. When the beam is given basic harmonic excitation, it shows planar and nonplanar vibrations due to one-to-one resonance. And when the one-to-one resonance occurs, the flexible beam shows different behaviors in those vibrations. For the one-to-one resonance occurring in each mode, the phase value of the planar vibration is different from that of the nonlinear vibration. This paper investigates the phase change and the phase difference between such planar and nonplanar vibrations which are caused by one-to-one resonance.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

The cantilever beam with nonlinearity has many dynamic characteristics of nonlinear vibration. Nonlinear terms of a flexible cantilever beam include inertia, spring, damping, and warping. When the beam is given basic harmonic excitation, it shows planar and nonplanar vibrations due to one-to-one resonance. And when the one-to-one resonance occurs, the flexible beam shows different behaviors in those vibrations. For the one-to-one resonance occurring in each mode, the phase value of the planar vibration is different from that of the nonlinear vibration. This paper investigates the phase change and the phase difference between such planar and nonplanar vibrations which are caused by one-to-one resonance.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2000

UML은 OMG에 의해서 표준 객체지향 모델링 언어로 승인 받았다. 그러나, UML을 지원하는 몇몇의 CASE 도구들이 생성한 C++ 코드는 1대 n 관계나 aggregation 관계의 의미를 정확히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 또한, 상용 CASE 도구들이 하나의 UML 클래스 다이어그램에서 너무 많은 프로그래밍 언어를 지원하기 때문에, 그들은 C++언어가 가지는 특징을 효율적으로 지원하지 못하고 있다. 제안된 C++코드 생성기는 1대 n의 관계, aggregation 관계, 코드 패턴(code pattern), 디자인 패턴(design pattern)을 지원한다.본 논문에서는 UML 클래스 다이어그램 기반의 효율적인 C++ 코드 생성기의 설계와 구현에 대하여 기술한다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2016

There are many free applications that need users to sign up before they can use the applications nowadays. It is difficult to choose a suitable password for your account. If the password is too complicated, then it is hard to remember it. However, it is easy to be intruded by other users if we use a very simple password. Therefore, biometric-based approach is one of the solutions to solve the issue. The biometric-based approach includes keystroke dynamics on keyboard, mice, or mobile devices, gait analysis and many more. The approach can integrate with any appropriate machine learning algorithm to learn a user typing behavior for authentication system. Preprocessing phase is one the important role to increase the performance of the algorithm. In this paper, we have proposed ensemble-by-session (EBS) method which to operate the preprocessing phase before the training phase. EBS distributes the dataset into multiple sub-datasets based on the session. In other words, we split the dataset into session by session instead of assemble them all into one dataset. If a session is considered as one day, then the sub-dataset has all the information on the particular day. Each sub-dataset will have different information for different day. The sub-datasets are then trained by a machine learning algorithm. From the experimental result, we have shown the improvement of the performance for each base algorithm after the preprocessing phase.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.656-667
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• 2003

혼잡 제어는 에러 제어와 함께 신뢰적 멀티캐스트의 핵심적인 기능이다. MTCP나 TRAMCC와 같은 기존의 트리 기반의 혼잡 제어 기법은 일대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트를 위하여 설계되어 다대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트에 적용할 경우 몇몇 문제점들이 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 트리 기반의 다대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트 프로토콜을 위한 효율적인 혼잡 제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 혼잡 윈도우 기법을 기반으로 하며 전송률 제어기를 추가적으로 사용한다. 수신자들의 처리 부담을 최소화하기 위하여 추가적인 피드백 없이 에러 복구를 위한 피드백을 혼잡 제어를 위하여 이용하며, 동적으로 네트워크의 상태의 변화를 반영하는 ACK 타이머와 NACK 타이머 및 빠른 전송률 복구 기법 등을 통하여, 세션 내의 흐름들 간의 공평성을 제공한다. 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 사용해서 제안하는 기법이 세션 내의 흐름 간 공평성에 있어서 기존의 TRAMCC보다 효과적인 것을 보였으며, TCP-친화성, 응답성, 확장성에 있어서 만족할 만한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. 그리고, 신뢰적 멀티캐스트 프로토콜인 GAM에 통합 구현하여 실험실 내 시험 네트워크 상에서 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자분야
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• pp.123-127
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• 2004

Cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) has been used as a light source for direct type backlights for LCD monitors or TV. One inverter for one CCFL was necessary for maintaining the lamp current so that many inverters were used to drive as many CCFLs of direct type backlight for LCD TV. An inverter for driving 16 CCFLs was developed to reduce the backlight cost. The length and diameter of CCFL were 450mm and 4mm, respectively. Backlight including 16 CCFLs for 26" LCD TV was assembled by using one inverter. The uniformities of the assembled backlight operated by the conventional inverter and the newly developed inverter were 75% and 88%, respectively.