• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.546-549
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• 2002

The impact of storage conditions on the permeability of porcine buccal mucosa to [$^3H$]water and [$^{14}C$]mannitol was assessed. The fresh pocine buccal tissue (fresh tissue) was obtained by utilizing pig heads within 24 hours of slaughter. The stored and frozen porcine buccal tissues (stored tissue and frozen tissue) were obtained after the storage of the tissue intact in the pig heads at $4^{\circ}C$ or -$20^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 24 h. The results demonstrated that the barrier properties of the porcine buccal mucosa were maintained with regard to [$^3H$]water permeability when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. However, freezing the tissue resulted in tissue damage illustrated by a significant increase in [$^3$H]water permeability. [$^{14}C$]Mannitol does not appear to be a suitable model solute to assess the ex vivo permeability of porcine buccal mucosa due to its extremely low permeability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1058-1067
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• 1991

High potassium cardioplegia is a widely accepted procedure to enhance myocardial protection from ischemic injuries associated with open heart surgery. Maintaining optimum osmolarity of the cardioplegic solution is one of the required conditions for an ideal cardioplegic solution Albumin is an frequently added component for maintaining optimum osmolarity of clinically used cardioplegic solutions. But the source of albumin is human blood so that the supply is limited and the cost of manufacturing is relatively high. Recently there are moves to minimized the use of blood product for fear of blood-associated infections or immunological disorders. In this experiment, we substituted mannitol or glucose for albumin added to the cardioplegic solution which has been used at the Wonju Medical College, To determine whether addition of mannitol or glucose instead of albumin in the cardioplegic solution can produce satisfactory myocardial protection during ischemia, three different groups of isolated rat heart perfused by modified Langendorff technique were studied. Wonju Cardioplegic Solution was selected as a standard high potassium[18mEq/L of K+] cardioplegic solution. Three kinds of cardioplegic solution were made by modifying the composition maintaining the same osmolarity[339$\pm$1mOsm/Kg] Isolated rat heart were perfused initially with retrograde nonworking mode and then changed to working mode. After measuring the heart rate, systolic aortic pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, ischemic arrest by aorta cross clamp and cardioplegia was made maintaining the temperature of water jacket at 10oC. The heart was rewarmed and reperfused after 60min of ischemic arrest with intermittent cardioplegia at the 30min interval. The time to return of heart beat and the time required to get. Regular heart beat were observed after reperfusion. The recovery rate of the functional variables-heart rate, systolic aortic pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output were calculated and compared among the three groups of different cardioplegia-albumin, mannitol, and glucose. The wet weight and dry weight was measured and the water content of the heart as figured out for comparison. The time to return of heart beat was fastest in the albumin group, The functional recovery rates were best in the albumin group also. In the above conditions, albumin was the best additive to the cardioplegic solution compared to the mannitol or glucose.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2020

Embryogenic calli from Codonopsis lanceolata L. were cultured in MS liquid media and supplemented with various concentrations of primary carbon sources to study the effects of carbohydrates and osmoticum on somatic embryogenesis and somatic embryo morphology. Sucrose, glucose, and a combination of 3% sucrose and various concentrations of sorbitol or mannitol as osmoticum were used as carbon supplements. The maximum number of somatic embryos per flask was greater in media exclusively supplemented with 3% sucrose (128.29) than exclusively glucose-supplemented media (47.67) and either supplement combination of 3% sucrose and osmoticum (95.67 with mannitol and 114.00 with sorbitol). The number of somatic embryos gradually decreased in media with increasing concentrations of combined osmoticum supplement. Decreases also occurred in the highest concentrations of sucrose- and glucose-supplemented media. The total frequency of somatic embryos with two cotyledons was slightly higher in medium with 3% + mannitol (24.09%) compared with exclusively sucrose (21.52%), glucose (21.22%), or 3% sucrose + sorbitol (22.13%). As concentrations of sucrose and glucose increased, the occurrence of two cotyledons and trumpet cotyledons gradually decreased and the occurrence of polycotyledon and globular stage embryos increased. Furthermore, as concentrations of 3% sucrose and osmoticum increased, the occurrence of trumpet cotyledon and globular stage embryos increased and the occurrence of polycotyledon gradually decreased. These results demonstrated that the somatic embryogenesis and occurrence of cotyledon morphology were influenced by the concentration of carbohydrates and combinations of 3% sucrose and osmoticum supplements.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 1999

The pts operon, which encodes several factors in the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Escherichia coli, has multiple promoters which respond to different signals to facilitate quick adaptation to changes in growth conditions. The influence of an 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter on pts expression was studied in vitro by employing the DNA templates containing both P0 and P1 promoter with or without the 1 kbp upstream DNA region for in vitro transcription assay. The 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter, however, had no effect on pts transcription in vitro. The intracellular concentration of cAMP was measured when cells were grown in the presence of glucose, mannose, or mannitol. The transcription of P0 was increased maximally in the presence of glucose even though the concentration of cAMP in the condition was lowest while the transcription from the P1b was highest when cells were grown in the presence of mannose or mannitol even though the intracellular concentration of cAMP was lower than cells grown in the absence of the sugar. These results suggest the possibility of the existence of a glucose inducible repressor specific for the P0 promoter and a second repressor that is inducible by glucose, mannose and mannitol specific for the P1 promoter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1098-1099
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• 1996

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1156-1158
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• 2001

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

Protoplasts of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Aralia continentalis K. (Araliaceae) were isolated from callus cells and mesophyll cells, respectively. The maximum yield of protoplasts isolated from callus cells of P. ginseng were obtained by incubation for 3 hrs in the enzyme mixture of 0.5% macerozyme, 1.5% cellulase, and 0.5 M mannitol as an osmoticum. In the case of mesophyll cells of A. continentalis, the highest yield of protoplasts were obtained by incubation for 5 hrs in the enzyme mixture of 1% macerozyme, 2% cellulase, and 0.6 M mannitol. A polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment induced an intergeneric fusion of the protoplasts. The fusion products, that is, heterokaryocytes were obtained by treatment of 50% PEG containing 0.05 M Ca salts.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 1994

The stability of red ginseng saponin in aqueous solution was studied with the acceleration test method. The degradation rate constant of ginsenoside Rb1, an index component of red ginseng saponin, was $2.371{\times}10^{-4}\;day^{-1}$ at $20^{\circ}C$, and the shelf-life was about 570 days. The pH-rate profile demonstrated that the most stable range was pH 6-8. Mannitol and benzyl alcohol, common excipients for injection, exerted no influence on the degradation reaction of ginsenoside Rb1.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2008

The full-length cDNA of CaAbsi1 encodes a presumptive protein of 134 amino acid residues that has homology to a putative zinc finger protein in its C-terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence has 50% homology to Oryza sativa NP001049-274, the function of which is unknown. Expression of CaAbsi1 was reduced in response to inoculation of non-host pathogens. On the other hand it was induced one hour after exposure to high concentrations of NaCl or mannitol, and six hours after transfer to low temperature. Induction also occurred in response to oxidative stress, methyl viologen, hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid. Our results suggest that CaAbsi1 plays a role in multiple responses to wounding and abiotic stresses.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1998

Changes of free sugars and sugar alcohols of fresh shiitake were measured during storage. Shiitake were stored at 1$^{\circ}C$ and -4$^{\circ}C$, with non-packaging, wrapping, 0.03mm polyethylene(PE)film packaging(unpunched and punched, unprecooled and precooled before storage), 0.05mm PE film (vacuum packaging). Chanties of glycerol, arabitol and arabinose contents were not marked during storage. The content chanties of $\beta$-rhamnose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose and maltose were the smallest until 40days storage and were increased significantly after 40 days and then decreased significantly after 50days. Content of $\beta$-rhamnose during storage when was treated unprecooling, 0.03mm PE film punched and unpunched at -4$^{\circ}C$ was the highest 25.08% and 34.86%, respectively in 50~60days. Content of mannitol was not changed at -4$^{\circ}C$.