• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.633-638
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• 1989

The changes of free sugars in Kimchi during fermentation were analyzed by GC. The major sugars in Kimchi were mannose, fructose, glucose, and galactose and they were reduced gradually with fermentation, whereas mannitol appeared in the middle stage of fermentation and reduced slowly. The presence of mannitol in Kimchi was identified by GC and GC/MS for the first time. Most of free sugars were stemmed from chinese cabbage and radish, and reduced with fermentation. These patterns of change of free sugars were almost the same in Kimchi. It could be concluded that regardless of kinds of Kimchi the fermentation mechanism of Kimchi was very similar on the basis of the changes of free sugars.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.345-348
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• 1985

Recombinant chimeric plasmid constructed with Xba I digested pUBl10 and -pE194 was transformed by polyethylene glycol induced protoplast transformation system into Bacillus subtilis BR 151 on the mannitol regeneration media, and two genes of antibiotics resistance were expressed simultaneously in the transfromant. Transformation frequency of the recombinant plasmid was 6.5 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ on the mannitol regeneration agar plate containing neomycin and erythromycin. The replication of recombinant plasmid in the recipient cells was confirmed by the alkaline extraction method and agarose gel electrophoresis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1993

1) OBT7 mutant was isolated by W light-butanol tolerance from Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicm ATCC 13564 (N1-4 strain). The mutant produced 16.5 g/l (1.4-fold increase) of n-butanol, 4.65 g/l (1.5-fold increase) of acetone, and 21.5 g/l of total solvent. It was suggested that clostridial bacteria producing n-butanol does not have a poor effect on misrepair via an error-prone pathway by UV light-butanol tolerance. 2) Compared to glucose fermentation, in mannitol fermentation, OBT7 mutant did not produce acetone and acetic acid. And the ratios of n-butanol and ethanol to total solvents increased by 10.3% and 10.5%, respectively, totalling 20.8%, while the ratio of acetone was decreased by 21.2%. Also the maximum ratio of n-butanol to total solvents reached 94.8%. These results indicated that oxidized compound (acetone, acetic acid, and butyric acid) was converted to the reduced compounds (n-butanol, and ethanol). Therefore, mannitol can be used to eliminate by-products of oxidized compound.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2020

This study was focused on developing and obtaining a kimchi starter for use in commercial kimchi production. Kimchi varieties made with selected starters are of high quality, have high levels of mannitol, and extended shelf life. The starters were screened for properties such as mannitol production, low gas/acid production, and acid resistance. Finally, kimchi fermentation testing was performed using selected LAB starters. Kimchi samples were prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio03 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio104. The LAB starters are isolated from kimchi and can grow under pH 3.0 and low temperature conditions of 5℃. Four kimchi samples were fermented and stored for 28 days at 5℃. The kimchi samples made with starters (PBio03 and PBio104) had better quality (production of mannitol and maintenance of heterofermentative LAB dominance) than the non-starter kimchi samples. In the starter kimchi, Leu. mesenteroides was the dominant LAB, comprising 80% and 70% of total LAB counts at 7 and 21 days, respectively. Mannitol content of the kimchi with Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 was 1,423 ± 19.1 mg/100 g at 28 days, which was higher than that of the non-starter kimchi sample (1,027 ± 12.2 mg/100 g). These results show the possibility of producing kimchi with improved qualities using Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 and PBio104 as starters.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannitol using Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L, Celluclast$^{(R)}$ 1.5 L, Saczyme$^{(R)}$, Novozym$^{(R)}$, Fungamyl$^{(R)}$ 800 L, Driselase$^{(R)}$ Basidiomycetes sp., and Alginate Lyase, and to optimize of reaction conditions for production of reducing sugar. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design was used to study effects of the independent variables such as enzyme (1-9% v/w), reaction time (10-30 h), pH (3.0-7.0) and reaction temperature ($30-70^{\circ}C$) on production of reducing sugar from mannitol. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of $Y_1$ (yield of reducing sugar by Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L) and $Y_3$ (yield of reducing sugar by Saczyme$^{(R)}$) for the dependent variable regression equation was analyzed as 0.985 and 0.814. And the p-value of $Y_1$ and $Y_3$ showing 0.000 and 0.001 within 1% (p < 0.01), respectively, was very significant. The optimum conditions for production of reducing sugar with Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L were 9.0 % (v/w) amount of enzyme, 30.0 hours of reaction time, pH 4.5 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, and those with Saczyme$^{(R)}$ were 9.0% (v/w) of amount of enzyme dosage, 30.0 h of reaction time, pH 7.0 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, consequently, the predicted reducing sugar yields were 22.5 and 27.9 mg/g-mannitol, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

The experiments were conducted to identify several factors affecting isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts in Solanum melongena var. fructualbo. Higher viable plotoplasts were obtained, when isolated in 1.5% macerozyme, 0.2% macerozyme, 0.6M mannitol, 0.01M MES, 0.2% BSA containing solution adjusted to pH 6.3 for 4 hours. One hour plasmolysis of the material before digestion of leaf tissue was effective for protoplast yield and viability. The method of washing and purification of crude protoplasts, ESS process with 0.7M mannitol and 0.6M sucrose solution. was the best way to get purified protoplasts with viability. As isolated protoplasts were cultured in 8P-KM medium at a density of $2.5{\times}10^4/ml$, the cells were enlarged after 3 to 5 days from culture, subsequently the cells were divided and resulted in colonies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2001

Background : The information on nasal transport and the metabolism of peptides have been obtained from pharmacokinetic investigations in experimental animals. However, there are no transport and metabolic studies of human nasal epithelial cells. In this study, the permeability characteristics and the metabolic properties of in vitro human nasal cell monolayers were investigated. Material and Methods : Normal human inferior nasal conchal tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic nasal cavitary surgery. The specimens were cultured in a transwell using an air-liquid Interface (ALI) culture, and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the blank filter and confluent cell monolayers were measured. To determine the % leakage of mannitol, $4{\mu}mol%$ $^{14}C$-labelled mannitol was added and the % leakage was measured every 10 minute for 1 hour. Result : Human nasal epithelial cells in the primary culture grew to a confluent monolayer within 7 days and expressed microvilli. The tight junction between the cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The TEER value of the blank filter, fifth day and seventh day reached $108.5\;ohm.cm^2$, $141\;ohm.cm^2$ and $177.5\;ohm.cm^2$, respectively. Transcellular % leakage of the $^{14}$-mannitol at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes was $35.67{\pm}5.43$, $34.42{\pm}5.60$, $32.75{\pm}5.71$, $31.76{\pm}4.22$, $30.96{\pm}3.49$ and $29.60{\pm}3.68\;%$, respectively. Conclusion : The human nasal epithelial monolayer using ALI culture techniques is suitable for a transcellular permeability study. The data suggests that human nasal epithelial cells In an ALI culture technique shows some promise for a nasal transport and metabolism study.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2017

The cytoplasmic domains A and B of the mannitol transporter enzyme $II^{Mtl}$ are covalently linked in Escherichia coli, but separately expressed in Thermoanaerobacter Tengcongensis. The phosphorylation of domain B ($TtIIB^{Mtl}$) substantially increases the binding affinity to the domain A ($TtIIA^{Mtl}$) in T. Tengcongensis. To understand the structural basis of the enhanced domain-domain interaction by protein phosphorylation, we obtained NMR backbone assignments of the phospho-$TtIIB^{Mtl}$ using a standard suite of triple resonance experiments. Our results will be useful to monitor chemical shift changes at the active site of phosphorylation and the binding interfaces.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.749-757
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• 2002

Chiral oxazolidin-2-one is easily prepared from D-mannitol and demonstrated to undergo highly diastereoselective alkylation reactions via lithium imide Z-enolates of its N-acyl derivatives to afford ${\alpha}-branched$ products. Evans syn and non-Evans sy n aldol products were also selectively obtained using this new auxiliary in high diastereomeric purity by simply changing the stoichiometry of TiCl4 and the nature of the amine base. Also, this new auxiliary is employed in diastereoselective Staudinger-type ${\beta}-lactam$ syntheses. Using 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide as the dehydrating agent, the reaction of auxiliary tethered acetic acid with trans imines gave the desired ${\beta}-lactams$ with cis-selectivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.2038-2042
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• 2014

4-(tert-Octyl)phenol derivatives bearing the D-mannitol substructure (6a, 6b, 7) were prepared from $\small{D}$-mannitol and evaluated their anticancer activity against human lung (A549) and prostate (Lncap, Du145, PC3) cancer cell lines. Among derivatives tested, the bis(tert-octyl)phenoxy compound 7 exhibited strongest proliferation inhibitory activities against human cancer cell lines tested, especially high sensitivity to human Du145 prostate cancer cells ($IC_{50}=7.3{\mu}M$).