• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2003

In this study, the effects of science achievement faculties improvements upon students' logical thinking, science inquiry skills, experiment attitudes, manipulated skills and inquiry process skills were investigated in high school inquiry chemistry experiments. For this purpose, the participants were 150 students taking the course of high school chemistry class in Anyang-city. Logical thinking and science inquiry skills' data were collected from written tests, inquiry process skills' data were collected from reports and experiment attitudes and manipulated skills' data were collected from classroom observations. As the results of this study, students' inquiry process skills, experiment attitudes and manipulative skills were very low. But other parts except inquiry process skills were significantly increased. And the science achievement of students were improved when continuously inquiry chemistry experiment were applied to students.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.125-129
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• 2008

Lying has been such a wrong act in human society, but at the same time we are perpetrating lying surprisingly often in the interpersonal situation. Like this, between what we think and what we do about telling lie is pretty different, and these differences are came from ambivalent attitudes stemmed from different sources which is divided into the implicit and the explicit attitude. We find manipulative liars by simulated racing task by using virtual environment. Implicit Association Test was applied to them to see implicit beliefs, and used self-reported questionnaires to identify explicit attitude about lying. As a result they could manipulate the explicit measures but could not maneuver their own implicit attraction to lie Liars' deceptive behaviors usually occur in subtle and covert way so that it has been hard to notice and to know what lead them to lie. However, as we know those spontaneous process is linked with deception, triggering them lie, it became no more veiled, unpredictable actions.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.193-212
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• 2017

This study focuses on cuisenaire rods that can be used when teaching fractions to elementary school students. First of all, this study critically examines the use of cuisenaire rods in learning of fraction proposed by various researches. Then, based on this review, this study explores in detail the use of cuisenaire rods in teachers' manuals developed from the revised curriculum by 2009 and in lessons related to fraction. The results of this study show that there are subtle differences in how to use cuisenaire rods in learning fractions and these subtle differences have a significant impact on students' understanding of the fractions. Therefore, the teachers should be able to accurately grasp the differences and utilize appropriate methods for teaching purpose. The followings are some of the implications for teachers or textbook developers when using cuisenaire rods in fraction learning: First, we should use cuisenaire rods in ways that can fully exploit the interpretations of the fraction as a part-whole and the fraction as a ratio. Second, we should focus on quantitative reasoning with unit to determine what each cuisenaire rod refers to. Third, it is necessary to take a more careful and sensitive approach to the use of cuisenaire rods. Teachers and textbook developers should constantly explore ways to make good use of mathematical manipulatives to help students understand conceptually in fractional learning. Furthermore, when teaching various mathematical topics using different manipulatives, I expect that there will be sufficient discussions and specific studies on how to use each of these manipulatives.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.389-403
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• 2020

This study aims to examine how information processing competency as one of the mathematical competencies has been interpreted and applied in mathematics education by analyzing tasks in middle school mathematics textbooks under the 2015 revised national curriculum. Based on the sub-elements of information processing competency organized by Park et al.(2015), we analyzed 191 tasks in 30 different middle school mathematics textbooks using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Also, we investigated the meaning of information processing competency embedded in the tasks by distinguishing the characteristics of several different types of tasks. The results from this study showed that the number of tasks related to information processing competency in mathematics textbooks was too small and there was a huge difference across the textbooks in terms of the sub-elements. Even though there were four sub-elements of information processing competency, 'the use of manipulative and technological tools' was extremely dominant in the tasks in general. Even many of them used technology and manipulatives superficially. Furthermore, any textbook did not provide tasks dealing with all the four sub-elements. Such an unbalanced and fragmented approach to information processing competency could produce biased knowledge and insufficient experiences for information processing competency. It calls for further investigation and discussion about how to improve information processing competency in school mathematics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

As there has recently been growing interest in Alternative Medicine, Oriental Medicals have been trying to incorporate Alternative Medicine into Oriental Medicine evolutionarily. The purpose of this study is to make a comparative study of the historical background and present condition, the view of life, the principle of therapeutics, and the various therapeutics in Alterative Medicine and Oriental Medicine from the viewpoint of Oriental Medicine. The conclusion of this study is; 1. Although Alternative Medicine has become influential mainly in the effort of finding a solution the limit of western medicine, the clinical effect of Alternative Medicine should be verified continuously. 2. Alternative Medicine includes all of the therapeutics such as Traditional Medicine, Naturopathy, Complementary Medicine and Selective Medicine whose characters are different from Western Medicine and Oriental Medicine can be regarded as a sort of Alternative Medicine. 3. The holistic, systematic view of life of Alternative Medicine, from which viewpoint human considered as a harmonious vital existence, is a sort of recurrence to the view of Hipporcrates. 4. From the viewpoint of Alternative Medicine, a disease is not partial but holistic disorder and is treated by utilizing natural products as a medicine based on the principle that pursues harmonious and balanced psychosomatic function. This principle of therapeutic is the same as Oriental Medicine is based on. 5. Alternative Medicine may be classified largely five category, (1) Eastern Therapy, (2) Manipulative Therapy, (3) Natural Therapy, (4) Active Therapy, (5) Therapy Involving External Powers. 6. Besides Alternative Medicine which is used in clinical treatment, Massage, Homeopathy, Bach Flower remedies, Meditation, and other Music Therapy and Color Therapy is relatively accordant with therapeutics in Oriental Medicine and should be more actively accepted in clinics and improved.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2005

Physiotherapyists frequently use manipulative therapy technique to treat dysfunctionand pain resulting from ankle sprain. Despite the high prevalence of lateral ankle ligament injuries, few studies are available indicating any physical associations with the development of lateral ankle ligament injuries, or information of treatment for lateral ankle ligament injuries. To investigate the effect of passive joint mobilization, the anteroposterior glide on the talus, on increasing weight-bearing dorsiflexion, single support time and VAS. Sixty lateral ankle ligament injuries (grade I and grade II) aged between 17 and 27 years (mean age 21) were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The control group received a protocol of rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) and massage. The experimental group received the anteroposterior mobilization, using a force that avoided incurring any increase in pain, in addition to the RICE protocol. Subjects in both groups were treated every second day for a maximum of 2 weeks or until the discharge criteria were met, and all subjects were given a home program of continued RICE application. Outcomes were measured after each treatment. The results showed that the experimental group than the control group. Weight-bearing dorsiflexion (F=7.640, P<0.05), single support time (F=85.532, P<0.05) and VAS (F=10.610, P<0.050). Between-groups differences were observed as; experimental group is increased weight-bearing dorsiflexion, single support time and reduced VAS.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.919-935
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors. The data were collected by field measurement survey, and non-participatory observation from 9 child care centers in Daejeon. The field measurement survey were conducted from June 20 to July 20, 2004, whereas non-participatory behavior observation were conducted from September 2 to October 10, 2004. The major results showed the following. 1) The characteristics of outdoor play environment in child care centers showed that most of them were too small and did not use the adequate surfacing to play various activities. In many cases, outdoor play settings was made of play equipment setting, play props and manipulative settings, and tree/vegetation. 2) Child's play behavior has been focused on functional play activity and construction play activity. 3) The relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors showed that small outside play environment with monotonous construction and multi-complex play equipments produced functional play behaviors on children. On the other hand, where various play areas were put together, we could observe relatively diverse play behaviors. However, in some cases, despite the small and monotonous play area, diverse play behaviors were observed. These playgrounds at least differed from others in that they provided the place where multi purpose play was possible. This finding shows that multi purpose play areas can be an alternative in small playground environment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

Objectives : With an assumption of traditional oriental medical theory, to evaluate the effect of tonification/sedation manipulative acupuncture on blood pressure in male normotensives. Methods : This study was a randomized cross-over trial. We enrolled healthy male normotensive subjects, and assigned them randomly to group A or group B. Group A received acupuncture therapy on Shen-Men (He-7) and Nei-Kuan (EH-6) with tonification-manipulation, while group B received it with sedation-manipulation. Blood pressure was assessed every ten minutes for 2 hours. After 3 days of washout period, the subjects were crossed over to the other manipulation, and the same procedures were performed. Results : We observed that blood pressure stimulated by the sedation-manipulation had a tendency to decrease compared to that by the tonification-manipulation. Conclusions : We suggest the sedation manipulation has more synergic effect with the inhibitory effects of Shen-Men and Nei-Kuan on the sympathetic nervous system than the tonification-manipulation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.732-745
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• 2009

Objectives : This study analyzed the contents of research papers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published in PubMed during the last 5 years. This study was conducted to help clinical studies for treating COPD with Oriental medicine. Materials and Methods : We inspected 31 theses and scrutinized their objectives, periods, participants, materials and methods, methods of assessment, results and Jadad score. Results : The treatments in the studies were supplements, physical training, acupuncture, acu-TENS, Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), counseling, breathing training, osteopathic manipulative treatment, reflexology, and distractive auditory stimuli. The aims of treatment were improvement of exercise capacity, lung function, quality of life, oxidative status, nutrient status, systemic inflammation, and cessation of smoking. The median for treatment period of study was 8 weeks, the median number of participants was 35 and the differences between mean $FEV_1$ from groups were less than 10% in 22 studies. The methods of assessment were lung function test, exercise capacity test, muscle strength test, questionnaire of QoL, laboratory studies, and measurement of nutrient state. The mean of Jadad score was $2.4\;{\pm}\;1.03$, and 24 treatment were assessed as effective. Conclusion : Recent CAM studies of COPD have focused on various topics in alternative and complementary medicine, and it is necessary to provide objective studies for treatment of this disease with Oriental medicines.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.233-251
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to propose instructional methods using base-ten blocks in teaching the division of decimal for 5th grade students by analyzing the process of their conceptual comprehension. The students in this study were found to understand the two main meanings of the division of decimal, distribution and area, by modeling them with base-ten blocks. They were able to identify the algorithm through the use of base-ten blocks and to understand the principle of calculations by connecting the manipulative activities to each stage of algorithm. The students were also able to determine using base-ten blocks whether the results of division of decimal might be reasonable. This study suggests that the appropriate use of base-ten blocks promotes the conceptual understanding of the division of decimal.