• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to compare the craniofacial morphology of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with that of normal occlusion in children, and to investigate the incidence of various Class II, Division 1 craniofacial skeletal patterns. The subjects consist of thirty seven boys and fifty three girls with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, and forty six boys and eighty one girls 10-15 years with normal occlusion. Measurements were recorded, tabulated and analyzed on the lateral cephalograms by the degree of SNA, SNB and ANB. The following characteristics of the Class II, Division 1 skeletal pattern were observed. 1. The anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the cranium in the Class II, Division 1 was very similar to that of normal occlusion. 2, Mandible of the Class II, Division 1 malocclusion was in the posterior position in relation to the cranial anatomy when compared to normal. 3. The chin point as measured by SN Pog and NS Gn showed distal positioning in relation to normal occlusion. 4. SN to mandibular plane angle was large in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. 5. Mandibular incisor inclination was not significantly different between Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and normal occlusion, but maxillary incisors inclined and positioned labially and consequently overjet was large in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. 6. Class II, Division 1 malocclusion was divided into four types of craniofacial skeletal pattern. The most common Class II, Division 1 pattern was found to be type C in which SN-Mand. Pl. was above mean range of normal occlusion. The next frequent pattern was found to be type A in which maxilla and mandible were within normal range of protrusion while upper incisors were severly labially inclined.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1988

저자들은 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 치과에 상하악 치조전돌을 주소로 내원한 2명의 환자에게 상하악의 전치부 분절골절단술과 교정치료를 병행하여 심미적으로 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 치료결과를 아래와 같이 요약했다. 1. 전치부를 후방 위치시키는 외과적 술식으로 제 1소구치 발치 공간을 이용해 Wunderer, Kole방법을 사용했다. 2. crowding이 있었던 증례 2에서는 술전 교정으로 이를 해소했고 intrusion시키는 단계에서 외과적 시술을 시행하였다. 3. 술전 paper surgery, cast surgery에 의해 술후 결과를 어느 정도 예상할 수 있었다. 4. cast상에서 resin splint를 제작하여 6주 동안 악내고정하였고 이에 따라 악간고정은 필요치 않았다. 5. 증례 2에서 수술후 남아있는 deep bite를 개선하기 위해 술후교정을 시행했다. 6. 각각 3개월, 5개월 관찰하였는 바 아직까지는 relapse와 합병증이 나타나지 않았으며 심미적인 면에서 개선된 양상을 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1997

본 연구는 골격성 III 급 부정교합 환자에서 하악골 후방이동수술을 시행하였을 때 경, 연조직 변화를 관찰하고 수술전후의 경, 연조직 변화의 상관성을 산출하여 교정-악교정 수술 복합 치료 계획의 수립과 결과의 예측에 이용하고자 하였다. 영남의료원 치과에 내원하여 상하악골의 수직적인 부조화는 경미하고 전후방적인 부조화가 심한 골격성 III급 부정교합으로 진단되어 수술전 교정치료를 받고 1989년 10월부터 1997년 1월 중에 하악골 시상분할 골절단술로 하악골의 후방이동을 시행한 성인 환자 25명(남자 12명, 여자 13명)을 대상으로 수술전후 측모두부방사선사진을 계측, 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 하악골의 시상분할 골절단술로 하악골의 후방이동에 따른 하안면부의 연조직의 수평적인 후방 이동은 상당한 유의성을 가지고 나타났으나 수직적인 변화는 거의 없었다. 2. 하악골의 시상분할 골절단술로 하악골의 후방이동을 시행한 경우 상순의 상대적인 돌출도는 증가하고 (p<0.01) 하순의 상대적인 돌출도는 감소하였으며(p<0.01) 하악골 전방부의 연조직의 두께는 증가하였다(99% 유의수준).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.430-440
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• 1998

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and to compare measurement of Korean children in the Field I, II, III, IV, V, VI to Japanese and Caucasians by the Ricketts' analysis. Lateral cephalograms of 24 males and 27 females with normal occlusion and acceptable profile 9 years of age were obtained and statistically analyzed. 1. Norms of Korean males, females and both sexes at 9 years old were established. 2. Significant differences between male and female exist in incisor overjet, maxillary incisor protrusion, mandibular incisor inclination, cranial deflection, corpus length. Maxillary incisor of male was more protrude and overjet was larger than female 3. Korean was similar to Japanese but different from Caucasian. Compare with facial axis and facial depth, chin was retruded dolichofacial pattern and due to large mandibular plane angle and small corpus length, mandibular plane was inclined and mandible body was short. Compare with porion location, ramus position and posterior facial height, ramus was long and located posterior. Compare with maxillary depth and maxillary height, maxilla was located posterior and inferior. The distance between the upper molar and PTV was short, the amount of distalization is limited. Maxillary and mandibular incisor were more protruded and also lower lip was more protruded to esthetic line 4. In comparison between 9 and 11 years old, growth changes of facial depth, mandibular plane angle, corpus length and upper molar position were larger than that of Japanese and Caucasians.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2014

Purpose: To analyze the amount and pattern of tooth movement and the changes in arch dimension of mandibular dentition after orthodontic treatment using a new three-dimensional (3D)-indirect superimposition method. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of fifteen adult patients with class I bialveolar protrusion and minimal anterior crowding, treated by extraction of four first premolars with conventional sliding mechanics. After superimposition of 3D-virtual maxillary models before and after treatment using best-fit method, 3D-virtual mandibular model at each stage was placed into a common coordinate of superimposition using 3D-bite information, which resulted in 3D-indirect superimposition for mandibular dentition. The changes in mandibular dental and arch dimensional variables were measured with Rapidform 2006 (INUS Technology). Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result: The anterior teeth moved backward, displaced laterally, and inclined lingually. The posterior teeth showed statistically significant contraction toward midsagittal plane. The amounts of backward movement of anterior teeth and forward movement of posterior teeth showed a ratio of 6 : 1. Although the inter-canine width increased slightly (0.8 mm, P<0.05), the inter-second premolar, inter-first molar, and inter-second molar widths decreased significantly with similar amounts (2.2 mm, P<0.05; 2.3 mm, P<0.01; 2.3 mm, P<0.001). The molar depth decreased (6.7 mm, P<0.001) but canine depth did not change. Conclusion: A new 3D-indirect superimposition of the mandibular dentitions using best-fit method and 3D-bite information can present a guideline for virtual treatment planning in terms of tooth position and arch dimension.

• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1984

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentofacial relationship of the Korean adult females who had excellent profile using roentgenocephalometry. The subjects were 35 females from 19 to 24 years of age selected among the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars. And, as the control group, 37 females from 18 to 23 years of age with normal occlusion and acceptable profile were selected. In both groups, each variable was measured and evaluated statistically introducing 24 reference points, 22 reference lines and 17 reference angles respectively. Conclusions from this study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups. But SNA and convexity angle which had indicated the maxillary protrusion were lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in ~he control group. 2. In the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars, the maxillary and mandibular incisors were more upright than in the control group. 3. The protrusion of the upper and lower lip was lesser in the professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars than in the control group. 4. Professional models, beauty contest winners and performing stars revealed more straight profile than the control group and were similar to that of the Caucasian. 5. Generally, it was the tendency that the straight profile was accepted as esthetics.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.345-372
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• 1992

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of changes of mandibular position on temporomandibular joint in internal derangement patients Twenty-four female New Zealand White Rabbits, weighing over 3.5kg, were utilized in this study . Bilateral temporomandibular joint surgery was performed in twenty-one of the rabbits to displace disc anteriorly through incising the retrodiscal tissue 1-2mm posterior to the disc, thus inducing internal derangement. They were divided into three groups nine were left untreated after surgery, six were fitted with functional protrusive appliances 4 weeks after surgery, and six wore collar appliances to apply 4 ounces of mandibular refractive force per side 4 weeks after surgery. The remaining three served as the control group. Histologic examinations were performed after sacrificing them by threes at 4-week intervals. The results were as follows. 1. Histologic findings similar to internal derangement were observed in the rabbits whose retrodiscal tissues had been incised. 2. In the rabbits untreated after surgery, articular surface on condylar process and articular eminence showed severe erosion and deformation, and displaced disc manifested changes in both shape and internal architecture. 3. Functional protrusion after surgery resulted in progressive remodeling on postero-superior portion of condyle and glenoid fossa, while it also brought about erosion on articular eminence and anterior portion of condyle. 4. Mandibular retraction after surgery resulted in compression of retrodiscal tissue and regressive remodeling of posterior portion of condyle.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible. RESULTS. The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees. CONCLUSION. The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05. Results: Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1987

There are variations in regional cranial and facial balance as a normal developmental process and regional imbalances often tend to compensate each other to provide functional equilibrium. This study was designed to analyse the patterns of morphologic harmony and inharmony inherent in normal occlusion and malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 92 individuals with normal occlusion and 60 Class III malocclusion patients. Their lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed using the counterpart analysis described by Enlow. The normal occlusion group was divided into Normal Types A and B according to the relative positions of Points A and B. The following conclusions were reached: 1 The normal occlusion consisted of $28.3\%$ of Normal Type A and $69.6\%$ of Normal Type B. 2. The Normal Type A and B differed from each other in the morphology of the cranial base, the mandibular ramus and corpus, and the functional occlusal plane. The Normal Type B showed considerable mandibular protrusion effect in the effective dimension and alignment of the above factors. 3. Most normal individuals showed some degree of disharmony among morphologic factors but the deviations were relatively small. 4. The Normal Type B was less balanced than the Normal Type A. 5. More regional imbalances were involved in Class III malocclusion and the imbalances were more severe.