• 치과방사선
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-220
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of morphology and structure of bone tissue, caused by administration of high-dose hydrocortisone, elcatonin and cyclophosphamide. In order to carry out experiment, 60 four-week old Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 107 gms were selected and divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was subdivided into three groups, assigned fifteen rats for each group, by the different drugs administered. Each experimental group was then categorized as follows: hydrocortisone 30㎎/㎏ b.w. with daily subcutaneous injection, elcatonin 20U/㎏ b.w. with daily subcutaneous injection, and cyclophosphamide 100㎎/㎏ b.w. with a single intraperitoneal injection. Fifteen rats were injected daily with 5㎖/㎏ b.w. of normal saline solution subcutaneously in control group. Rats in control group and experimental group were serially sacrificed on the 6th, the 15th and the 22nd day after injection of normal saline, hydrocortisone, elcatonin and cyclophosphamide, respectively. Being sacrificed, both sides of mandibular condyles were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formaline. The one side of mandibular condyles was radiographed with soft X-ray apparatus. Thereafter, the obtained radiographs were observed, and the bone density of condylar head and condylar neck regions was measured by use of transferring video-based digital radiograph. The other side was further decalcified and embedded in paraffin as usual manner, then sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, observed by light microscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Sclerotic changes with regularly increased trabecular pattern were seen throughout experimental periods in hydrocortisone group. Increased the number of trabecular pattern with irregularity and periodic striation on the periphery of condylar head region were appeared with lapse of time in elcatonin group. In cyclophosphamide group, irregular trabecular pattern and stippled radiopacities on mandibular condyle were observed with lapse of time. 2. The bone density of condylar head region was increased in hydrocortisone group, decreased in elcatonin group, and tended to be decreased in cyclophosphamide group, compared with that of control group according to the experimental periods. 3. The bone density of condylar neck region tended to be rather increased in hydrocortisone group, elcatonin group and cyclophosphamide group, depending on the experimental periods. 4. In microscopic studies, there were irregular trabecular bonds and osteoblastic activity in hydrocortisone group and elcatonin group throughout experimental periods, degenerative cartilage and trabecular bones in the 6th day and densely calcified trabecular bones in the 22nd day in cyclophosphamide group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1991

We retrospectively reviewed 334 inpatients who sustained a total of 518 mandibular fractures and who ewer treated in our department between l980-1990. This results were obtained as follows : 1. In respect of incidence, there were the highest frequency in July, and the lowest frequency in May. The number of patients has not been increased year after year due to competition with other department in our hospital. 2. The age frequency was the highest in the 2nd decade(38.9%) and the ratio of man to women was 4.9 : 1. 3. The most frequent cause of mandibular fracture was traffic accident(43.4%), and the next was fall down(24.3%), fist blow(71%), industrial accident(21%) and others in order. In the traffic accident, autobicycle accident was 14.1%. 4. The most common location of mandibular fracture was symphysis(38.8%), condyle(20.7% ), angle(19.9%) and body(15.1%) were next in order of frequency. The classification by location of fracture, the frequency of single fracture was 54.8%. 5. In 334 patients of mandibular fracture, the frequency of associated injuries was facial laceration(58.4%), teeth injuries(37.7%), extremity injuries(13.2%) were next in order of frequency. 6. The patients arrived in hospital immediately within 24 hours after accident wee 61.4% of all. In respect of treatment, open reduction was 68.7% of all. 7. Complications including infection were present 11.1% of patient. Other complications inclued delayed healing malocclusion, malocclusion and neurologic problem.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2021

Objectives: Mandibular fractures vary significantly with respect to epidemiological and demographic parameters among populations. To date, no study has evaluated these aspects of mandibular fractures in Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India. To retrospectively analyze the incidence, age and sex distributions, etiology, anatomic distribution, occlusal status, treatment modality provided, and their correlation in patients who suffered isolated mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: The records of maxillofacial injury patients who reported to the Department of Dentistry, SHKM Government Medical College from January 2013 to December 2019, were retrieved from our database, and necessary information was collected. The data collected were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS ver. 21. Results: Totals of 146 patients and 211 fractures were analyzed. There were 127 males and 19 females with an age range of 3-70 years (mean age, 26 years). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of fracture (64.4%), followed by fall (19.9%), assault (15.1%), and sports injury (0.7%). Of all patients, 42.5% had bilateral fractures, 31.5% had left side fracture, 21.2% had right side fracture, 3.4% sustained midline symphyseal fracture, and 1.4% had symphyseal fracture along one side of the mandible. Site distribution was as follows: parasymphysis (34.6%), angle (23.7%), condyle (20.4%), body (12.8%), symphysis (4.3%), ramus 2.4%, and dentoalveolar 1.9%. The most common facture combination was angle with parasymphysis (17.8%). Occlusion was disrupted in 69.2% patients. Closed reduction was the predominant treatment modality. Conclusion: The data obtained from retrospective analyses of maxillofacial trauma increase the understanding of variables and their outcomes among populations. The results of the present study are comparable to those of the literature in some aspects and different in others.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2012

Purpose: In general, the surgical treatment for mandibular retrognathism is represented by two methods, distraction osteogenesis (DO) and mandibular osteotomy surgery. The DO is mostly preferred when the degree of advancement of mandible is large. However, the postoperative stability of mandibular advancement using DO have not been actively investigated. Therefore, in the present study we have compared the postoperative stability between DO and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) in mandibular retrognathism. Methods: Seven patients who had been treated by DO and thirteen patients with BSSRO were included in this study. Serial lateral cephalograms were analyzed by manual tracing and the amount of the mandibular elongation was measured. To evaluate the postoperative stability, positional changes of the condylar position and B point were analyzed. Results: Mean amount of mandibular advancement was $6.51{\pm}3.57mm$ for BSSRO group and $12.43{\pm}4.35mm$ for DO group, respectively. There was no significant difference in age between the two groups (P>0.05). Mean follow up periods were 10.77 months for BSSRO group and 11.28 months for DO group, respectively. After mandibular advancement, mean positional changes in the condyle were $0.56{\pm}1.43mm$ horizontally and $0.72{\pm}1.61mm$ vertically for BSSRO group and $0.53{\pm}1.56mm$ horizontally and $0.56{\pm}1.75mm$ vertically for DO group, respectively. Mean change of distance from B point to Y-axis was $-1.76{\pm}0.83mm$ for BSSRO group and $-2.14{\pm}1.82mm$ for DO group, respectively. According to the condylar position and B point, there were no significant differences in postoperative stability between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in postoperative stability between DO and BSSRO group according to condylar position and B point. Based on the results of the present study, it is hypothesized that DO would be a good treatment choice for severe mandibular retrognathism because DO could achieve more mandibular advancement and concurrent soft tissue elongation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2013

Frey syndrome is a disease characterized by abnormal sweating, facial redness, and rare pain by stimulation of taste sense on the limited area dominated by the auriculotemporal nerve and great auricular nerve. Although the developmental mechanism and histopathologic cause of Frey syndrome are still being debated, the most reliable theory is based on injury of the parathympathetic nerve connected to the auriculotemporal nerve continuing to abnormal regeneration. The other theory is that the sweat glands develop an increased sensitivity after degeneration of sympathetic fibers. Therapy of Frey syndrome includes drugs, radiographic treatment, and surgical treatment; however, in most cases, treatment is not satisfactory. This is a case report on a 24-year-old male patient with Frey syndrome caused by the fracture reduction with retromandibular approach after multiple facial traumas and spontaneous healing without any special treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1989

This is a report of comparison of condyle fracture treatment by functional treatment and surgical treatment. In cases of functional therapy, mode of action of Activator that we used; By fulcrum of posterior teeth, the mandibular elevators of the opposite side cause the gap in the dental arches to be reduced, while the mandible performs a rotational movement about the fulcrum during which the fracture surface of the large fragment moves downward. Condylar fractures are often seen in association with fractures of other regions of the mandible. In our department, such cases were treated by miniplate and intramaxillary fixation. Surgical treatment of fractures of the mandible condylar were treated by intraoral approach. The result were drawn as follows : 1. Lateral displacement of condyle ; functional therapy with activator. 2. Compound fracture ; miniplate osteosynthesis and physiotherapy. 3. Anteriormedially displacement ; surgical treatment.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1980

Inclined plane, one of frequently used orthodontic appliances, may cause posterior displacement of mandible and injure the normal growth of temporomandibular joint. So author carried out the mandibular posterior displacement experimentally induced by inserting inclined plane in the rat incisors in order to investigate the histological reactions occuring in the temporomandibular joint of experimental animals. Following results were obtained. 1. The posterior displacement of condyle resulted in the widening of anterior synovial space with anterior condylar hyperplasia and posterior condylar atrophy. In addition, tissue changes were more severe in young rats than in adult rats. 2. The tissue reactions were localized only to condylar head ana there were no evidence of traumatic features in young rats. In adult rats, hemorrhage was an additional finding 1 week after experiment. 3. The remodelling processes were accompanied by the increasing or reduction of fibrous layer and subsequent replacement by cartilage layer occured massively and abruptly in young rats, it occured slightly and slowly in adult rats. 4. The remodelling process of injured condyle occured from 1 week to 4 weeks after experiment and completed between 8 weeks after experiment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Bony fusion between the mandibular condyle and skull base involves temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony ankylosis. This condition might originate from trauma, infection, or systemic disease. TMJ adhesion can develop after synovial damage. Both TMJ ankylosis and adhesion lead to functional impairment and pain. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old female who had bony ankylosis of the right TMJ and adhesion of the left TMJ. She had otitis media in the right ear. A large mass in the right TMJ was observed on computed tomograph. Magnetic resonance image showed a large fused bone mass with normal bone marrow in the right TMJ and flattening of the condyle with a thin disk in the left TMJ. Gap arthroplasty with temporal fascia was performed on the right TMJ, and discectomy, high condylectomy, and coronoidectomy were performed on the left TMJ. During a 2-year follow-up after surgery, the patient had no recurrence.

• 치과방사선
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1991

For the enhancement of a comprehension in temporomandibular joint radiographs, the author has compared and analysed the roentgenographic images of the temporomandibular joint of human dry skull which was taken by submentovertex projection, panoramic radiography, oblique lateral transcranial projection, corrected anterio-posterior tomogram and corrected lateral tomogram. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The submentovertex projection represented in detail the both poles and the posterior surface of the condylar head of the mandible. 2. The oblique lateral transcranial projection represented the articular space, the outer contour of the condylar head and the position of the condylar head within the mandibular fossa, but the relationship of the temporomandibular joint was not revealed accurate, because of the oblique direction of a central ray in taking radiographs. 3. The corrected antero-posterior tomogram was superior method in representation of roent- genographic images of the superior surface and the both poles of the condylar head and the corrected lateral tomogram was considered as the most accurate method among some radiographic techniques for the interpretation of articular space and condyle-fossa relationship. 4. It was possible to observe three-dimensionally the head of condyle with the combinated use of submentovertex projection, corrected antero-posterior tomogram and corrected lateral tomogram.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prove that orthognatic surgery on asymmetric prognathism patients improve the temporomandibular dysfunction. Materials and methods: All 30 patients underwent mandibular setback with B-SSRO including 22 patients Le Fort I surgery in KyungHee medical center. Preoperative and postoperative PA cephalograms & transcranial radiographs were measured midline deviation in Mx and Mn, occlusal canting change, condyle position, the temporomandibular dysfunction were checked before surgery, within 1 month after surgery, $3{\sim}6$ months, 12-24 months after surgery respectively. Results: The temporomandibular dysfunction were relieved after surgery in 17 patients of 25 patients. Conclusion: Orthognatic surgery may benefit the temporomandibular joint dysfunction in facial asymmetry patients by obtaining a postoperative stable occlusion and better physiologic neuromuscular function. Specially impovement of occlusal canting may reduce condyle displacement of midline deviation side and the temporomandibular joint dysfunction.