• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1995

In order to determine the quality of Citrus unshiu(medium cultivar of satsuma mandarin) produced in Cheju, citrus fruits sampled at sorting places and harvested directly on citrus tree in south and north area of Cheju were analyzed. The fruits were grown in size till early of November, and soluble solids were increased continuously after that. Compared with the quality of citrus fruits as a factor of soluble solids, firmness, total sugar, pH, and color index, the optimum harvest periods were supposed to be reasonable from early of December for C. unshiu Marc. var. yonezawa and C. unshiu Marc. var. hayashi, Fruit weights and peel thickness had a linear correlation with increasing fruit size, but soluble solids and acid contents had not a correlation. The selection of C. unshiu variety was needed to determine by the properties of storage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1998

조생온주의 적정 수확시기를 결정하기 위하여 선과장에서 수집한 시료와 감귤나무에서 시기별로 직접 수확한 시료의 이화학적 품질을 분석하였다. 궁천조생과 흥진조생 모두 10월 중순까지 감귤의 비대가 계속 일어났으며, 이후에도 당도는 계속하여 증가하였다. 나무에 달려 있는 위치에 따라서도 감귤의 크기가 다른 경향을 보였으며, 남쪽 방향의 중간 위치에 달려 있는 감귤이 품질면에서 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 감귤의 품질에 관여하는 가용성고형물, 경도, 총당, pH, 착색도 등을 종합적으로 볼 때 흥진조생의 경우 11월 하순에, 그리고 궁천조생의 경우 12월 초순에 수확하는 것이 품질면에서 좋을 것으로 보였다. 선과장에서 수집한 시료는 농가에서 관행수확시에 수확한 다음 상온저장 후에 시기별로 출하하기 때문에 정확한 수확시기를 결정하는데는 미흡한 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) harvested in middle of November according to production areas of Cheju were investigated. Peel thickness of citrus fruits was ranged from 2.54mm to 3.13mm, and it was lower on fruits harvested in western areas than those of other areas in Cheju. Soluble solids were ranged from 10.1 to 12.0$^{\circ}$Brix, and it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Acid contents of citrus juice were ranged from 1.28% to 1.42%, it was higher on fruits harvested in eastern areas, specific gravity of citrus fruits was ranged between 0.86 and 0.88. Flesh ratio was ranged from 75.1% to 77.6%, it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Soluble solids, acid content and specific gravity harvested in southern areas of below 100m and over 150m sea level altitude were 11.8 and 11.2, 1.43% and 1.40%, 0.87 and 0.9, respectively. Fruits quality harvested in southern areas was better, compared to other harvest areas of Cheju.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.339-341
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• 1998

제주산 감귤의 유통방법에 따른 선도 변화를 조사하고 저온유통의 효과를 검토하였다. 유통 중 성분변화는 상온(17$^{\circ}C$)유통이 저온(5$^{\circ}C$)유통에 비해서 중량감소는 6% 증가, vitamin C는 1.91mg 감소, 당산비는 20% 증가함을 보였다. 상온유통에서 중량감소로 인하여 당산비가 높아져서 (16.11에서 21.75) 감귤의 맛과 선도가 감소된다. 현행 감귤수송은 상온유통을 하고 있으나 고품질 감귤에는 부적합한 것으로 나타나며 고품질 소량생산 지향의 생산 체계에 저온유통체계를 도입하는 것이 상품성 향상에 중요 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of whole mandarin, peel, and pulp intake of Citrus unshiu Marc on the antioxidative capacity of 15-month-old rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 621.9 $\pm$ 10.1 g were separated into four groups according to body weight. The rats were raised with diets containing 5% (w/w) dried mandarin powder for four weeks. Three powders were used, consisting of mandarin peel, pulp, and the entire fruit. Total flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins and dietary fiber was highest in the mandarin peel powder, followed by the whole mandarin powder and the mandarin pulp. The body weight gains of the whole mandarin and mandarin pulp groups were higher, while that of the mandarin peel group was lower than that of the control group. Food intake and ratios of liver, kidney and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights to body weight were not significantly different among the groups, but ratios of EFP weights per body weight of the experimental groups tended to be lower than that of the control animals. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations decreased in all the mandarin groups compared to the control group. Plasma and liver xanthine oxidase (XO) activity decreased in all of the mandarin diet groups. Erythrocyte and liver SOD activity in all of experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group. Plasma vitamin A concentration increased significantly in all of the mandarin diet groups. That of the mandarin peel group was 4 times higher than that of the control group. Plasma total carotenoids and vitamin C level also increased in the mandarin peel group. Plasma vitamin I level was not significantly different among the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.610-616
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of whole mandarin, peel or pulp intake of Citrus unshiu Marc. on antioxidative capacity and oxidative DNA damage in fifteen-month aged rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats $(621.9\;{\pm}\;10.1\;g)$ were blocked into four groups according to their body weights as control group, whole mandarin powder group, mandarin peel powder group and mandarin pulp powder group. Rats were raised with diets containing 5% (w/w) freeze dried mandarin formulations for four weeks. Total polyphenol content and total antioxidant status (TAS) of mandarin formulations were highest in peel powder, followed by whole powder and then pulp powder. The 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations of kidney in all mandarin groups were significantly lower than that of control group, and that of mandarin peel group was much lower than whole powder and pulp groups. Plasma TAS levels of all the experimental groups were higher than that of control group, and among mandarin groups, peel group showed higher level than remaining two groups. In conclusion, all the mandarin formulations were effective on antioxidative capacity in fifteen-month aged rats, and the peel was most effective one among three formulations.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2015

The synthesis of chimeras is a breeding approach for horticultural crops. In our breeding program, a new diploid citrus chimera, named 'Hongrou Taoye' (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck + Citrus unshiu Marc.), was found arising at the junction where a 'Taoye' sweet orange (C. sinensis) scion was grafted onto Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu). As an artificial chimera, its fruit traits derived from the L1 cell layer, with juice color and carotenoid complement, in which ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin accumulated predominantly, similar to those of Satsuma mandarin. By contrast, traits originating from the L2/L3 cell layer, including pollen, seed, and rind aroma characteristics, were the same as those of 'Taoye' sweet orange (the scion). SSR and cpSSR analyses showed that both nuclear and chloroplast genomes of the chimera were a combination of both donor parents. 'Hongrou Taoye' thus combined the valuable traits of both donor plants, and therefore has good potential in citrus fresh market.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2000

Physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of Satsuma mandarin produced in Cheju were investigated . Fruit index(width/Length), soluble solids and acid content of Citrus unshiu marc. var. miyagawa(miyagawa) and C. unshiu marc. var.(okitsu) harvested at 1st December were 1.16 and 1.23, 12.12 and 12.01, 0.97 and 1.09, respectively. and the fruit of miyagawa was showed somewhat round in shape, compared to ikitsu. the taste of miyagawa seemed to be better than okitsu. However, compared to miyagawa, peel thickness was thinner, flesh ratio was higher, and firmness was higher as 0.502kg-force in kitsu. Nevertheless there were some differences among panelist groups in sensory evaluation , middle size of citrus fruits were favorable to most panelists, but except very small or very large size of fruits, there were not so much differences in okitsu. The panelists referred to somewhat flat-shaped fruits from that sensory evaluation score was increased to 1.3 in fruit index. nevertheless there were not so much differences in full-colored fruits, the citrus peel color of reddish yellow was more favorable than greenish or pale yellow color. the score was increased more linearly according to citrusfruit produced in optimum ciltivation area, and was prefered to thinner in peel thickness , Correlation between soluble solids, acid content , Brix/acid ratio and flesh ratio with sensory evaluation score were not showed significantly, it was different to with citrus juice. This data obtained in this experiments are supposed to be applied to the quality evaluation of Satsuma mandarin produced in Cheju .

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2008

A new early maturing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) 'Haryejosaeng' was developed as a nucellar seedling selection of 'Tachima Wase' (C. unshiu Marc.) that was crossed with C. natsudaidai Hayata at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju island in 1992. The 'Jegam ga No. 2', a first selection from the seedlings fruited in 2001 was finally named "Haryejosaeng" through field evaluation trials at three locations in Jeju island from 2003 to 2004. 'Haryejosaeng' produces seedless fruit maturing in early November, and has higher soluble solids and lower acidity than 'Miyagawa Wase', the leading early-maturing satsuma mandarin cultivar in Jeju island. Fruit weight is moderate at about 80~90 g and its shape is compressed-oblate globose with a light orange color. The rind thickness of about 2 mm provides easy peeling. The flesh shows light orange colored and contains 10 to 11 Brix and 1 to 1.1% acidity when mature. Tree shows vigorous growth and spreading thornless twigs. Alternate bearing is similar to 'Miyagawa Wase'. 'Haryejosaeng' is susceptible to citrus scab disease and melanose, but resistant to citrus canker.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

Quality characteristics of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.var.miyagawa) harvest on early December according to production areas and sea level altitude of Cheju were investigated. Soluble solids and flesh ratio were distributed 9.32∼12.50, 75.95%-81.3 in citrus fruits harvested in orchards located below 10m sea level altitude (lower area), and was 10.23-12.17 , 77.35%-80.29% on those over 150m sea level altitude )higher area), respectively. Acid content of citrus juice was 0.95%-1.26% in fruits harvested inlower area, and was 1.02%-1.39% in higher area. In proportion to late harvesting , Brix/acid ratio and fruits quality was improved. Soluble solids of fruits harvested in higher area were higher than those of fruits from higher area, but acid contents were on the contrary . In sensory evaluation on fruit appearance, the differences between two altitudes were not clear.