• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to : a) investigate actual time spent and expected labor time spent on management activities, and b) develop standardized indices of dietetic staffing needs in employee foodservice. A job analysis questionnaires were developed and mailed to 65 dietitians who were members of The Korean Dietetic Association Practice Group, members with management responsibilities in employee foodservices. Completed questionnaires were received from 32 dietitians for a response rate of 49%. The questionnaire contained two parts with a total of 99 statements. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS programs for descriptive analysis, wilcoxon signed ranks test, wilcoxon rank sum test, and pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The actual time spent on management activities by dietitians in employee foodservice was 69.80 hours and expected labor time spent was 61.81 hours. And they were significantly different (p<0.05). 2. ILO allowance rate( 11%) was applied: The standardized working hours per week of dietitians working in employee foodservice with manufacturing and industrial plants, and office building were 79.61 and 64.25 respectively ; Staffing need indices were 1.81 and 1.46 respectively on the base of 44 working hours. 3. The average standardized working hours per week was 68.61 hours and staffing need indices was 1.56

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2016

Companies are investing in CSR activities as a way to fulfill their societal obligations. It is expected that companies' CSR activities would be an effective investment to enhance corporate image, leading to consumers' purchase behavior. However, sometimes, CSR activities have a null or negative effect on the evaluation of company. The purpose of this research is to find ways to solve these problems and it reviews some research concerning donation and introduce these research into CSR. Specifically, this study examines the effect of CSR beneficiary appeals on the attractiveness of corporate identity and the mediating role of the inferred motives of CSR. The results show that consumers evaluate the corporate identity less attractive which employ the self-benefit CSR appeal. In addition, the findings also suggest that the effect of the CSR beneficiary appeal on the attractiveness of corporate identity is mediated by the inferred motives. These results suggest some managerial implications concerning communication guidelines of CSR. Specifically, companies need to communicate sincere motives of CSR rather than business.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.99-120
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• 2017

Recent studies shows that international entrepreneurship orientation is recognized as a very important tool for improving corporate performance in international business activities. However, these relationships show various research results. Therefore, it can be a very interesting research topic to examine whether these relationships are linear or non-linear when selected as a target in developing country like China. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the effects of international entrepreneurship orientation on the export performance is non-liner type in China's manufacturing firms. And investigated the moderating role of degree of internationalization and market dynamism relative to the relationship between the international entrepreneurial-orientation and the export performance. A total of 478 questionnaires were used for the hypothesis test. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, there is a J-shaped. relationship between international entrepreneurship orientation and export performance. Second, degree of Internationalization strengthened the reverse J-shaped relationship between international entrepreneurship orientation and export performance. Finally, degree of internationalization and market dynamics show that J-shaped relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance is strengthened. The results of the study's theoretical contribution and the managerial contribution is as followed. As a theoretical contribution, it is confirmed that international entrepreneurial orientation (J-shaped) and export performance form a non-linear relationship, and it is possible to make an empirical contribution that can newly approach the relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. The managerial contribution suggests that China's exporting companies have a higher degree of Internationalization in their international business activities and that the higher the dynamics of the overseas markets, the more advanced the international entrepreneurial behavior should be required to improve the export performance.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-70
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the factors(organization managerial factors, relational factors and personal factors) that affect the knowledge sharing intention of records management specialists. A total of 126 responses were used for the final analysis and the findings of this study are as follows: First, managers' interests and supports had a significant positive effect on tacit knowledge sharing intention, but evaluation and compensation system had a negative effect on tacit knowledge sharing intention. Second, job stress was found to have a significant positive effect on the intention of knowledge sharing(tacit, explicit). It is required to form an organizational culture where records management specialists can freely participate in knowledge sharing activities with the interest and support of managers. In addition, the process of continuously improving the causes of one of the causes of job stress, such as awareness improvement and deprivation, should be carried out through records management training for all employees. This study is meaningful in that it provides policy implications for promoting knowledge sharing as a solution to the managerial problems faced by records management specialists by utilizing the current staffing structure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to empirically examines the effects of corporate sustainable management activities(social activity, economic activity, environmental activity) on the innovation activities(managerial innovation, technical innovation) in the convergence era. To accomplish these purposes, their relationships were modeled based on the previous studies conducted in the various areas. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to the employees working at the small & medium size companies. The statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, multi regression analysis were used to evaluate the research model. The results of multi regression analysis show that all three aspects of corporate sustainable management activities have positively significant effects on the two factors of innovation. That is, if each activities of sustainable management works properly, it leads to create innovation. In addition, enterprises are needed to develop training programs or action planning that make the employees understands sustainable management well. Thus, the advanced level of corporate sustainability is expected if various sustainable management activities are performed in harmony with their innovation activities.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically investigates the effects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on the economic activities of private actors in recipient countries. As a proxy for the economic activities of private actors, we utilize the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. The foreign subsidiaries provide a foundation for economic development by creating paying jobs. That is, if ODA has been successfully transferred to foreign subsidiaries, then these foreign subsidiaries should help economic growth and help create a boom in the local market by providing jobs. These jobs eventually lead to the achievement of the primary aims of foreign aid, including poverty reduction. Thus, this study empirically examines the relationship between ODA and the number of jobs created by foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. Design/methodology - This is the first study to examine the effects of the ODA on the job creation of foreign subsidiaries because it has been hard to obtain internal information related to the employment status of foreign subsidiaries. Fortunately, we have a unique panel dataset provided by the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) for 2006 to 2013. In terms of the empirical specification, we use the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The panel GLS estimator allows us to have an efficient estimation that overcomes the limitations of the panel data. It employs assumptions about the heteroscedasticity between the panels and makes an autocorrelation of the error term within each panel. Findings - We find that ODA influences job creation in foreign subsidiaries. In particular, we found that ODA creates more jobs in sales than in managerial or production positions. This study also shows that the effect of the ODA on the foreign subsidiaries' job creation activities depend on the purpose of the ODA. By examining ODA effects on the foreign subsidiaries' economic activities (e.g., job creation), this study fills a gap in the current literature. Originality/value - Existing studies that focus on the ODA effect have either a macroeconomic point or a microeconomic point of view. However, both approaches do not explain how well foreign aid has influenced private economic actors of recipient countries. In essence, previous researchers found it difficult to obtain the necessary data for internal employment status from foreign subsidiaries. However, thanks to the Korea Export-Import Bank, this study shows that ODA indeed influences the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries even after controlling for other factors such as FDI, GDP growth rate, employment rate, household expenditure, mother firms' share, etc. By doing so, we can examine how ODA influences the job creation of foreign subsidiaries, which might help economic development and reduce the amount of poverty in recipient countries.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.259-271
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• 2012

As the society's expectations of business have drastically amplified in recent years, an increasing number of companies have devoted their resources and managerial attention to corporate social responsibility. However, little information bas been reported on consumers' expectations on social responsibility of restaurant companies. This research studied the consumer's perception on the socially responsible business practices of restaurant companies. The research also investigated if the customer's expectations differ based on the types of restaurants. Overall, it was found that the consumers strongly feel the necessities of restaurants' socially responsible activities and publicity of those activities (4.08 and 4.05, respectively, out of 5). They also responded that the socially responsible behaviors of restaurants somewhat affect their purchase decisions (3.74 out of 5). As a result of a principle component analysis, five types of socially responsible activities(i.e., philanthropic responsibility, economic responsibility, community responsibility, environmental protection responsibility, and consumer protection responsibility) were extracted. In addition, the results showed that the consumer's expectations toward socially responsible activities of restaurants differ based on the types of restaurants (multivariate F=4.616, p=0.000).

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-212
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to raise the necessity of an alternative awareness toward economic activities as the work form of social participation by the elderly and their corresponding educational tasks. For this aim, the concept of Japan's 'rewarding work participation' and its practical cases have been examined. As a study method, the characteristics of Japan's state and local government elderly policy projects have been examined through literature research. Next, the cases of the elderly having established an autonomous company and practiced Ogawanosho Oyakimura were researched based on on-site visits and interviews. As this study has suggested that the economic activities of the elderly have to be carried out from the perspective of successful aging and these activities have been conducted through 'rewarding work participation', the following features have been clarified. First, a converted image of the elderly is necessary. The elderly do have the experiences worthy of social utilization. Second, the educational and managerial policies which turn the elderly's experiences into social values are necessary. Third, a flexible awareness toward the corresponding works of the elderly is needed. In other words, the works which have reflected mentally solitary tendency and social discontinuity features of the elderly and taken into account the demands of the elderly generation who desire to become an influential and meaningful existence are necessary. Thus, future elderly education need to come up with the policies and practices toward work education from the viewpoint of rewarding work participation.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2015

Recently, interest in research and development (R&D) investment decisions have increased among Korean domestic enterprises. However, existing R&D investment studies only focused on government R&D investment policies while only a few studies investigated firm level R&D investment. Prior literatures also overlooked the feedback loop between R&D investment and firm performance. Therefore, this paper identifies a system dynamics model for R&D investment decision making in domestic electronics firms. The conceptual model is derived from R&D investment-related theories found in bodies of literature on company performance, enterprise activity, and market maturity. This study investigates the dynamic feedback between R&D activities and sales using the system dynamics model. In other words, the system dynamics model is used to explain the change in the closed feedback circulation structure in R&D investment activities including technology development, production process, and marketing that subsequently result in sales increase and re-investment into R&D from the generated revenues. There are two major results. First, a similar ratio of investment on technology development and production process derives the higher company sales. Second, regardless of market maturity, marketing investment ratio positively affects sales and R&D budget growth. This study provides a system dynamics model to find the optimal ratio for R&D investment and suggests managerial strategic implications on electronic firm R&D investment decision making under market maturity condition.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 1996

Contract Managed foodservice has been expanded rapidly in university foodservice operations. The purposes of this study were to examine customers and administrators' preference concerning operation format, the decision making components for operation format, and administrators' attitudes concerning contract managed and self-operated foodservice. Two types of questionnaires were developed and implemented. Customer and administrator's questionnaires were distributed to 900 university students and 27 administrators respectively, and 831 customers and 24 administrators were responded with a response rate of 92.3% and 88.8% respectively. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, ANOVA, and T-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. In deciding foodservice operation format, the components customers considered were the ability to provide variety of meal items, aesthetic and safe food(62.6%), the ability to provide a food with competetive low price(22.1%), and the ability to provide adequate service and nutrition information. On the contrary, the components administrators considered were the ability to provide variety of meal items, aesthetic and safe food(66.7%), the ability to relieve administrators of managerial burden of the foodservice operation(12.5%), and the ability to invest facility(8.3%). 2. The average score of attitude on contracted and self-operated management activities were 3.41, 3.10 respectively. University administrators evaluated that contractors performed financial management activities more effectively. 3. University administrators with contracted or self-operated foodservice favored their own current operation format.