• Title/Summary/Keyword: management plan

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Current and Future Operation of Menu Management in the School Foodservices of Chungbuk (1) - Menu Planning - (충북지역 학교급식 영양(교)사의 식단관리 운영실태 및 개선방안(1) - 식단계획 -)

  • Ahn, Yoon-Ju;Lee, Young-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.1118-1133
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    • 2012
  • This research aimed to suggest an efficient improvement plan for school food services by investigating the operating situation and recognition of menu management in school food services for school food service dietitians (and nutrition teachers) in Chungbuk. A total of 328 questionnaires were distributed to school food service dietitians (and nutrition teachers) in Chungbuk by e-mail in September, 2010. A total of 265 questionnaires (80.8%) were used for the analysis. The highest allocation of nutrients and calories per day in school food services was 1:1.5:1.5 (breakfast : lunch : dinner) (38.5%). The reasoning for applying a flexible allocation of nutrients and calories per day was 'considering the ratio of students who do not eat breakfast' (59.2%). And the way to apply the flexible allocation for nutrients and calories per day was 'by agreement from the school operating committee in arbitrary data without situation surveys' (86 respondents, 49.4%), and 'by agreement from the school operating committee in analysis data through situation surveys' (80 respondents, 46.0%). The operational method of standardized recipes was 'cooking management site of national education information systems' (87.5%) and the items included in standardized recipes were menu name, food material name, portion size, cooking method, nutrition analysis, and critical control point in HACCP. The main reason for not utilizing all items of a cooking management site of the national education information system was 'no big trouble in menu management even though it is used partly (29.1%). In addition, the highest use of standardized recipe was for 'maintaining consistency of food production quantity' (74.0%).

Division of Soil Properties in Reclaimed Land of the Mangyeong and Dongjin River Basin and Their Agricultural Engineering Management (만경강과 동진강 유역 간척농경지 토양특성 구분과 농공학적 관리 대책)

  • Hwang, Seon-Woong;Kang, Jong-Gook;Lee, Kyung-Do;Lee, Kyung-Bo;Park, Ki-Hun;Chung, Doug-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.444-450
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    • 2012
  • The physical and chemical properties of soil in the Mangyeong and Dongjin river basin had been investigated in order to establish the most optimum soil improvement plan on the reclaimed land. The total soil area by reclamation in Saemangeum basin is 113,971 ha. The classification by the distribution of soil series and soil texture is as following. 13 soil series including Chonnam, Buyong and Chonbuk series are period-unknown areas. Regarding the soil texture, they are fine silty ~ clayey very fine. From 1920s to 1960s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal and Chonbuk series had coarse silty textured soil. After the 1970s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal, Munpo, Yeompo, Poseung, Gapo and Hasa series have more sandy soil ~ moderately coarse loamy textured soil. Regarding the chemical properties, the concentrations of EC, Exch. $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and pH are high regardless of the time of reclamation. On the other hand, organic matter (OM) of top soil were 3.3~16.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The organic matter contents were very low though the soil had been farmed for a long time. Furthermore, the deep soil had almost no organic matter with 5.6~1.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The reason is believed that there had not been any movement of OM and clay because pressure or induced pans had been formed by large agricultural machineries and poor vertical drain. Regarding the forming of illuvial horizon (B layer) which tells the development extent of soil, only in the Hwapo reclaimed area where rice had been cultivated for past 90 years, Fe and Mn from top soil are deposited at underground 20~30 cm with 7~8 cm thickness by the movement of clay. It is believed that it had been possible because the earthiness is silty clay loam soil with relatively high content of clay. The soils are soil with concern of damage from sea water, soil on flimsy ground and sandy soil. Therefore, soil improvement for stable crop production can be expected; if the water table would be lowered by subsurface drainage, the water permeability would be enhanced by gypsum and organic matter, and the sandy soil would be replaced by red soil with high content of clay.

The Study on Evaluating the Policy Value of Public Projects for Housing Welfare - Focused on the Remodeling Projects for Long Term Rental Housing - (장기공공임대주택의 리모델링을 통한 주거복지 정책사업의 가치평가에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Yongkyung;Lee, Sangyoub
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.82-93
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    • 2014
  • Long Term rental housing, which is supplied for performing housing welfare, has been aging from permanent rental housing. Therefore, variety housing welfare projects are planing and performing for improving aged facilities. However, although every welfare policy are necessary, we have to efficiently allocate and commit the funds, because the fund and resources is limited. And there is required the feasibility study before performing public project for housing welfare, because it needs large amount of financial supports by government. Meanwhile, because most of existed studies are focused on guide development, it has limitation to apply the result of existed studies in this study, which considers public remodeling project for housing welfare. But in reality, public project is been decided by willing of policy decision-maker. Therefore, in this study, we suggest the evaluation method of policy value for two alternatives(remodeling and maintain) of a aged long term rental housing. To extract the attributes of policy value, we considered categorized items of preliminary feasibility study. Through extracting attribute factors of policy value for aged long term rental housing, we can calculate the policy value of remodeling and maintain alternatives by using MAUT. As a result of analysis, we can find that the utility value of remodeling is 0.6161 and the utility value of maintain is 0.2461 and also the utility of remodeling is higher than utility of maintain. Therefore, when we plan the public projects for performing housing welfare, we can choose remodeling alternative rather than maintain alternative using quantitive data.

Reproducibility Evaluation of Deep inspiration breath-hold(DIBH) technique by respiration data and heart position analysis during radiation therapy for Left Breast cancer patients (좌측 유방암 환자의 방사선치료 중 환자의 호흡과 심장 위치 분석을 통한 Deep inspiration breath-hold(DIBH) 기법의 재현성 평가)

  • Jo, Jae Young;Bae, Sun Myung;Yoon, In Ha;Lee, Ho Yeon;Kang, Tae Young;Baek, Geum Mun;Bae, Jae Beom
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.297-303
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is reproducibility evaluation of deep inspiration breath-hold(DIBH) technique by respiration data and heart position analysis in radiation therapy for Left Breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods : Free breathing(FB) Computed Tomography(CT) images and DIBH CT images of three left breast cancer patients were used to evaluate the heart volume and dose during treatment planing system( Eclipse version 10.0, Varian, USA ). The signal of RPM (Real-time Position Management) Respiratory Gating System (version 1.7.5, Varian, USA) was used to evaluate respiration stability of DIBH during breast radiation therapy. The images for measurement of heart position were acquired by the Electronic portal imaging device(EPID) cine acquisition mode. The distance of heart at the three measuring points(A, B, C) on each image was measured by Offline Review (ARIA 10, Varian, USA). Results : Significant differences were found between the FB and DIBH plans for mean heart dose (6.82 vs. 1.91 Gy), heart $V_{30}$ (68.57 vs. $8.26cm^3$), $V_{20}$ (76.43 vs. $11.34cm^3$). The standard deviation of DIBH signal of each patient was ${\pm}0.07cm$, ${\pm}0.04cm$, ${\pm}0.13cm$, respectively. The Maximum and Minimum heart distance on EPID images were measured as 0.32 cm and 0.00 cm. Conclusion : Consequently, using the DIBH technique with radiation therapy for left breast cancer patients is very useful to establish the treatment plan and to reduce the heart dose. In addition, it is beneficial to using the Cine acquisition mode of EPID for the reproducibility evaluation of DIBH.

The Present State and Solutions for Archival Arrangement and Description of National Archives & Records Service of Korea (국가기록원의 기록물 정리기술의 현황과 개선방안)

  • Yoon, Ju-Bom
    • Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.118-162
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    • 2004
  • Archival description in archives has an important role in document control and reference service. Archives has made an effort to do archival description. But we have some differences and problems about a theory and practical processes comparing with advanced countries. The serious difference in a theory is that a function classification, maintenance of an original order, arrangement of multi-level description are not reflected in practical process. they are arranged in shelves after they are arranged by registration order in a unit of a volume like an arrangement of book. In addition, there are problems in history of agency change or control of index. So these can cause inconvenience for users. For improving, in this study we introduced the meaning and importance of arrangement of description, the situation and problem of arrangement of description in The National Archives, and a description guideline in other foreign countries. The next is an example for ISAD(G). This paper has chapter 8, the chapter 1 is introduction, the chapter 2 is the meaning and importance of arrangement of description, excluding the chapter 8 is conclusion we can say like this from the chapter 3 to the chapter 7. In the chapter 3, we explain GOVT we are using now and description element category in situation and problem of arrangement of description in Archives. In the chapter 4, this is about guideline from Archives in U.S.A, England and Australia. 1. Lifecycle Date Requirement Guide from NARA is introduced and of the description field, the way of the description about just one title element is introduced. 2. This is about the guideline of the description from Public Record Office. That name is National Archives Cataloguing Guidelines Introduction. We are saying "PROCAT" from this guideline and the seven procedure of description. 3. This is about Commomon Record Series from National Archives of Australia. we studied Registration & description procedures for CRS system. In the chapter 5, This is about the example which applied ISAD to. Archives introduce description of documents produced from Appeals Commission in the Ministry of Government Administration. In the chapter 6, 7. These are about the problems we pointed after using ISAD, naming for the document at procedure section in every institution, the lack of description fields category, the sort or classification of the kind or form, the reference or identified number, the absence description rule about the details, function classification, multi-level description, input format, arrangement of book shelf, authority control. The plan for improving are that problems. The best way for arrangement and description in Archives is to examine the standard, guideline, manual from archives in the advanced countries. So we suggested we need many research and study about this in the academic field.

Managerial Implication of Trails in the Teabaeksan National Park Derived from the Analysis of Visitors Behaviors Using Automatic Visitor Counter Data (탐방객 자동 계수기 데이터를 활용한 태백산국립공원 탐방로 탐방 행태 분석 및 관리 방안 제언)

  • Sung, Chan Yong;Cho, Woo;Kim, Jong-Sub
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.446-453
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    • 2020
  • This study built a model to predict the daily number of visitors to 18 trails in the Taebaeksan National Park using the auto-counter system data to analyze the factors affecting the daily number of visitors to each trail and classified the trails by visitors' behaviors. Results of the multiple regression models with the daily number of visitors of the 18 trails indicated that the events, such as the National Foundation Day celebration of Snow Festival, affected the number of visitors of all of the 18 trails and were the most critical factor that determined the daily number of visitors to the Taebaeksan National Park. The long-holidays of three days or longer and other national holidays also affected the daily number of visitors to the trails. Precipitation had a negative impact on the number of visitors of trails where the intention of most visitors was for sightseeing or camping instead of hiking, whereas had no significant impacts on the number of visitors of trails where many visitors intended for hiking. It indicated that visitors who intended for hiking went ahead hiking even if the weather was poor. The effects of temperature had a positive effect on the number of visitors who intended for hiking but a negative effect on the number of visitor to the trails near Danggol Plaza where the Snow Festival was held in each winter, suggesting that the impact of the Snow Festival was the deterministic factor for trail management. Results of K-mean clustering showed that the 18 trails of the Taekbaeksan National Park could be classified into three types: those affected by the Snow Festival (type 1), those that have sightseeing points and so were visited mostly by non-hikers (type 2), and those visited mostly by hikers (type 3). Since visitor behaviors and illegal actions differ according to the trail type, this study's results can be used to prepare a trail management plan based on the trail characteristics.

A Study on Outplacement Countermeasure and Retention Level Examination Analysis about Outplacement Competency of Special Security Government Official (특정직 경호공무원의 전직역량에 대한 보유수준 분석 및 전직지원방안 연구)

  • Kim, Beom-Seok
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.33
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    • pp.51-80
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    • 2012
  • This study is to summarize main contents which was mentioned by Beomseok Kim' doctoral dissertation. The purpose of this study focuses on presenting the outplacement countermeasure and retention level examination analysis about outplacement competency of special security government official through implement of questionnaire method. The questionnaire for retention level examination including four groups of outplacement competency and twenty subcategories was implemented in the object of six hundered persons relevant to outplacement more than forty age and five grade administration official of special security government officials, who have outplacement experiences as outplacement successors, outplacement losers, and outplacement expectants, in order to achieve this research purpose effectively. The questionnaire examination items are four groups of outplacement competency and twenty subcategories which are the group of knowledge competency & four subcategories including expert knowledge, outplacement knowledge, self comprehension, and organization comprehension, the group of skill competency & nine subcategories including job skill competency, job performance skill, problem-solving skill, reforming skill, communication skill, organization management skill, crisis management skill, career development skill, and human network application skill, the group of attitude-emotion competency & seven subcategories including positive attitude, active attitude, responsibility, professionalism, devoting-sacrificing attitude, affinity, and self-controlling ability, and the group of value-ethics competency & two subcategories including ethical consciousness and morality. The respondents highly regard twenty-two outplacement competency and they consider themselves well-qualified for the subcategories valued over 4.0 such as the professional knowledge, active attitude, responsibility, ethics and morality while they mark the other subcategories below average still need to be improved. Thus, the following is suggestions for successful outplacement. First, individual effort is essential to strengthen their capabilities based on accurate self evaluation, for which the awareness and concept need to be redefined to help them face up to the reality by readjusting career goal to a realistic level. Second, active career development plan to improve shortcoming in terms of outplacement competency is required. Third, it is necessary to establish the infrastructure related to outplacement training such as ON-OFF Line training system and facilities for learning to reinforce user-oriented outplacement training as a regular training course before during after the retirement.

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A Study on Health of High School Students (남(男)·여(女) 고등학생(高等學生)들의 건강(健康)에 관(關)한 연구 - 일부 청소년들의 건강상태와 건강행위를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Hak-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.89-100
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    • 1993
  • This study intended to examine closely the reasons which influence the health status and to health behavior of teenagers and plan the development of the school health education. The subject of this study was the boys, and girls' high school students in Chonguy city. The number of them was totally 632 and the period was from July 9 to 14, 1990. 1. The Health Status of Teenagers. I have examined closely the health status of teenagers. They answered they continued to go to school. ever though the majority of teenagers had troubles in their sleeping and felt sick As for one's health, most of teenagers were in a good condition and were sometimes worrying about their health condition. 2. The Degree of Interest and Responsibilities of Teenagers for Their Own Health. In the responsibility of teenagers for their own health the answer, 'my health depends on my taking care of it', had the highest grade, 4.67. And the answer, 'I am in a good health condition because I have taken of my health very well', had the lowest average, 4.1. In the degree of interest of teenagers for their own health, the problem of studying had the highest degree, 4.48 and the use of drugs, the smoking behavior, masturbation, the drinking behavior and the birth control were the lowest degree. 3. The Health Behavior of Teenagers. In this part, teenagers performed about 64 percent's health behavior on the point of 3.37. 4. The Comparison of the Health Behavior, the Health Responsibility and the Health Interest of the Subject According to the General Characteristics. The results were as follows: 1) There are significantly different in the health behavior according to sex (t=6.23, p<.001), smoking experience (t=5.33, p<.001), living place (t=5.09, p<.001), ranking of brothers (F=4.19, p<.01), economic situation(F=6.57, p<.001). 2) There is significantly different in the health responsibility according to sex(t=2.31, p<.05), experiencd by disease(t= 1.92, p<.05). 3) There are significantly different in the health interest according to the chronic disease experience of family (t=3.29, p<.001), smoking experience(t=2.71, p<.01). 5. The Correlation of the Health Behavior, the Health Responsibility, the Health Interest and the Health Locus of Control of the Subject. The health behavior showed the positive correlation with the health responsibility (r=.2906, p<.001), and the health responsibility showed the positive correlation with the health interest (r=.0938, p<.01). Also the health behavior showed the positive correlation with powerful others health locus of control (r=.2606, p<.001), and internal health locus of control (r=.2023, p<.001), the health responsibility showed the positive correlation with internal health locus of control (r=.4541, p<.001), and chance health locus of control(r=.1352, p<.001), and the health interest showed the positive correlation with internal health locus of ccntrol (r=.0920, p<.001), powerful others health iocus of control (r=.1907, p<.001 chance health locus of control (r=.1191, p<.01). On the basis of the above result, we can find the fact that the interest of teenagers for their own health is increasing. And so, it is necessary for the school health management to establish the new curriculum which strengthens the health education for the planning of one's desirable health management. Besides we need efforts to develop the standard scale through the analysis of all reasons which influences the tenagers' health status and health behavior.

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Sustainable Development and Sustainability Marketing - Integration of customer and socio-ecological aspect in Marketing concept - (글로벌 기업 환경 변화의 새로운 패러다임으로서 지속가능한 발전과 마케팅 - 지속가능마케팅의 의사결정 지향적 컨셉 -)

  • Nam, Sang-Min;Kim, Jong-Ho;Noh, Jung-Koo
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.83-108
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    • 2007
  • Since the 1992 UN Conference for Environment and Development held in Rio de Jaineiro, Sustainable Development has become the global thesis. More than 170 countries signed the Agenda 21 for the sustainable action plan, and adopted the sustainability concept as the key concept of dealing with the environmental, social, ethical, and economic problem. Sustainability is one of the main marketing challenges in the 21st century. By integrating social and ecological criteria, marketing may can make valuable contributions to sustainable development. Regarding the sustainability marketing, it is difficult to find the domestic marketing research on the thesis of sustainable development, and this is the definite evidence that the Korean marketing researchers do not realize the importance of the thesis of sustainable development which is internationally suggested as the new paradigm of change. The purpose of this study is to build the conceptual background and explore the research direction in order to introduce and adopt the concept of sustainable development in the domestic marketing research field. The present paper proposes a comprehensive conception of sustainability marketing, defined by six step: analysis of social-ecological problems; analysis of consumer behavior; normative sustainability marketing; strategic sustainability marketing; instrumental sustainability marketing; and transformative sustainability marketing. The aim of the paper are to clarify the concept of sustainability marketing. To accomplish this research purpose we discuss the sustainable development which is the conceptual background of sustainability marketing, analyze the characteristics of the sustainability marketing, and finally summarize the research results and present the suggestions for further research. Sustainability marketing embraces the idea of sustainable development, a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Sustainability Marketing goes beyond conventional marketing thinking. If marketing is about satisfying customer needs and building profitable relationships with customers, sustainability marketing may be defined as building and maintaining sustainable relationships with customers, the social environment and natural environment. By creating social and environmental value, sustainability marketing tries to deliver and increase customer value. Sustainability Marketing aims at creating customer value, social value and environmental value. Sustainability marketing integrates social and ecological criteria into the whole process of marketing, and can be differentiated in six steps: (1) Analysis of the social and ecological problems, generally and specifically with respect to products which satisfy customer needs and wants; (2) Analysis of customer behavior with special aspect to social and ecological concerns; (3) Corporate commitments to sustainable development in the mission statement, development of sustainability visions, formulation of sustainable principles and guideline, setting of socio-ecological marketing objectives and goals (normative aspects of sustainability marketing); (4) Sustainability segmentation, targeting and positioning, and timing of market entry(strategic aspects of sustainability marketing); (5)Integration of social and ecological criteria into the marketing-mix, i.e. products, services and brands, pricing, distribution and communication(instrumental aspects of sustainability marketing); (6) Participation in public and political change processes, which transform existing institutions towards sustainability(transformative aspects of sustainability marketing). The first two steps begin with an analysis of the company situation. In sustainability marketing it is crucial not just to know consumer needs and wants, but also to find out about the ecological and social problems of products along their whole life cycle. The intersection of socio-ecological problems and consumer wants sets the ground for sustainability marketing. Step three to five describe the implementation of sustainability marketing. Social and ecological criteria are fully integrated into the mission statement, strategies and marketing-mix. Step six is one of the specifics of sustainability marketing. It is about the commitment of company to sustainable development and their active participation in public and political processes in order to change the existing framework in favor of sustainability.

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The Fashion Professionals Required by the Ladies Apparel Manufacturers in Daegu (대구지역 숙녀복업계 기업주가 요구하는 패션전문인)

  • 김효은
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.111-130
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    • 2002
  • This study performed a structural questionnaire survey and non-structural interview of the ladies apparel manufacturers in Daegu on the qualification for the employees, skills required for job performance, job training, automatic manufacturing systems, and the use of computer. The results are as follows. 1. Almost all of the apparel manufacturing systems were Pair System, except one Line System in one company. In terms of outsourcing, most of the manufacturers answered “yes,” and in 1998 the outsourcing process was sewing, but in the year 2002, outsourcing has been increased :12 manufacturers(57.1%) outsourcing most of the processes except patterning, 3(14.3%) outsourcing the finish of sewing. 2. The workforce of 1998 and that of 2002 shows a significant difference(P<. 01) between office work and management. The number of office workers has decreased from 15 down to 5.3 people. On the other hand, that of the management has slightly increased from 5.3 to 9.2 people. The number of the manual workers has decreased from 32.2 to 28.7 people. And the number of tailoring and patterning workers has slightly decreased, but the number has increased in sewing from 3.7 to 7.0 people. 3. The wage of an employee shows a significant difference between a sewing assistant(P<. 01) and a production manager(P<. 05), and the wage of a sewing assistant, in particular, has slightly raised from ₩905,000 to ₩1,054,000. 4. The qualifications required of employees are “cooperative human relations”(30.8%), “diligence,” and “ability for job analysis”(26.9%), and “positive thinking” (15.4%) in 1998, and “ability for job analysis”(38.5%), “cooperative human relations”(34.6%), and “positive thinking” (15.4%) in 2002. The areas for job openings are significantly different(P<. 01) depending on the year. Job openings in the design section has increased from 1(3.8%) to 16 manufacturers (61.5%), and decreased in tailoring section from 22(84.6%) to 2 manufacturers(7.7%). Job openings in the sewing section have increased form 2(7.7%) to 6 manufacturers (23.1%). In terms of sex of the employees, there is a significant difference(P<. 001). 19 companies(73.1%) wanted “male” in 1998, but 8 companies(30.8%) answered that they want “female” and 17 companies(65.4%) answered that “it does not matter.” About the educational background, there was a significant difference between the years. The number of the companies that want junior college graduates with an associate degree has increased(15 companies(57.7%). There was a significant difference(P<. 05) in major of the employee. The number of the companies that want fashion majors has increased from 5(19.2%) to 20(76.9%). 5. In terms of job skills required, there was no significant difference. In 1998, “production skills” (46.2%) and “ability for job analysis” (26.9%) were required, and in 2002, “ability for job analysis” (42.3%) and “emotional skills” (26.9%). 6. In regard to training for job skills, “fashion professional training” has slightly decreased from 65.4% in 1998 to 46.2% in 2002, however, “training for job analysis” has slightly increased from 30.8% in 1998 to 46.2% in 2002, which indicates the fact that “fashion professional training” and “ability for job analysis” have been emphasized. 7. The number of the manufacturers purchased apparel CAD has increased from 1(3.8%) to 3(11.5%), and the number of the manufacturers that have no plan for purchase has increased from 16(61.5%) in 1998 to 15(57.7%), still taking up a big proportion. 8. About the use of computers in manufacturing, there is a significant difference(P<. 05). The number of the manufacturers using computer has increased from 5(19.2%) to 15(57.7%) and that of the manufacturers which do not use computers has decreased from 17(57.7%) to 8(30.8%). 9. In the interviews with the owners of the manufacturers, they pointed that schools should give more weight on practical training courses, the invitation of experts in the specific field, complex production systems, training courses for sewing, field trip courses, and furthering specialty education, personality and vocational education.

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