• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2003

The operation of a five day workweek seems to be increased continuously, Many city-workers will make good use of their spare time and search after a lot of devices that can seek for the maximum value of leisure utility. The demand of potential customers that want to enjoy weekend in farming villages is coming out greatly. That is, the condition of users that will travel the farming villages is getting better. But the actual states of farming villages are not ready in many parts yet. Therefore we must activate the tourist attraction in farming villages that can be satisfied the city-workers' expectation. And after making the sightseeing environment infrastructure, we must develop the programs intimate with environment, improve the sightseeing agricultural management and consolidate various systems as soon as possible. So in this study, after investigating the demand preference degree of city-workers, I tried to grope an activation plan with the base which will reach. Being more urgent what more, not the simple sightseeing agriculture that the farming experience was the focus of, but it is very important to develop the program of environment sightseeing agriculture. It will lay the stress on playing and education culture which city-workers can enjoy and experience. And with constructing the base facility like a city form, we must develop cheap and various goods and the execution of modernized weekend farms. For this, first the consciousness conversion against the customer management of farmers must precede and the change of government policy and the support polity is important. I hope that this study with the five-day workweek has the chance to contribute in the economic growth of farming villages and efficient use and management of the natural environment resources through the activation of sightseeing agriculture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.13-36
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• 1997

This study aims to point out the basic strategy of agrotechnical and -political approaches toward successful settling for the environmental agriculture system in Korea. Although environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program were released in 1996, some scientist from environmental agriculture and organic agriculture still argue on the errors of it's strategy and action program in terms of environmental sound functions. Especially it's strategy and action program of government did not focus the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to realize an environmental sound agriculture system. And korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute, because 1) they do not practice of Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex draft, and 2) organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects of organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and avoidance of agricultural chemicals. In the paper it is discussed the necessity, purpose, effect and consequence of basic standard for korean organic agriculture. The reformation of the certification system and t he direct payment system in environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program by government, and on the need of the teaching program and curriculum in high education institution, the breeding program of resistant cultivars, the soil testing for optimum fertilization strategy, the nutrient management program, the declaration for 2020 environemntal agriculture are also discussed.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2009

The decrease in the farming rates of agricultural produce importing countries has led to concerns over stable food supply and food safety and this situation demands a change in awareness on agricultural problems arising from the depletion of natural resources and environmental destruction. To preserve agriculture, importing countries are emphasizing the various roles of agriculture in order to revive its multi-functional aspects. It is obvious that differentiated strategies are needed to create values from agricultural production, and a liberal arts education can play an important role in making these strategies. However, training programs for future agricultural CEOs of the Korea National Agricultural College(KNAC) attaches too much importance on production skill and management rather than focusing on a liberal arts education. On the other hand, Poolmoo Ecological Agriculture Course carried out by Poolmoo Agriculture Technical High School located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province (which puts a high value on ecological fanning) gives more weight on a liberal arts education, taking up more than 50% of the curriculum. Also, the National Farmers Academy in Japan which reformed its whole system in 2008, has started various liberal arts educational programs. The Academy fosters creative agricultural management, attractive rural development enhancing a comfortable rural life and educates on the future of Japanese food and international environment. It is expected that the ecological and cultural roles of farming will grow in the future. So, what the KNAC needs is to increase its liberal arts educational programs and various cultural experiences in its educational curriculum to promote agricultural marketing with cultural knowledge and sensitivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30, 45 minutes to determine the optimal heating conditions of time and temperature to increase nutritional value. Ruminant degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) of WFB were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of crude protein (CP) were soluble (washable) fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T0), potentially degradable fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass crude protein (%BCP) and bypass crude protein (BCP in g/kg) were calculated. Degradability of CP was reduced by dry roasting (p < 0.01). S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature, from 49.0% in the raw WFB (RWFB) to 26.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45$ min. D varied from 50.7% in RWFB to 73.7% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$. U varied from 0% in $130^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, $150^{\circ}/30^{\prime}$ and $150^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ to 0.66% in $110^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ (0.24% for the RWFB). Lag time (T0) varied from 1.58 h in $130^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 2.40 h in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (1.87 h for RWFB). Kd varied from 24.2% in the $110^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 4.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (21.4% for the RWFB). Kd was significantly reduced with time and temperature. All these effects resulted in increasing % BCP from 8.9% in the $110^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, 11.3% in the RWFB to 43.1% in the $150^{\circ}C/45$. Therefore BCP increased from 31.3 and 39.9 to 148.4 g/kg respectively. Both %BCP and BCP at $150^{\circ}C/45$ increased nearly 4 times over the raw faba beans. The effects of dry roasting temperature and time on %BCP and BCP seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal dry roasting conditions of time and temperature could be determined at this stage. It was concluded that dry roasting was effective in shifting crude protein degradation from rumen to intestine to reduce unnecessary nitrogen (N) loss in the rumen. To determine the optimal treatment, the digestibility of each treatment should be measured in the next trial using mobile bags technique.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.572-576
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• 2016

Soil quality assessment is an important tool for environmental management in an agricultural field. It can be used to evaluate the health of the soils and to establish the basis for sustainable urban agriculture and soil management. For this study, the chemical properties of the soils used for urban agriculture were examined. Results of the soil analysis for chemical properties were applied to soil quality assessment system, which is composed of principal component analysis, application to scoring function and derivation of soil quality index (SQI). Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (T-N) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) according to principal component analysis. Based on the results of scoring for four indicators (pH, EC, OM, T-N), soil pH was the indicator that needs the most urgent management. Results of SQI derivation showed that many of the urban farms appeared to be insufficient score in comprehensive soil quality assessment. In conclusion, soil management practices based on scores derived from soil chemical indicators need to be carried out to maintain sustainable urban agricultural soil environment and to provide easy-to-understand information to urban farmers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.563-576
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• 2012

The Purpose of this paper is to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment-Friendly agriculture based on farm awareness analysis. To analysis farm management, a series of farm household surveys were conducted on farmers residing in Embong-Myun. The sample size of the survey is 108 respectively. As a survey result, satisfaction level about market stability and understanding of upper organization is high, on the contrary, awareness of related organization is low in a relative sense. Most of farmers reveal their intention to sustain environment-Friendly agriculture but future agriculturalist and an ageing society that one face as well. In order to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment-Friendly agriculture, an infrastructure should be consistently expanded. On the other hand, self-supporting ability of farmer's organization and education system attempt to expand for sustainability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.362-362
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• 2017

Dissemination of IPB3S rice variety combined with cultivation technology named IPB Prima was aimed to introduce IPB research product particularly for IPB rice variety with high-yield character that is IPB3S. The rice variety IPB3S and IPB Prima cultivation technology was expected to be one of solution to improve rice productivity and accelerate to food self-sufficiency in Indonesia. Research sctivity was consist of three main research unit i.e. (1) Dissemination of IPB3S rice variety and IPB Prima production technology; (2) The development of Information and management web-based system (IMS) for planning and monitoring IPB3S and IPB Prima application distribution; and (3) The development of High-capacity grain drying system in Fluidized-bed drying ang in-store drying system. The objective of main research i.e. to introduce IPB high-yield rice variety, to accelerate rice productivity to support self-sufficiency, to develop integrated system model through fluidized and in-store drying, and to develop web-based management-information system in result analyzing IPB3S and IPB Prima distribution and technology application. The dissemination activities was arranged in two location. The first location was in Banyuwangi, East Java with total area 10.87 ha, consist of 8.91 ha planting area for IPB3S and 1.96 ha planting area for Ciherang. The second location is in Tegal, Middle Java with total planting area in 5 ha. The experiment was arranged in different treatment of varieties and cultivation method. The experiment consist of (1) rice variety Ciherang with conventional cultivation technology (P0); (2) rice variety Ciherang with IPB Prima cultivation technology (P1); (3) rice variety IPB3S with conventional cultivation technology (P2); (4) rice variety IPB3S with IPB Prima cultivation technology (P3). Planting distance for twin rows system is $50cm{\times}25cm{\times}12.5cm$. Planting distance for single row system is $25cm{\times}25cm$. The research result elucidated that productivity result in two location has different grades in similar trend. Experiment in Tegal resulted P0 result is $6.18ton\;ha^{-1}$, P1 result is $6.30ton\;ha^{-1}$, P2 result is $6.82ton\;ha^{-1}$, P3 result is $7.31ton\;ha^{-1}$. Experiment in Banyuwangi resulted optimum production of IPB3S variety productivity number are $7.29ton\;ha^{-1}$, while Ciherang are $6.73ton\;ha^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2017

Dissemination of IPB3S rice variety combined with cultivation technology named IPB Prima was aimed to introduce IPB research product particularly for IPB rice variety with high-yield character that is IPB3S. The rice variety IPB3S and IPB Prima cultivation technology was expected to be one of solution to improve rice productivity and accelerate to food self-sufficiency in Indonesia. Research sctivity was consist of three main research unit i.e. (1) Dissemination of IPB3S rice variety and IPB Prima production technology; (2) The development of Information and management web-based system (IMS) for planning and monitoring IPB3S and IPB Prima application distribution; and (3) The development of High-capacity grain drying system in Fluidized-bed drying ang in-store drying system. The objective of main research i.e. to introduce IPB high-yield rice variety, to accelerate rice productivity to support self-sufficiency, to develop integrated system model through fluidized and in-store drying, and to develop web-based management-information system in result analyzing IPB3S and IPB Prima distribution and technology application. The dissemination activities was arranged in two location. The first location was in Banyuwangi, East Java with total area 10.87 ha, consist of 8.91 ha planting area for IPB3S and 1.96 ha planting area for Ciherang. The second location is in Tegal, Middle Java with total planting area in 5 ha. The experiment was arranged in different treatment of varieties and cultivation method. The experiment consist of (1) rice variety Ciherang with conventional cultivation technology (P0); (2) rice variety Ciherang with IPB Prima cultivation technology (P1); (3) rice variety IPB3S with conventional cultivation technology (P2); (4) rice variety IPB3S with IPB Prima cultivation technology (P3). Planting distance for twin rows system is $50cm{\times}25cm{\times}12.5cm$. Planting distance for single row system is $25cm{\times}25{\times}cm$. The research result elucidated that productivity result in two location has different grades in similar trend. Experiment in Tegal resulted P0 result is $6.18ton\;ha^{-1}$, P1 result is $630ton\;ha^{-1}$, P2 result is $6.82ton\;ha^{-1}$, P3 result is $7.31ton\;ha^{-1}$. Experiment in Banyuwangi resulted optimum production of IPB3S variety productivity number are 7.29 ton ha-1, while Ciherang are $6.73ton\;ha^{-1}$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 2018

Purpose: This research evaluated five types of nanoparticles to develop a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for the rapid detection of two Bacillus species (Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis) that are commonly found on fresh produce, which can cause food poisoning. Methods: Bacterial concentrations were adjusted to a constant turbidity, and a total of $30{\mu}L$ of each Bacillus cell suspension was prepared for each nanoparticle. A point-scan Raman system with laser light source of wavelength 785 nm was used to obtain SERS data. Results: There was no qualitative difference in the SERS data of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis for any of the five nanoparticles. Three gold nanoparticles, stabilized in either citrate buffer or ethanol, showed subtle differences in Raman intensities of two Bacillus species at $877.7cm^{-1}$. Conclusions: Among the three types of nanoparticles, the gold nanoparticles stabilized in citrate buffer showed the lowest standard deviation, followed by gold nanoparticles stabilized in ethanol. This result supports the potential application of gold nanoparticles for SERS-based detection of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate members' affiliation motive to Forest Management Cooperative which is the main managemental body of the private forests and management problems of the organization to find out a solution of the problems and set active promotion plan. The questionnaire about the management of the cooperatives was done by interviewing the members at Seoha Inboh Forest Management Cooperative in Ulsan-gun, Kyongsangnam-do and Sechong Forest Management Cooperative in Chinan-gun, Chollabuk-do from July to August in 1993. Twenty interviewees were selected in the order of their business quantity on the forest from the members who reside in their villages. Integrated matters such as were members' affiliation motive, benefit after their affiliation, management system, incorporation of the organization and other issues concerning to managemental plans questioned. During the survey period, other data about management of the cooperatives were collected from the related organizations and opinions of every president of nine cooperatives in the investigated regions. The majority of the members agreed that the cooperative is an independent forest organization and evaluated the Training and Extension Service Center high. However, their participations in the cooperative such as forest technical training and cooperative forest management were low since they have not earned any income from their forest management.