• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

Noonan syndrome is a relatively common genetic disorder which is autosomal dominant. Prevalence of Noonan syndrome is varying from 0.04% to 0.1%. It is characterized by distinctive facial features, chest deformity, short stature and congenital heart disease. Oral findings in patient with Noonan syndrome include high arched palate, dental malocclusion, articulation difficulties, and micrognathia. The purpose of this case report is to describe dental treatment of a children with Noonan syndrome. 5 year old boy with Noonan syndrome visited to the Seoul National University Dental Hospital for dental treatment. Due to need for close monitoring, concern about seizure and poor cooperation, we planned to perform the dental treatment under general anesthesia. Under general anesthesia, caries treatment was successfully performed and there was no postoperative complications related to general anesthesia. High arched palate was observed which is characteristic in Noonan syndrome.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.568-573
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to investigate the caries activity factors of children during orthodontic treatment. Fifty children with fixed or removable intraoral orthodontic appliances were examined for their Cariostat caries activity test scores, gender, age, duration of treatment, appliance type, treatment site, Angle's classification of malocclusion, and the number of teeth with caries experience. The mean age of the high caries activity group was significantly higher than that of the low caries activity group(P<0.01). The duration of treatment of the high caries activity group was longer than that of the low caries activity group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The fixed appliance group showed higher caries activity than the removable appliance group(P<0.01). The caries activity of Angle Class III group was lower than that of Angle Class I group, not significant statistically(P>0.05). The number of teeth with caries experience in the high caries activity group was lower than that in the low caries activity group, not significant statistically(P>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2000

The oral screen is a functional appliance, suitable for the treatment of developing malocclusion associated with aberrant muscular patterns. The better muscle balance between tongue and the buccinator mechanism can be established, and the reestablishment of normal growth and development can be achieved. The oral screen can be used for the correction of the following conditions : (1) thumbsucking, tongue thrusting and lip biting, (2) mouth breathing, (3) mild distocclusion with premaxillary protrusion, (4) open bites in deciduous and mixed dentition, and (5) incompetent lips. The patient should wear the oral screen every night and also during the day whenever possible. The effects of oral screen can be elevated through lip seal exercise : the lips should be kept in contact all the time to improve the lip seal. In the presented two cases, the patients were considered mouth breathers and to have incompetent lips, and one patient with maxillary incisal protrusion and the other with open bite. They were instructed to wear the oral screen with lip seal exercise. After wearing the appliance for 1 and 2 years respectively, mouth breathing was decreased and lip length and strength were increased, the maxillary incisors were retruded and open bite reduced.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.412-417
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• 2012

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a disorder which is caused by the defect of the lysosomal enzyme that is essentially needed for resolution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Metabolite of GAGs will accumulate in the lysosome of cells and will result in the dysfunction of cells, tissues, and organs. Eventually, patients will manifest both mental retardation and physical disorders. In worst cases, mucopolysaccharidosis can cause premature death. The current clinical types have been classified as MPS from type I to type IX according to the defect of certain enzyme. The dental complications have been reported as delay of eruption, enamel hypoplasia, microdontia, malocclusion, condylar defects, gingival hyperplasia and dentigerous cystlike follicle. This clinical report presents the case of a boy with MPS type II, Hunter Syndrome which has various dental complications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.580-585
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• 2009

Pediatric dentists often meet children with abnormal in number of tooth. Presence of supernumerary teeth is frequent cause of malocclusion. Etiology for supernumerary teeth is not yet clearly defined, but it is thought to be caused by excessive proliferation of dental lamina by hereditary and environmental factors. Supernumerary teeth occur in the maxilla nine times more frequently than in the mandible. Most common supernumerary tooth is the mesiodens in the maxilla, and some are observed in the maxillary molar and mandibular premolar. It occurs rarely in the mandibular incisor region with the incidence of 1-2% among all supernumerary teeth. A six-year old boy visited the department of the pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, with the chief complaint of crowded supernumerary teeth on the mandibular incisor region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed six permanent mandibular incisors similar in size, shape, and length. Further investigation using computed tomography(CT) was proceeded on the mandible to measure and compare morphologic features and positions of the six incisors. Then, we decided to remove two incisors which were already erupted. Periodic check-up was followed to monitor the dental development and spontaneous positional enhancement of the remaining four incisors in the mandible.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

Posterior cross-bite is a relatively frequent malocclusion in primary and early mixed dentition and the reported prevalence of posterior cross-bite varies from 7% to 23%. It has been defined as a transverse discrepancy in arch relationship which the palatal cusp of the upper posterior teeth do not occlude in the central fossa of the opposing lower teeth, and can be manifested in a single tooth or in a group of teeth. Posterior cross-bite does not often self-correct and therefore immediate treatment is recommended. Occlusal adjustment to eliminate premature contact that causes mandibular deviation, expansion of narrow maxillary arch, arrangement of the individual teeth to treat asymmetry within the dental arch are the methods of treating cross-bite. In the present case, functional posterior cross-bite was observed in the primary and the early mixed dentition children. The children were treated by the slow maxillary expansion and occlusal adjustment. The outcome of periodic examinations after the correction of cross-bite was favorable.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.36.1-36.7
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• 2015

Background: This study was performed to evaluate three-dimensional positional change of the condyle using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) following unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (USSRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism. Methods: This study examined two patients exhibiting skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry who underwent USSRO for a mandibular setback. 3D-CT was performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 6 months postoperatively. After creating 3D-CT images by using the In-vivo $5^{TM}$ program, the axial plane, coronal plane, and sagittal plane were configured. Three-dimensional positional changes from each plane to the condyle, axial condylar head axis angle (AHA), axial condylar head position (AHP), frontal condylar head axis angle (FHA), frontal condylar head position (FHP), sagittal condylar head axis angle (SHA), and sagittal condylar head position (SHP) of the two patients were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: In the first patient, medial rotation of the operated condyle in AHA and anterior rotation in SHA were observed. There were no significant changes after surgery in AHP, FHP, and SHP after surgery. In the second patient, medial rotation of the operated condyle in AHA and lateral rotation of the operated condyle in FHA were observed. There were no significant changes in AHP, FHP, and SHP postoperatively. This indicates that in USSRO, postoperative movement of the condylar head is insignificant; however, medial rotation of the condylar head is possible. Although three-dimensional changes were observed, these were not clinically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that although three-dimensional changes in condylar head position are observed in patients post SSRO, there are no significant changes that would clinically affect the patient.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2014

Purpose: The efficiency of an anchor plate placed during orthognathic surgery via minimal presurgical orthodontic treatment was evaluated by analyzing the mandibular relapse rate and dental changes. Methods: The subjects included nine patients with Class III malocclusion who had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry in Ajou University Hospital, after minimal presurgical orthodontic treatment. During orthognathic surgery, anchor plates were placed at both maxillary buttresses. The anchor plates were used to move maxillary teeth backward and for maximum anchorage of Class III elastics to minimize mandibular relapse during the postoperative orthodontic treatment. The lateral cephalometric X-ray was taken preoperatively (T0), postoperatively (T1), and one year after the surgery (T2). Seven measurements (distance from Pogonion to line Nasion-Nasion perpendicular [Pog-N Per.], angle of line B point-Nasion and Nasion-Sella [SNB], angle of line maxilla 1 root-maxilla 1 crown and Nasion-Sella [U1 to SN], distance from maxilla 1 crown to line A point-Nasion [U1 to NA], overbite, overjet, and interincisal angle) were taken. Measurements at T0 to T1 and T1 to T2 were compared and differences tested by standard statistical methods. Results: The mean skeletal change was posterior movement by $13.87{\pm}4.95mm$ based on pogonion from T0 to T1, and anterior movement by $1.54{\pm}2.18mm$ from T1 to T2, showing relapse of about 10.2%. There were significant changes from T0 to T1 for both Pog-N Per. and SNB (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant changes from T1 to T2 for both Pog-N Per. and SNB. U1 to NA that represents the anterior-posterior changes of maxillary incisor did not differ from T0 to T1, yet there was a significant change from T1 to T2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the anchor plate minimizes mandibular relapse and moves the maxillary teeth backward during the postoperative orthodontic treatment. Thus, we conclude that the anchor plate is clinically very useful.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.523-534
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the horizontal & vertical bone change pattern when using cervical headgear in Class II malocclusion of growing children and compared the skeletal features between the group with increased lower facial height and the group without increase in lower facial height. The results are as follows ; 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited, downward tipping of anterior palatal plane could be seen and distal movement of maxillary first molar was observed. 2. There was relative forward movement of Mandible against the Maxillary cranial base, and relative forward movement of mandibular 1st molar against the Maxilla and vertical increase due to alveolar growth of Mandible. 3. There was significant increase in anterior and posterior facial heights but the ratio of facial height showed no significant difference. 4. The group with increased lower facial height has shorter ramus length, than the smaller palatal plane angle, and more distal movement of Maxillary 1st molar than the group without increase Ha-young Hyun

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.547-556
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal, dental and soft tissue profile changes following the face mask therapy in growing skeletal class III malocclusion patients. The fifteen patients with the good results were selected among the patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics in Seoul National University Hospital. The mean age was 10.63(range 7.25-13.25) years and the mean treatment duration was 9.84(range 2.00-27.00) months. Lateral cephalograms were taken just before and after face mask application. After tracing the cephalograms, thirty five items(twety angular and fifteen linear) were measured. The differences before and after the face mask therapy were compared statistically by the paired t-test(p<0.05). The results were as follows : SNA and Co-A(effective maxillary length) increased significantly after using the face mask(p<0.001), which reflects the orthopedic changes of maxilla. SNB and Co-Gn(effective mandibular length) also showed an increase(p<0.01), which may be a result of the strong growth trends of the samples. FMA, SN-GoGn and Y-axis angle increased significantly(p<0.01), which means the backward and downward rotation of the mandible. This positional change seemed to have compensated an increase of effective mandibular length. There was no statistically significant difference in angulation of upper and lower incisors between pre-treatment and post-treatment(p>0.05). In soft tissue profile, the upper lip was positioned anteriorly(p<0.01) after treatment and approximated to the normal standards.