• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.2 s.213
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• pp.171-176
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• 1987

Fused teeth, with all its lower prevalence, produce many problems in orthodontic treatment because of their altered form, large root, and unbalance of teeth numbers between upper and lower jaws. The authors have reviewed on its etiology, differential diagnosis, prevalence, clinical features and complications. Orthodontic treatment cases of 2 sisters with malocclusion including fused teeth were presented, in which asymmetrical extractions were performed and edgewise appliances were utilized.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.4 s.179
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• pp.339-350
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• 1984

Authors have treated 4 patients of Angle's class II malocclusion; which were consisted a boy aged 11years 2 months, a girl aged 11 years 4 months, a boy aged 13 years 7 months and a female aged 20 years 1 months. The results of treartment were reviewed and discussed with literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.18 no.3 s.132
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• pp.197-200
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to investigate the form and position of the mandible of upper prognathism in relation to craniofacial complex. The subjects consist of 20 males and 39 females with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and measurements were achieved on lateral cephalograms. The results were a follows. 1. Infradentale was situated anteriorly to orbital plane, but point B, pogonion and menton were situated posteriorly. 2. Development of chin point area of female was poor than that of male. 3. In case of facial angle was large, ramus angle tend to be small, but gonial angle had tendency to be large.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.11 s.354
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• pp.794-799
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• 1998

Many references report that abnormal diastema except temporary diastema existing in mixed dentition period is caused by maxilary heavy labial frenum, malocclusion, progressive periodontal disease, and loss of posterior teeth. We can diagnose patient as diastema caused by periodontal disease, especially, in case of accompanying progressively destructed anterior maxillary alveolar bone defect, and interseptal bone defect. We report Multiple disciplinary approach for diastema associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment(Guided Tissue -Regeneration, alveoloplasty, bone graft), or thodontic treatment (space closure, redistribution), and the final proshodontic restoration for retention were used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2008

Skeletal anterior open bite is a difficult problem to correct in orthodontic treatment. To treat adult patients who have skeletal anterior open bite, we considered two methods. Combination treatment of orthodontics & surgery and camouflage orthodontic treatment. In adults, treatment of severe skeletal anterior open bite consists mainly of surgically repositioning the maxilla or the mandible. However, camouflage therapy is often the treatment of choice for skeletal open bite patients who have mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies when growth modification is no longer possible. But excellent results generally require careful coordination of the orthodontic and surgical phases of treatment. This is a case report of a skeletal anterior open bite patients who were treated with orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. First case was diagnosed as skeletal class I malocclusion & bimaxillary protrusion with anterior open bite, and finally treatment ended for removal of open bite with orthodontic procedure and bimaxillary anterior segmental osteotomy surgery. Second case was diagnosed as skeletal class II malocclusion with open bite & mandibular retrusion, and was treated with only camouflage orthodontics because she feared to have a surgery. In a regular follow up visit after debonding we proposed to the patient advanced genioplasty, and in her agreement her facial esthetics was improved through the surgery.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

This study sought to compare the amounts of posterior anchorage loss during the en masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth between orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) and conventional anchorage reinforcement (CAR) such as headgear and/or transpalatal arch. The subjects were 52 adult female patients treated with sliding mechanics (MBT brackets, .022" slot, .019X.025" stainless steel wire, 3M-Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). They were allocated into Group 1 (N=24, Class I malocclusion (CI), upper and lower first premolar (UP1LP1) extraction, and CAR), Group 2 (N=15, Cl, UP1LP1 extraction and OMI), and Group 3 (N=13, Class II division 1 malocclusion, upper first and lower second premolar extraction, and OMI). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after treatment (T1). A total of 11 anchorage variables were measured. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference in treatment duration and anchorage variables at T0 among the three groups. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly larger retraction of the upper incisor edge (U1E-sag, 9.3mm:7.3mm, P<.05) and less posterior anchorage loss (U6M-sag, 0.7~0.9mm:2mm, P<.05; U6A-sag, 0.5mm:2mm, P<.01) than Group 1. The ratio of retraction amount of the upper incisor edge per 1 of anchorage loss in the upper molar made for the significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (4.6mm:7.0mm, P<.05). Group 3 showed a relatively distal inclination of the upper molar (P<.05) and the intrusion of the upper incisor and first molar (U1E-ver, P<.05; U6F-ver, P<.05) compared to Groups 1 and 2. Although OMI could not shorten the treatment duration, it could provide better maximum posterior anchorage than CAR.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2012

Introduction: To evaluate the 3-dimensional changes in the pharyngeal airway of skeletal class III patients after bimaxillary surgery. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 18 Korean patients that had undergone maxillary setback or posterosuperior movement and mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy setback surgery due to skeletal class III malocclusion (8 males, 10 females; mean age of 28.7). Cone beam computed tomography was taken 1 month before and 6 months after orthognathic surgery. Preoperative and postoperative volumes of the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and laryngopharyngeal airways and minimum axial areas of the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces were measured. Moreover, the pharyngeal airway volume of the patient group that had received genioplasty advancement was compared with the other group that had not. Results: The nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces did not show significant differences before or after surgery. However, the oropharyngeal space volume and total volume of pharyngeal airway decreased significantly (P<0.05). The minimum axial area of the oropharynx also decreased significantly. Conclusion: The results indicate that bimaxillary surgery decreased the volume and the minimum axial area of the oropharyngeal space. Advanced genioplasty did not seem to have a significant effect on the volumes of the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2010

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate relapse, comparing large and small maxillary advancements with four-plate rigid fixation and without bone grafting. All patients had skeletal class III malocclusion, and underwent bimaxillary surgery. Standardized cephalometric analysis by one examiner was performed on serial radiographs of 14 patients immediately before surgery, and within 1 week and at least 6 months postoperatively (mean 10 months). The group was divided into two subsets to determine whether the magnitude of relapse. In group 1 ($\leq$ 5 mm, n = 8), the average advancement was $4.0{\pm}0.9\;mm$, with a mean relapse of $0.1{\pm}0.5\;mm$. In group 2 (6-8 mm, n = 4), the average advancement was $6.8{\pm}0.9\;mm$, with a mean relapse of $0.7{\pm}0.4\;mm$. There was no statistical difference in the measured relapse among the groups. Maxillary advancement with a 1-piece Le Fort I osteotomy is a relatively stable procedure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.3 s.104
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• pp.269-277
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• 2004

A modified removable appliance for molar distalization called C-activator was used in a 10-year old male patient with a Class II anterior deep bite malocclusion with upper arch discrepancy. The treatment plan involved correcting the Class ll relationship, distalizing both upper first molars, and regaining space for the erupting canines. The C-activator, which was used for 6 months, consisted of a labial framework formed from .036-in stainless steel wire and an acrylic monobloc. Both the closed helices of the labial framework were compressed for reactivation during the C-activator treatment period. C-activator mechanics simultaneously achieved distalization of the upper first molars into their proper positions and repositioning of the mandible. After 21 months of treatment, the correct oberbite and overjet was obtained and contributed to an Improvement in facial balance. The treatment results were stable 6 months after debonding. Fabrication and placement of the new appliance and clinical procedures are detailed, and the treatment sequence and results of this case are presented as follows.