• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.412-420
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• 2001

In the growing children with normal occlusion and class III malocclusion who need the early treatment to be helped to diagnose and to set up treatment plan by calculating the mean values of the lateral cephalometric measurements, cephalometric measurements by McNamara alalysis were achieved and compared on both the 84 elementary school children with normal occlusion and 83 class III malocclusion children at the age of 7 to 9 in Kwangju city and the results were as follows: 1. On the boys group, between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion, Effective maxillary length, Maxillomandibular differential, Facial axis, Nasion perpendicualr to pogonion, Point A perp to Mx 1, and A-Pog line to Mn 1 showed significant differences(p<0.05). 2. On the girls group, between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion significant differences were shown in Effective Maxillary length, Maxillomandibular differential, Mandibular plan angle, Nasion perpendicualr to Point A, Point A perp to Mx 1, A-Pog line to Mn 1(p<0.01). 3. There were no significant differences between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion of boys group but significant differences between them of girls group in Effective mandibular length(P<0.01). On the boys and girls group, Effective maxilla length of class III malocclusion was shorter than that of normal occlusion. 4. There were no significant differences between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion both in boys and girls at Anterior lower facial height. 5. There were significant differences between boys and girls both in class III malocclusion and normal occlusion at Anterior lower facial height and Mandibular plane angle(p<0.01).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.1 s.54
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• pp.65-82
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• 1996

This study was carried out to study the changing patterns in muscle activities in Angle's II and Class III malocclusion patients following activator therapy, To study the activities of anterior temporal(T.A.), masseter(M.M.), posterior temporal(T.P.), and anterior belly of digastric(D.A.) muscles, surface electrodes were placed on 15 Angle's Class II and 17 Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and following conclusions were obtained after electromyographic recordings were taken at prior to the activator therapy and at some time between 6 -12 month after the start of activator therapy. 1. Class II and Class III malocclusion groups, when compared to normal occlusiongroup, showed no significant differences during resting and swallowing. But significant differences were observed in masseter and posterior temporal muscles during clenching. 2. Most of the muscles studied showed a certain pattern, that is those groups whose pre-treatment E.M.G. were lower than the normal value showed significant increase after activator therapy, whereas those groups whose pre-treatment E.M.G. were higher than the normal value showed significant decrease after activator therapy. This pattern was observed in all of the muscle groups studied except T.A.(swallowing), T.P.(clenching) and D.A.(swallowing, clenching) in Angle's Class III malocclusion group and in Angle's Class II malocclusion group, above tendency were observed only in T.A.(swallowing), M.M.(resting, swallowing) and T.P.(clenching). This pattern was less obvious during clenching. 3. When E.M.G. activity after activator therapy between Angle's Class II and Class III malocclusion group was compared, Class III malocclusion group showed more increase during resting, and Class II malocclusion group showed more increase during swallowing and clenching excepting M.M. and D.A. respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was giving some helpful datas in analysing the degree of anteroposterior jaw disharmony with the 'Wits' appraisal. The cephalograms of 105 Korean adults with normal occlusion ranging from 17 to 20 years of age and 76 Koreans with various malocclusion ranging from 12 to 24 years of age were studied and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows; 1. The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in normal occlusion group was -0.82mm in males and -0.17mm in females. 2. There was no significant difference between the males and females in normal occlusion group. 3, The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in Angles class II malocclusion group was 2.67mm and higher than normal group. 4. The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in Angles class III malocclusion group was -8.11 mm and lower than normal group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.201-204
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• 1983

To study the calcification of second molars in Class I malocclusion with normal craniofacial structure, the author examined cephalograms, orthopantomograms, periapical films of 538 children from 7 y 0 m to 15y 11m old who had Class I malocclusion with normal craniofacial structure, and observed the calcification stage of upper and lower second molars. The results are as follows. 1. The mean ages of crown completion of upper and lower second molars are $8.82{\pm}1.14,\;8.72{\pm}0.75$ in boys, and $8.60{\pm}1.46,\;8.22{\pm}0.92$ in girls. 2. The mean ages of root completion of upper and lower second molars are $14.25{\pm}1.46,\;14.15{\pm}0.83$ in boys, and $14.12{\pm}0.93,\;14.15{\pm}0.83$ in girls. 3. There are no difference between the calcification stages of upper second molars and those of lower second molars in both sexes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.123-135
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the depth of antegonial notch and the craniofacial morphology, and to predict the mandibular growth direction & potential in class III malocclusion. The computerized analyses were carried out on longitudinal lateral cephalometric radiographs of 50 children with class III malocclusion, divided into two groups ; 30 deep notch subjects (more than 2.6mm) and 20 shallow notch subjects (less than 1.5mm). The conclusions were as follows: 1. The mandibular growth direction in deep notch group was more vertically directed than in shallow notch group. 2. Deep notch group had shorter anterior & posterior cranial base than shallow notch group. 3. There was not significant difference between deep & shallow notch groups in the amount of mandibular growth during treatment period. 4. Notch depth increased in both deep & shallow notch groups during treatment period.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the influence of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular dysfunction in skeletal class III malocclusion. The temporomandibular joint status in 22 patients(mean age: 23.7 years) who received orthognathic surgery such as mandibular BSSRO(14 patients), maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy with mandibular BSSRO(8 patients) was evaluated by craniomandibular index. All these patients received orthognathic surgery at least 6 months ago. The mean score and standard deviation was obtained and compared with that of 22 normal individuals(mean age: 24.8years) by Student's t-test. In mandibular movement, the score of orthognathic surgery group was higher than that of the normal group. All the items except mandibular movement did not show any differences between the two groups.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 1981

To study the calcification of second molars in skeletal class II malocclusion, the author examined cephalograms, orthopantomograms, periapical films of 391 children from 7y 0m to 15y 11 m years old who had skeletal class II malocclusion, and observed the difference in the calcification stage between upper and lower second molars. The result s are as follows. 1. The mean ages of crown completion of upper and lower second molars are $8.7{\pm}1.75$, $8.8{\pm}1.13$ in boys, and $8.4{\pm}0.81$, $8.5{\pm}0.91$ in girls. 2. The mean ages of root completion of upper and lower second molars are $14.0{\pm}1.09,\;14.5{\pm}0.52$ in boys, and $13.7{\pm}1.15,\;13.8{\pm}1.18$ in girls. 3. The calcification stages of upper second molars are more advanced than those of lower second molars at $5\%$ level in both sexes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.57-74
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• 1993

Anterior crossbite is a common malocclusion in the early deciduous dentition. Even today, many these malocclusion patients are not treated until the mixed or permanent dentition. And the purpose here is to emphasize the need for early diagnosis and possible treatment for these anterior crossbite malocclusions and their associated facial patterns. Case histories of 4 patients selected from the author's practice are presented. Different methods of treatment are evaluated. Some improvement was achieved in all patients from an early interceptive regimen, although ultimately corrective orthodontic treatment may still be needed in some. It is concluded that early interception of deciduous anterior crossbite malocclusion should by attempted in patients ; there should be no delemma in reaching such a decision. And it is essential for diagnosis and treatment to determine exact variations in growth when some appliance are used, it is recommended that growth-related records be made as early as possible.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1975

This is case report of true class III malocclusion with macroglossia is corrected by glossectomy in 13 years female patient. After orthodontic treatment, the patient is bound to glossectomy because the corrected condition is relapsed to the previous condition due to relatively enlarged tongue compared with the original dental arch. By the interpretation of the cephalogram and model analysis, it is approved that the growth pattern and direction are normal range and mandible is located anterioly to the cranium. The results are follows: 1. We could treat the true Cl III malocclusion. 2. We could prevent the relapse of the treated condition by the surgical intervention, such as partial glossectomy. 3. Sensory, speech, swallowing and so other functions after the operation have been with in normal limit without any serious complications or seguellae.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.736-745
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• 1996

The conventional treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion has been focused on application of orthopedic force primarily to the mandible. However, In Class III malocclusion with retrograde position or underdevelopment of Maxilla, this approach is not suitable treatment. These patients need an application of orthopedic forces via face-mask to the Maxilla to stimulate its growth and to change the direction of growth. In skeletal Class III patients who were treated by Face-Mask, the following results were obtained. 1. Forward growth of Maxilla was enhanced. 2. Labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors were observed. 3. Mandible was rotated to clockwise direction and remodeling of B point was observed. 4. Anterior crossbite was corrected by combining of the above results.