• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2008

The 5th revision of Korean Classification of Diseases(KCD) became effective on January 1, 2008. It has reflected the changes made to the tenth revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) between 1998 and 2005 and the suggestions of academic and related societies in Korea. Two important alterations seem to have a major implication in the insurance industry. One would be the official introduction of a Korean version of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition(ICD-O-3). The borderline ovarian tumor is classified as a borderline neoplasm, which was classified as a malignant neoplasm in the previous edition of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. The other would be the appearance of non-C-code malignant neoplasm for the diseases, such as polycythemia vera, newly classified as a malignant neoplasm by the current edition of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. The National Office of Statistics(NSO) adopted the way of implementation used in the Australian Modification of International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10-AM), instead of assigning them into corresponding C code. Overall, the changes made in this revision doesn't seem to have a serious impact on the insurance industry since it has only reflected updates made to ICD-10.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2010

Commercially widely used antitumor agents such as hydroxy urea, 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide monohydrate and uracil were reacted with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate and the product hydrolyzed to give silica nanoparticles bound antitumor agents ranging from 10 nm to micron-sized aggregates. The silyl isocyanate derivative was also reacted neat with water to give hybrid organicsilicananoparticles containing $-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH-COOH$ or the corresponding decarboxylated propylamine groups depending on solvent and temperature employed. In vitro tests these functionalized silica nanoparticles were effective in the treatment of malignant tumor cells but had little or no effect on normal cells. Malignant human lung, ovarian, melanoma, CNS(Central nervous system) and colon tumor cells were used in this research. The use of silica as a carrier medium in the present research serves as a model material due to its ready functionalization via silation. The proof of concept established by the results suggests that the technique may be applied to other, more biocompatible carrier nanoparticles.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6749-6754
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• 2014

Background: There are limited data in the literature related to concomitant genital or extra-genital organ pathologies in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with 183 patients to draw attention to the accompanying organ pathologies with BOTs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-three patients with BOTs, diagnosed and/or treated in our center between January of 2000 and March of 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Data related to age, tumor histology, lesion side, disease stage, accompanying incidental ipsilateral and/or contralateral ovarian pathologies, treatment approaches, and follow-up periods were investigated. Incidental gynecologic and non-gynecologic concomitant organ pathologies were also recorded. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 years (range: 17-78). Ninety-five patients (51%) were ${\leq}40$ years. A hundred and forty-seven patients (80%) were at stage IA of the disease. The most common type of BOT was serous in histology. Non-invasive tumor implants were diagnosed in 4% and uterine involvement was found 2% among patients who underwent hysterectomies. There were 12 patients with positive peritoneal washings. Only 17 and 84 patients respectively had concomitant ipsilateral and concomitant contralateral incidental ovarian pathologies. The most common type of uterine, appendicular and omental pathologies were chronic cervicitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: According to our findings most of accompanying pathologies for BOT are benign in nature. Nevertheless, there were additional malignant diseases necessitating further therapy. We emphasize the importance of the evaluation of all abdominal organs during surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.530-535
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• 2015

An 11-year-old intact female miniature poodle presented with a four-month history of hemorrhagic effusion. The patient was alert on physical examination, although muffled heart sounds were noted upon auscultation of the right hemithorax. The radiographic finding was pleural effusion. Ultrasonography revealed cystic changes in both ovaries and several nodules in the liver. A refractory opacity in the right lung field, as visualized with computer tomography (CT), was diagnosed as right middle lung lobe torsion with a collapsed bronchus. Five days after diagnosis, a right fifth intercostal thoracotomy was performed to remove the right middle lung lobe; the right middle lung lobe was grossly shrunken as a result of chronic lung lobe torsion. Ovariohysterectomy was also performed. Histopathologic examination revealed papillary adenocarcinoma in both ovaries and suspected metastasized ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in the lung lobe. The patient recovered favorably and had been doing well up to two months post-surgery. However, after four months, the dog presented with respiratory difficulty. The radiographic findings were pleural effusion and collapse of the right cranial and left caudal lung lobes. Malignant cells of epithelial origin were observed in the pleural effusion. The tumor cells were suspected to be metastasized cells from the previously resected lung lobe. Although cancer treatment was recommended, the suggestion was suspended and the dog was discharged from hospital. This was a case of lung lobe torsion that had occurred because of hemorrhagic effusion due to tumor. Although ovariohysterectomy and lobectomy were performed, there was a relapse of hemorrhagic effusion because of metastasized tumor from the previously resected lung lobe.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.713-717
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• 2016

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and features of other gynecologic or surgical lesions in endometrial cancer (EMC) patients. Materials and Methods: Clinico-pathological data of EMC patients who were treated in the institution from 1995 to 2012 were collected. Data collected were age, stage of disease according to the FIGO 2009 criteria (FIGO), histopathology, tumor grade, adjuvant therapy, other gynecologic or surgical lesions, follow-up period, and living status. Results: The mean age of 396 patients was $56.7{\pm}10.64years$. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common presenting symptom (90.1%). Bleeding was accompanied with pelvic mass in 7.7% and 5.4% had only a pelvic mass. Abnormal cervical cytology was found in 3.8%. Approximately 75% had early stage diseases and 86% had endometrioid histology. We found 55.8% of EMC patients had other gynecologic lesions: 89.6% benign and 9.5% malignant. Some 4.5% had pre-invasive cervical/vulva/vagina lesions. The two most common gynecologic lesions were myoma uteri and ovarian tumors. Focusing on the latter, approximately 14% were benign while 8% were malignant. Among 364 patients with available data, surgical lesions were found in 11.8%, 5.7% benign and 9.2% malignant. The most common benign surgical condition was chronic appendicitis while breast and colon cancers were the two most common malignant lesions found. Conclusions: More than half of EMC patients had other gynecologic lesions including benign and malignant tumors. Surgical lesions were also found in more than one-tenth of patients. Careful pre-operative evaluation and intra-operative inspection are advised for proper management and better prognosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.293-296
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• 2001

Mature cystic teratomas, commonly called dermoid cysts, are the most common benign germ cell tumors of ovary in women of reproductive age. Mature cystic teratoma that constitutes 10-25% of ovarian tumors and 95% of teratoma, is germ cell tumor of the ovary. This occurs frequently in women less than 20 years old, but it can be found upto 10-20% in postmenopausal women. And in women over the age of 50, a mature cystic teratoma is likely to change into malignant form. Traditional surgical methods of mature cystic teratoma treatment include transabdominal cystectomy, oophorectomy, hysterectomy and(or) bilateral salphingooophorectomy. Recently laparoscopic approach replaces transabdominal surgeries in many cases. Vaginal removal of mature cystic teratoma is unique and rare. Compared with laparotomy, transvaginal approach is characterized by shorter hospital stay and lower morbidity rate. Compared with laparoscopic operation, transvaginal approach has advantages of no visible operative scar and lower intra-operative tumor spillage. The decision for surgical methods is related with patients' situations and surgeon's preference. We report 1 case of vaginal removal of mature cystic teratoma as a part of vaginal hysterectomy in old age patient.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2015

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2006

Mature cystic teratoma, commonly called dermoid cyst, is the most common benign germ cell tumor of the ovary in children. Malignant transformation is rare, approximately 2 %. As laparoscopic procedures are applied widely in pediatric surgery, a female chlid with a mature cystic teratoma may be an ideal candidate for laparoscopic surgery. Two children received laparoscopic operations successfuly for lower abdominal crises, twisted adnexa. There was no operative complication. Laparoscopic approach for ovarian lesions in infancy and childhood appears to be an effective and safe method for diagnosis as well as definitive therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.399-402
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• 2012

Bufalin is a traditional oriental medicines which induces apoptosis in some lines of human tumor cells. It constitutes the major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of Chan Su, obtained from the skin and parotid venom glands of toads. Bufalin is cardioactive C-24 steroids that exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as cardiotonic, anaesthetic, blood pressure stimulatory, respiratory and antineoplastic effects. In terms of its anti-tumor activity, bufalin has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of tumors, such as endometrial and ovarian cancers. This commentary introduces biologic and therapeutic effects of bufalin in treating some cancers. The compound is able to mediate inhibition of cell growth, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and expression of genes related to the malignant phenotype in human cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1949-1953
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• 2014

Background: CA125 and HE4 are used in calculating Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA); and Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI). However, studies showed that normal levels of CA125, and HE4 differ among ethnicities such as between Asians and Caucasians, thus affecting the accuracy of the RMI score and ROMA in predicting ovarian malignancy. This study aimed to determine whether new or modified cutoff values for Ca125, HE4, the RMI score, and ROMA resulted in a better prediction of malignancy compared with the previous or standard ones. Materials and Methods: Serum level of CA125 and HE4 from 128 patients with diagnosis of ovarian tumor that had been collected before surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMH) in Jakarta from November 2010 until May 2011 were reviewed and analysed. The standard cutoff values of these biomarkers, RMI, and ROMA were modified by using logistic regression model. The modified cutoff values were compared to the standard cutoff values in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: The modified cutoff value of CA125, HE4, RMI score and ROMA were 165.2 U/mL, 103.4 pM, 368.7, 28/54. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified cutoff values CA125, HE 4, RMI score and ROMA in differentiating benign from malignant and borderline were 67% and 75,4%; 73.1% and 85.2%; 73.1% and 80.3%; and 77.6% and 86.9%. While the sensitivity and specificity of the standard cutoff value of CA125; HE4; RMI score; and ROMA were 91% and 24.6%; 83.6% and 65%; 80.6% and 65.6%; and 91.0% and 42.6%. The accuracy of modified cutoff values compared with standard cutoff values were: 71.2% vs 59.3%, 78.9% vs 75% vs, 76.5% vs 73.4%, and 82% vs 67.9%. Conclusions: The new or modified cutoff values of Ca125, HE4, RMI score and ROMA resulted in higher accuracy compared to the previous or standard ones, at the cost of reduced sensitivity.