• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1980

The mandibular canal must be considered carefully during the surgical treatment, especially surgical extraction of the impacted tooth and intraosseous implant, because it contains the important inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. The author investigated the curvature of the mandibular canal and its relation to the mandibular molars and positional realtion between the mental foramen and the mandibular premelors in orthopantomogram. The materials consisted of 441 orthopantomograms divided four groups; Group Ⅰ consisted of 56 males and 44 females from 1 to 6 years of age, Group Ⅱ consisted of 58 males and 45 females from 7 to 12 years of age, Group Ⅲ consisted of 65 males and 33 females from 13 to 18 years of age, Group Ⅳ consisted of 86 males and 54 females over 19 years of age. The results were as followings; 1. The curvature of mandibular canal was 144.50° in Group Ⅰ, 144. 29° in Group Ⅱ, 148.11° in Group Ⅲ, 147.33° in Group Ⅳ. 2. The curvature of mandibular canal was located most frequently on the area between mandibular 1st molar and mandibular 2nd molar in Group Ⅰ (42%) and on the mandibular 2nd molar area in Group Ⅱ (54%), Group Ⅲ (59%), Group Ⅳ (53%). 3. The position of mental foramen was most frequently below the mandibular 1st premolar in Group Ⅰ (58%), between the mandibular 1st premolar and the 2nd premolar in Group Ⅱ (62%), Group Ⅲ (47%), and below the mandibular 2nd premolar in Group Ⅳ (58%).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of pulmonary function and heart rate recovery of smoker and nonsmoker in males aged 20s after graded maximal exercise. Method : The subjects were composed of smoker group (n=12) and nonsmoker group (n=12) in males aged 20s. Each groups completed an graded maximal exercise with Bruce protocol and were assessed on the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity : FVC, forced expiratory volume-one second : FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and heart rate. Result : The results were as follows: First, heart rate in the measurement point was a statistically significant difference for smoker and non-smoker group after maximal exercise, but FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC was no difference. Second, FEV1/FVC between smoker and nonsmoker group was a statistically significant difference after maximal exercise, but FVC, FEV1, heart rate was no difference. Conclusion : The results of this study is that smoking is negative effects on FEV1/FVC of pulmonary function in males aged 20s after maximal exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.4 s.36
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• pp.305-313
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and demo- graphic variables of adult males and females upon clothing behaviors. The questionnaire were admistered to 249 unmarried females, 202 married females, 228 unmarried males, 179 married males in Pusan. The data was analyzed statisitically using to Pearson's correlation, t-test, Multiple regres-sion. The major findings of this research can be summarized as following; 1. There was significant relationship between the self-esteen and Conformity, Modesty, Management of the clothing behavior subscales. There was significant relationship among the clothing behavior subscales except Interest-Modesty, Conformity-Aesthetics, Conformity- Fashion, Modesty- Psychological dependence and Modesty-Aesthetics. 2. There was significant difference in the self-esteem and all clothing behavior subscales except Conformity according to sex. 3. There was significant difference in Interest, Psychological dependence, Fashion, Conform- ity and Modesty according to marriage status. 4. Sex and school career have significant effect on the self-esteem. Sex have significant effect on Importance, Interest, Modesty, psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management and Fashion. School career significant effect on Conformity and income effect on Fashion. 5. Sex and school career have significant effect on the self-esteem as intervening variables, the clothing behaviors as dependent variables. Sex, age, school career and income have significant direct effect on the clothing behavior subscales.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1967

Clinically healthy Korean adult cattle (20 females and 20 males) were selected and subjected to the experiments on the determination of erythrocytes and total leukocytes values at the stages of pre and post-slaughting. Throughout the studies the following results were obtained. 1. The erythrocytes values, at the stage of the pre-slaughter, of females and males were $6.070{\times}10^6/cmm$ and $6.175{\times}10^6/cmm$ respectively. In the case of post-slaughter stage, $7.780{\times}10^6/cmm$ and $7.705{\times}10^6/cmm$ were obtained for female and male respectively. In comparison on the values of erythrocytes between pre and post-slauglnter stages, the mean value of the latter has been increased significantly. 2. The total leukocytes value, at the stage of the pre-slaughter of females and males were 9,525/cmm and 9,630/cmm respectively. In the case of post-slaughter stage, 7,545/cmm and 7,510/cmm were obtained for females and males respectively. In comparison on the values of total leukocytes between pre and post-slaughter stages, the mean value of the latter has been decreased significantly.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examined gender differences on Musculoskeletal disease (MSD) medical status, the characteristics of the approved patients in workers, and the factors affected approval. Methods: Claim data for the MSD to the Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Services (2011) were employed. The medical status by gender was analyzed using t-test, chi square-test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The number of claims for MSD has continuously increased in females but not in males since 2006. The severity measured by the care duration, surgery experience and disability grade has been substantially higher in males than in females. Age, size of company, types of occupation, work duration and the weight of materials handled daily were associated with the approval. When males were considered, the work duration, the weight of materials handled daily and parts of the body were statistically significant predictors of approval in males. In case of female, there were meaningful predictors in types of industry and parts of the body. Conclusion: These findings suggest that gender-specific risk factors of MSD should be measured and the management program for MSD should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of clothing image preferences of Korean and American students, and to examine how clothing image preferences vary according to sex role identity, sex, and culture. A woman's clothing image preference inventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 127 Korean students and 116 American students. Sex role idendity was classified into androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated type. 1. Four segments of woman's clothing image preference derived by factor analysis : F. 1 'splendid-plain' ; F. 2 'feminine-masculine' ; F. 3 'casual-formal' ; F. 4 'classic-contemporary'. 2. Americans prefered splendid image more than did Koreans. Androgynous-typed males liked splendid image most among American male subjects. 3. There was interaction effect between sex and culture on feminine-masculine image preference. In Korean students, males liked feminine image much more than did females. Masculine-typed females liked masculine image most among American female subjects. 4. Koreans prefered casual image more than did Americans. 5. There was interaction effect between sex role identity, sex, and culture($4{\times}2{\times}2$) on classic-contemporary image preference. Feminine-typed females liked classic image most among Korean female subjects. 6. Korean males especially prefered luxurious image least. Korean females contemporary most, American males sexy most, American females fashionable most among four subject groups. That is, differences on clothing image preferences were found according to sex role identity, sex, and culture.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2000

Assessment of speech nasality provides important information for the treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence. Objective procedures may be used to assess velopharyngea1 function, in examples Nasometer, Aerodynamics, x-ray, Electromyography, Nasoendoscopy and Videofluoroscopy etc. The aim of this study was to obtain comprehensive nasalance data for Korean adults, aged 20 years and to investigate any gender differences within that age group using Nasometer II. The results were as follow: (1) The nasalance of the vowels(/a/, /i/, /e/, /o/, /u/, /ja/, /je/, /wi/) in the group of adults was higher in females than in males (p<0.05). (2) The nasalance of the plosives (/p/, /$p^h$/, /p'/, /t/, /$t^h$/, /t'/, /k/, /$k^h$/, /k'/) in the group of adults was higher in females than in males (p<0.05). (3) The nasalance of the affricatives (/c/, /$c^h$/, /c'/) in the group of adults was higher in females than in males (p<0.05). (4) The nasalance of the fricatives (/s/, /s'/, /$\int$/) in the group of adults was higher in female than in males (p<0.05). (5) There was no statistically significant effect for the nasalance of nasal consonants (/m/, /n/, /$a{\eta}$/).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1993

Common dermatophytosis in upper Egypt were studied at three hospitals in Minia city. Tinea corporis (ringworm of glabrous skin) was diagnosed in 127 patients (84 males and 53 females). Trichophyton was the most common genus and was represented by 6 species among which T. violaceum was the commonest fungus. Microsporum was represented by 4 species and M. canis was the prevalent species. Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot) was noticed in 22 cases (13 males and 9 females) and also Trichophyton and Microsporum were the causal organisms. Three species of Trichophyton namely: T. violaceum, T. kuryngei and Trichophyton sp. were isolated. Tinea cruis (ringworm of the groin) was diagnosed in 21 patients (16 males and 5 females). Epidermophyton floccosum was the most prevalent fungus associated with tinea cruris whereas Trichophyton and Candida were less frequent. Tinea unguium (ringworm of the nail) was diagnosed in 9 patients, 8 were females and one was male and the age incidence ranged between 5 and 55 years. M. canis occurred in 2 cases and T. mentagrophytes in one case. Out of 86 cases of tinea versicolor, 71 were males and 15 were females. Malassezia furfur was the main causal agent. All patients of candidiasis and paronychia were females and Candida was the most prevalent causal agent.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2004

The bush warblers (Cettia diphone) have been recognized to possess two types of songs: a normal song that plays roles in attracting mate and territorial defense, and an anomalous song. The present study suggests that the anomalous song functions as an alarm signal as well as other unknown signals. Field observations and playback experiments on the anomalous song of bush warbler were conducted in order to investigate the contextual information that occurred between sender and receiver. In the field observation, the males frequently emitted anomalous songs to potential predators. The males responded with an anomalous song to stuffed potential predators. The distance from where the anomalous song occurs to the stimulating source varied depending upon the kinds of stimulus. The males of bush warbler possibly show different responses to the anomalous song depending on the level of danger. When the anomalous song was played back to terrestrial males and females, no distinctive behavior was observed. The anomalous song may be sung to defend the territory against predators or to distract invaders from the nest and female because the male and female behaviors were related with the anomalous song and its phonetic characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.604-612
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of obesity and sarcopenia among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients in Korea. The current study recruited 75 patients with COPD who visited the department of respiratory medicine at J University Hospital in J-do. Height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were assessed. The levels of obesity were classified with body mass index(BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR) and percent body fat, and sarcopenia was classified with the value of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. In results, it was found that the level of obesity was very high as 43% by BMI, 88% by WHR, and 64% by percent body fat. The lower level of muscle strength was 15.50% in males and 23.50% in females. The lower level of muscle mass was 24.10% in males and .00% in females. Males who had one sarcopenia factors were 22.40%, and females were 23.50%, respectively. Males with sarcopenia were 6.90%, and females were .00%. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise is essential not only for the development of motor skills, but also for the normalization of skeletal muscle function and prevention of muscle dystrophy among COPD patients.