• 제목/요약/키워드: male-specific region Y

검색결과 73건 처리시간 0.029초

Preliminary Results of Thermal Effects due to Mobile Phones

  • Sik, Yoo-Done
    • 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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    • pp.471-473
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    • 2002
  • Public concerns associated with the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures from mobile phones on human body are increased. Although studies on the effects of the EMF exposures on human have been carried out for a long time, it is not proved yet whether the EMF effect is harmful or not. Based on the scientific results by experts, EMF exposure limits have been regulated as a precautionary approach on the assumption that the EMF effect may be harmful. It is well known that absorbed EMF can be transformed into heat within biological tissues and that thermal effects are related with the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution. However, the relative magnitude and distribution of the energies are not well defined. Although there is comprehensive information of the thermal effects, most of them come from animal and in vitro studies. Considerable efforts have been made to analyze the EMF absorption model while the actual temperature in the human body has been rarely measured. Temperature changes on the face of a healthy male volunteer were studied. A digital mobile phone of 1.8GHz was used. A digital infrared imaging system (IRIS-5000, Medicore, Seoul, Korea) was applied to take infrared pictures of the face every minute while the volunteer talked over the mobile phone for 20 minutes. The specification of the imaging system was as follows: Temperature resolution = 0.1$^{\circ}C$; Range of temperature measurement = 17~40$^{\circ}C$; Pixel size = 0.9mm ${\times}$ 0.9mm; Frame time = 2.6s; Active temperature of detector = 77$^{\circ}$K. The result showed that temperature of the ear region was increased during the phone call and the region of the temperature increase on the face was expanded as the phone call time increased. Further study is necessary to investigate the temperature rise analytically and quantitatively.

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Sex-, growth pattern-, and growth status-related variability in maxillary and mandibular buccal cortical thickness and density

  • Schneider, Sydney;Gandhi, Vaibhav;Upadhyay, Madhur;Allareddy, Veerasathpurush;Tadinada, Aditya;Yadav, Sumit
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.108-119
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the bone parameters (thickness and density) at four different interdental areas from the distal region of the canine to the mesial region of the second molar in the maxilla and the mandible. The secondary aim was to compare and contrast the bone parameters at these specific locations in terms of sex, growth status, and facial type. Methods: This retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study reviewed 290 CBCT images of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Cortical bone thickness in millimeters (mm) and density in pixel intensity value were measured for the regions (1) between the canine and first premolar, (2) between the first and second premolars, (3) between the second premolar and first molar, and (4) between the first and second molars. At each location, the bone thickness and density were measured at distances of 2, 6, and 10 mm from the alveolar crest. Results: The sex comparison (male vs. female) in cortical bone thickness showed no significant difference (p > 0.001). The bone density in growing subjects was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that in non-growing subjects for most locations. There was no significant difference (p > 0.001) in bone parameters in relation to facial pattern in the maxilla and mandible for most sites. Conclusions: There was no significant sex-related difference in cortical bone thickness. The buccal cortical bone density was higher in females than in males. Bone parameters were similar for subjects with hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and normodivergent facial patterns.

Suspension Laryngoscope 하에서 경험한 후두종괴 63례에 대한 임상통계적 고찰 (The Clinico-Statistical Analysis for 63 Cases of Laryneal Mass with Suspension Laryngoscope)

  • 유홍균;고준영;김정희
    • 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기관식도과학회 1979년도 제13차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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    • pp.8.1-8
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    • 1979
  • 이비인후과영역의 microsurgery 는 중이수술을 위한 Otomicrosurgery에 이어 최근에는 후두 특히 성대의 수술에도 크게 이용되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 저자들은 1974년 8월부터 1579년 4월까지 4연5개월간 본에서 시행하였던 Suspension Lanpgoscope을 이용한 micro-surgery하에서 적출한 후두종괴 63례에 대해 임상통계적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 1) Suspension Laryngoscope은 총 63례로 남자 34측(54%), 여자 29례(46%)이었고 남여비는 1.2 : 1이였다. 2) 연령별로는 30대가 20례(31.7%)로 가장 많았으며 40대(15.9%), 20대(14.3%), 50대(12.7%)의 순이었다. 3) 수술부위는 성문부가 61례(96.8%) 성문상부가 2례(3.2%)이었다. 4) 성문부위별로는 양측이 24례(38.1%), 우측 22례(34.9), 좌측 15례(23.8%)의 순이었다. 5) 질병별로는 조직생검결과에 준하였으며 후두결절이 30례(47.6%)로 가장 많았으며, 편평상피암 10례(15.9%), 후두용종 8례(12.7%), 후두유두종 5례(7.95%)이고 기타의 비특리성염증이 5례(7.95%)순이였다.

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남성과 여성에서 XIST 유전자의 후성학적 비교 연구 (Epigenetic Study of XIST Gene from Female and Male Cells by Pyrosequencing)

  • 김환희;윤여진;송민애;이수만
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2010
  • 목 적: X 염색체 불활성화는 여성과 남성 사이에 X 염색체의 유전자 발현 유지를 위해 여성의 X 염색체 중 하나가 불활성화 되는 현상이다. 이러한 X 염색체 불활성화는 해독되지 않는 XIST 유전자에 의해 조절된다. XIST 유전자는 오직 불활성화된 X 염색체 에서만 발현되고, 활성화된 X 염색체 에서는 발현되지 않는다. 따라서 체세포에서 활성화된 X 염색체의 XIST 유전자는 promoter 부분이 메틸화 되어있고, 불활성화된 X 염색체에서는 메틸화가 거의 되어 있지 않다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 정상 여성과 정상 남성의 XIST 유전자의 promoter와 5'-end 지역의 메틸화 차이를 측정하기 위해 정상여성과 남성의 혈액에서 DNA를 추출하여 파이로시퀀싱 (Pyrosequencing) 방법을 통해 XIST 유전자의 총 8부분의 CpG 영역 (-1696, -1679, -1475, -1473, -1469, +947, +956, +971)을 분석하였다. 결 과: 총 8부분의 CpG 영역을 분석한 결과, promoter 부분인 CpG 1-5 영역 (-1696, -1679, -1475, -1473, -1469)에서는 여성과 남성의 메틸화 정도에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 5'-end 부분인 CpG6-8 영역 (+947, +956, +971)에서는 여성이 45.2% 49.9% 44.2%, 남성이 90.6%, 96.7%, 87.8%으로 메틸화 정도가 차이를 나타냈다. 결 론: 따라서 본 연구에 사용한 방법은 XIST 유전자의 메틸화 패턴의 차이를 기존의 방법보다 신속하고 정확하게 분석할 수 있다는 장점이 있기 때문에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

한국 산업단지 인근 연안 어류의 성비와 intersexuality (Sex ratio and intersexuality in coastal fishes near industrial complex of Korea)

  • 이정식;김재원;박정준;주선미;박지선;이동근;윤태웅;최경희;윤준헌;엄익춘
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2010
  • 분석에 이용된 어류는 울산/온산, 시화/안산 및 여수/광양의 산업단지 인근 해역에서 2008년과 2009년에 채집하였다. 분석에는 문절망둑 (Acanthogobius flavimanus), 가숭어 (Chelon haematocheilus), 누치(Hemibarbus labeo), 주둥치 (Leiognathus nuchalis), 숭어 (Mugil cephalus), 풀망둑 (Synechogobius hasta)1,289개체가 사용되었다. 전체 개체의 성비 (암:수)는 1:0.73이었다. 각 지역별 성비는 울산/온산에서는 1:0.79, 시화/안산지역에서는 1:0.81, 여수/광양지역에서는 1:0.25로 암컷의 비율이 높았다. 전체 intersex 출현율은 11.7%였다. 각 지역별 intersex 출현율은 울산/온산에서는 4.98%, 시화/안산지역에서는 14.39%, 여수/광양지역에서는 25.0%로 나타났다. 성에 따른 intersex 출현율은 울산/온산에서는 암컷에서 높았으나 시화/안산과 여수/광양에서는 수컷에서 높았다.

무정자증 불임남성에서 관찰된 SRY 유전자의 중복을 동반한 일동원체성 derivative Y 염색체 (Monocentric Derivative Y Chromosome with Duplication of the SRY Gene in an Azoospermic Male)

  • 최은영;이봄이;박주연;이연우;오아름;이신영;김신영;한유정;이미범;류현미;서주태;박소연
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 2010
  • Y 염색체의 구조적 이상은 남성의 정상적인 고환의 분화와 정자생성과정에 영향을 미친다. 본 증례의 무정자증 남성의 혈액세포에서 관찰된 비정상 Y 염색체는 SRY를 포함한 부분적 단완 중복과 Yq12 이질염색질 결실로 재배열된 일동원체성 derivative Y 염색체이다. 이러한 형태의 Y 염색체에 대해서는 매우 드물게 보고되어 있다. 이는 분자세포유전학 및 분자유전학 검사를 통하여 46,X,der(Y)(pter${\rightarrow}$q11.23::p11.2${\rightarrow}$ pter).ish der(Y)(DYZ3+,DYZ1-,SRY++) 의 결과를 얻었다. 증례의 남성은 비정상 Y 염색체를 가졌음에도 불구하고 정상적인 고환의 크기와 혈액내 성호르몬의 수치는 정상이었다. 하지만 양측성 정계정맥류와 고환생검결과 정자형성기능저하증의 소견을 보였다. 이러한 비정상 Y 염색체는 부계의 감수분열 또는 배발생 초기 단계에서 Y 염색체 자매염색분체의 재배열 또는 Y 염색체내 비대립동종재조합(Non-allelic homologous recombination) 현상 때문에 일어난 것으로 생각되며 환자의 생식세포 분열과정 중 X-Y 성염색체 PAR1 (pseudoautosomal region 1) 부위가 접합하는 2가염색체 (X-Y bivalent) 형성장애기전으로 정자생성 또는 정자성숙 단계에 문제가 생긴 것으로 생각된다. 또한 남성특이영역(male specific region of the Y chromosome, MSY)에서 불임과 관련된 유전자들의 결실과 변이 등의 원인도 배제할 수 없을 것이다. 본 증례는 무정자증 불임남성의 생식과 관련된 표현형이 다양한 원인으로 결정될 수 있음을 시사하며 아울러 불임남성에 대한 보다 정확하고 자세한 분자 세포 유전학적 분석들이 불임 남성의 치료에도 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다.

전라도 구곡순담 장수벨트지역에 거주하는 중노년층의 체격지수와 영양소 섭취상태 (Anthropometric Index and Nutrient Intake in Korean Aged 50 Plus Years Living in Kugoksoondam Longevity-belt Region in Korea)

  • 곽충실;연미영;이미숙;오세인;박상철
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.308-328
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    • 2010
  • As the older adult period $({\geq}65y)$ is increasing, it is needed to investigate the trend of aging-dependent anthropomeric index and nutrient intake, and establish the more specific dietary guide for the different stages of aging period. To find the difference in nutrient intake among the Koreans aged 50-64, 65-74 and 75 years and older, and also any characteristics of dwellers in longevity area, we recruited 1,083 subjects (385 male and 698 female) aged 50-95 years (mean age, 71.3 yrs) living in Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as a longevity-belt region in Jeonlaprovince, Korea. We measured some anthropometric index and collected 2 day-dietary record. Nutrient intakes were analyzed by using DW24 program. The mean height and weight of subjects aged 75 years and older were lower than Korean national reference. BMI and obesity $({\geq}25kg/m^2)$ prevalence were significantly decreasing with aging. Underweight $(BMI<18.5kg/m^2)$ prevalence was also increasing with aging, especially in males, and it was slightly higher than national average, but similar to that in some other rural area. Obesity prevalence of male subjects was lower compared to national prevalence, but abdominal obesity prevalence $(waist{\geq}80cm)$ was very high in females (about 89%). In both genders, the average proportional contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat to energy intake was not different between 65-74 years and 75 years and older. On overall, nutrient intake and quality of diet of females were inferior to those of males so that many of females aged 75 years and older assumed to be at risk of malnourished status. Fiber, folate and vitamin E intakes were substantially higher compared to those in 2007 KNHNES and other some studies in rural area. While almost nutrient %EAR was significantly decreased with aging in females, there was no significant difference in %EAR for protein, vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_6$, $B_{12}$, niacin, Ca and Zn between 65-74 years and 75 years and older in males. Vitamin $B_2$ for male aged 50-64 years, vitamin $B_2$ and Ca for male aged 65 years and over and female aged 50-74 years, and vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, Ca and folate intake for female aged 75 years and older were assessed to be at risk to undernutrition based on the prevalence of intake below EAR. MAR of 13 nutrients and the number of nutrients consuming below EAR were significantly decreasing with aging in both genders, however, the number of nutrients of INQ < 1 and the average mini-nutritional assessment score were not significantly different between 65-74 years and 75 years and older. Taken together, decreasing tendency of nutrients intake and the quality of diet with aging was more evident in females than in males, and it is unique that our subjects consumed substantially higher fiber, folate and vitamin E compared to not only urban but also some other rural areas.

Rapid Sex Identification of Chicken by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using a W Chromosome-specific DNA Probe

  • Sohn, S.H.;Lee, C.Y.;Ryu, E.K.;Han, J.Y.;Multani, A.S.;Pathak, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권11호
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    • pp.1531-1535
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    • 2002
  • It has been known that the sex of chicken cells can be most accurately identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). However, the presently available FISH has not been widely used for sex identification, because the procedures for cell preparation and FISH itself are complicated and time-consuming. The present study was undertaken to test a rapid FISH procedure for sexing chicken. A FISH probe was simultaneously synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 416 bp segment of the 717 bp XhoI family fragment which is repeated over 10 thousand times exclusively in the W chromosome. Sexing by FISH was performed on cytological preparations of early embryos, adult lymphocytes and feather pulps of newly hatched chicks. The DNA probe hybridized to all types of uncultured interphase as well as metaphase female but not male cells that had been examined. Moreover, consistent with the known site of the XhoI family, the hybridization signal was localized to the pericentromeric region of the W chromosome. We, therefore, conclude that the present PCR-based FISH can be used as a rapid and reliable sex identification procedure for chicken.

지역 수준별 초등학생들의 스트레스 비교 분석 (A Comparison of Stress Levels of Elementary Students by Geographical Regions)

  • 이정렬;이규영;안양희;이현경
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.986-993
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare stress levels of elementary students according to three regional levels: a large city, a medium-sized city, and a rural area. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative survey using a convenience sample of 1,161 5th-and 6th-grade students. The stress level was measured by a stress scale that consisted of 65 items regarding personal characteristics, family, school, and peer factors. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 statistical program. Results: Overall, the mean stress scores reported by the participants were near the middle of a 5-point scale and the level of family-related stress was highest, followed by peer, school, and individual-related stress. Sixth-graders and female students showed higher stress levels than 5th-graders and male students, respectively. The participants reporting unsatisfaction with their lives and those living in large cities tended to have significantly higher stress levels. Conclusion: Grade, gender, life satisfaction, and regional levels were all significant factors associated with high stress levels among elementary students. Development of stress management programs for this specific population, especially targeting students who are female and living in large cities, is needed.

재건된 새 인두의 이차암에 대한 증례 보고서 (Second primary cancer in reconstructed neopharynx: a case report)

  • 강가람;한혜민;김현정;백승국;정광윤
    • 대한두경부종양학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.89-93
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    • 2017
  • Background. Ever since the first report of deltopectoral flap in pharyngo-esophageal reconstruction in 1965, various methods of flap reconstruction have been introduced, allowing surgical eradication of tumors that were once thought to be inoperable. Despite these advancement, many literatures emphasize distant metastasis and second primary malignancies as the most important factors that contribute to the low 5-year survival rate of the patients. Specific consensus about defining second primary cancer is still debatable, due to small number of reports regarding second primary tumors arising in flaps used for reconstruction of defects in the head and neck region. Case. We report a case of a 72-year-old male patient who, under the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal cancer, underwent total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy, extended right radical neck dissection with extended left lateral neck dissection, right hemithyroidectomy and radial forearm free flap reconstruction on June 16, 2003. After 37 cycles of radiation therapy, the patient exhibited no sign of recurrence. The patient revisited our department on June 14, 2016 with chief complaint of dysphagia that started two months before the visit. Radiologic studies and histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in neopharynx, one that had been reconstructed with forearm free flap. Conclusion. Until now, only a handful of reports regarding patients with second primary cancer in reconstructed flaps have been described. Despite its rarity, diagnostic criteria for second primary cancer should always kept in consideration for patients with recurred tumor.