• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) induced by mutant mitochondria genome, has been used for commercial seed production of $F_1$ hybrid cultivars in diverse crops. In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), two sterile cytoplasm specific gene organization, atp6-2 and coxII were identified. An open reading frame, orf456 nearby coxII gene has been speculated to induce male sterility (MS) by mutagenic analysis. Moreover, molecular markers for atp6-2 and coxII of mitochondrial genotype (mitotype) were developed. However, the Cytoplasmic MS specific markers, atp6SCAR and coxIISCAR markers appeared in both N and S cytoplasms when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycles prolonged more than 40 cycles. Since the reported molecular markers were dominant markers, the presence of the faint sterile-specific band in normal cytoplasm may lead to the mis-classification of pepper breeding lines. To solve this problem, one common forward primer and two different reverse primers specific to normal coxII and sterile orf456 genes were designed after analyzing their gene organizations. By using these three primers, N and S coxII specific bands were co-amplified in male-sterile lines, but only normal coxII specific band was amplified in maintainer lines. Since the reverse primer for sterile coxII was specifically designed 275 bp downstream of orf456, relatively stable PCR amplification patterns were observed regardless of the number of PCR cycles. These primer sets easily identified different mitotypes among the divergent breeding lines, commercial cultivars and diverse germplasms.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.431-435
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• 1985

우리나라 수도 품종을 배경으로 한 세포질적 유전적 웅성불임계통들에 우리나라 품종의 임성회복친을 교잡시킨 HR1619A/남풍벼, HR1619A/가야벼, HR1619A/계통234, 통일A/남풍벼, 통일A/청청벼, 수원296A/계통209, 수원296A/계통237, 수원296A/계통252 및 계통201A/계통234 등 9개 Hybrid를 육성하고 이들의 수량 및 수량 구성요소, 흰빛잎마름병 저항성 및 미질을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 공시된 9개 Hybrid들 중 계통201A/계통234, 통일A/남풍벼 및 HR 1619A/남풍벼 등 3개 Hybrid의 수량성이 높았는데 각각 우수친에 비해 36％, 17％ 및 10％의 증수(Heterobeltiosis)를, 표준품종인 청청벼에 비해 각각 19％, 17％ 및 14％의 증수(Standard Heterosis)를 보였다. 2. 공시된 Hybrid중 HR1619A/가야벼와 수원296A/계통237의 수량은 양친보다 낮았다. 3. 수량구성요소 중 수당입수의 잡종강세가 현저하였고 주당수수, 천립중 및 임실율의 잡종강세는 인정되지 않았다. 4. Hybrid의 흰빛잎마름병 저항성은 양친 중 강한친과 같은 반응을 보였다. 5. Hybrid들의 Amylose 함량은 20.8％∼24.7%였고 딘백질함량은 9.3％∼10.0％, 알칼리 붕괴도는 3.7∼7.0으로서 각각 양친품종과 비슷하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1987

우리나라 수도품종을 배경으로 한 유전적 자성불임 계통에 우리나라의 재배 품종을 교잡시켜 11개의 일대잡종을 육성하고 이들의 수량, 수량구성요소, 출수기, 잎도숙병반응 및 미질 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일대잡종들의 수량에 관한 평균 heterosis, he-terobeltiosis 및 standard heterosis는 각각 15.2%. 8.7% 및 17.9 %였다. 2. 수량구성요소 중 주당입수의 잡종강세가 현저하였다. 3. 일대잡종들의 출수기는 양친들과 비슷하였다. 4. 일대잡종들의 잎도숙병반응은 양친 중 저항성이 큰 친의 반응과 같았다. 5. 11개 일대잡종벼의 단백질함량은 10.4∼11.1%, amylose 함량은 20.5∼22.5％였고 알카리붕괴도는 높은 편이었으며 심복백 및 투명도는 양호하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

Rye breeding using F$_1$ hybrid began about 30 years ago, when cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorers were detected. It is very important to produce inbred lines for making hybrid lines because of strong self-incompatibility in rye. Among the 456 rye germplasms used in hybrid breeding scheme, 24 lines (5.3%) had the above 60% of self-fertility, and six lines of them were selected for their good agronomic characteristics and were used for subsequent inbreeding program. The average self-fertility of selected six lines was 78.4%, ranging from 72.2 to 99.5%. Genetic analysis for the self-fertility using $F_2$ populations showed that the segregation of self-fertile and sterile plants in F$_2$populations could be fit into 3 to 1 ratio suggesting self-fertility in rye be controlled by one major gene. The four different self-fertile lines, PI237923, 5C11, 5G5 and Florida black, had the same self-fertility gene because their F$_2$ plants showed almost the same self-fertility as their parents and showed no genetic segregation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1993

Drosophila melanogaster(OR)와 D. simulans(09) 및 그들 종간 잡종 사이의 형태적 유연관계를 비교하기 위하여 내.외부생식기 및 성즐을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 D. melanogaster 암컷과 D. simulans 수컷의 교배에서 암컷을, 그 정역 교배로서 수컷을 얻었으며 두 종간 사이의 잡종 $F_{1}$들은 모두 불임이었다. 내부생식기의 비교에서, 두종간 (melanogaster female $\times$ simulans male) 잡종 {$F_{1}$ 암컷의 경우는 양쪽 난소가 모두 퇴화된 형태였으며, 그 정역교배에 의한 $F_{1}$ 수컷의 정소는 미발달된 상태로 남아 있었다. 이런 형태적 특징은 D. melanogaster P-M system에서의 hybrid dysgensesis에 의한 양상과 매우 유사하였다. 수컷의 앞다리 제1부절에 존재하는 성즐의 평균 치열수는 D. melanogaster와 D. simulans에서 각각 10.73개와 8.35개 였으며, 잡종 $F_{1}$ 수컷의 경우는 9.97개 정도였다. 두 종간 잡종 $F_{1}$ 수컷의 외부 생식기의 전체적인 형태는 D. melanogaster와 비슷하였으나, 부분적으로 D. simulans에 유사하거나 중간적인 형질을 가지는 mosaic 구조였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1995

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), TMV-common strain, causes severe damage on flue-cured tobacco in Korea. As the results, breeding programs were conducted to transfer the TMV resistance from NC567 to other cultivars. Advantage of F1, hybrid may not lie only in their heterotic value but also in directly combining of valuable dominant traits, e.g. for disease resistance, either in pairs or as groups already assembled in the two parents. A new TMV resistant flue-cured tobacco variety KF114 was developed from a cross as maternal parent MSNC567 and NC82 at the Suwon Experiment Station. KF114 was more vigorous growth characteristics in early stage than that of NC82, standard variety in Korea, and other characters were similar to those of NC82. It os high resistance to TMV, but bacterial wilt(Pseudomonas solanacerum) and black shank (Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae) is comparable to NC82. It should adapt well to the flue-cured production area and can reduce premature flowering under unfavorable weather conditions. Yield of KF114 is 1% to 5% higher, and nearly equal in value per KG compared with NC82. This variety, F1 hybrid, met acceptable standards for chemical and physical characteristics of cured leaf and high ranked good smoking taste by panel members in Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

Three different male-sterile cytoplasmic lines and their common maintainer 'Zhenshan 97B' and two elite restorer lines were used to study cytoplasmic effects on agronomic trait manifestation per se under different nitrogen supply levels. The result showed that cytoplasmic effects could be modified by nitrogen environments. The cytoplasmic effect on grain yield under 150 kg N/ha varied depending on crosses, while it was significantly negative in most crosses under both 60 and 330 kg N/ha. The correlation and path-coefficient analyses suggested that it was expected to improve cytoplasmic effects through reducing maximum tillers and increasing the percentage of productive tillers, leading to increased productive tillers and higher yield in hybrid rice by the aid of cultural practice and genetic transformation. This study also revealed that the same cytoplasm in different combinations had differential effect under the same nitrogen environment, indicating that cytoplasmic effect was produced by interaction of nuclear genes with cytoplasm rather than cytoplasm per se. These results indicated the usefulness of evaluating diverse cytoplasmic sources in various nuclear genotypes bred for hybrid rice breeding program. The finding also suggested that negative cytoplasmic effect could be effectively overcome by elite restorer lines through the interaction of nuclear genes with female cytoplasm.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2008

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), one of the most important traits in crop breeding, has been used for commercial seed production by $F_1$ hybrid cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). To develop reliable molecular markers for allelic selection of the Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene, which is known to be a major determinant of pollen fertility restoration in peppers, a sequence of approximately 10 kb flanking an RAPD fragment closely linked to the Rf locus was obtained by genome walking. A homology search revealed that this sequence contained an LTR retrotransposon and a non-LTR LINE-like retrotransposon. Sequencing of this Rf-linked region to search for polymorphisms between a dominant and recessive allele revealed 98% nucleotide sequence identity between them. A third polymorphic haplotype of the Rf-linked sequence, which has 94-96% nucleotide sequence identity with the two previously isolated haplotypes, was identified among a large number of breeding lines. Utilizing polymorphic sequences in the haplotypes, PCR markers were developed for selection of particular haplotypes and used to examine the distribution of the haplotypes in diverse breeding lines, cultivars, and C. annuum germplasms. Surprisingly, the third haplotype was the predominant type in C. annuum germplasms, while its frequency in $F_1$ hybrid cultivars was relatively low. Meanwhile, analysis of breeding lines whose Rf allele genotypes and male-sterility phenotypes were already known revealed that the third haplotype was mainly present in exotic breeding lines that cause unstable male-sterility when combined with sterile cytoplasms.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2011

'여명'은 양파와 파간의 종간교잡을 이용하여 육성된 품종으로 추파용 비가림하우스 재배에 적합하며 주요 품종특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 초형은 외대파형이며 엽색은 파에 비해 다소 진하며 위경기부에 안토시아닌이 착색되며 비대가 약하게 일어난다. 2. 수량구성요소인 초장, 위경장, 위경너비가 크고 주당 생체중은 302 g으로 다수성 형질을 가지고 있다. 3. 파밤나방, 노균병, 녹병, 흑반병에 저항성이 있다. 4. 수량은 13,128 kg/10a로 '금장'에 비해 141% 증수되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.550-558
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• 2015

To analyze the linkage relationships among molecular markers recently reported to be linked to onion (Allium cepa L.) Ms, a restorer-of-fertility locus, in onion (Allium cepa L.), three single nucleotide polymorphism markers were converted into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers based on onion transcriptome sequences and the rice genome database. Analysis of the recombinants selected from 4,273 segregating plants using CAPS and other linked markers demonstrated the jnurf13 and jnurf610 markers to perfectly co-segregate with the Ms locus. In contrast to jnurf13, the jnurf610 marker was not in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the Ms locus in diverse breeding lines. Thus, the jnurf13 marker and the marker for identification of cytoplasm types were utilized to enhance the efficiency of onion breeding through four applications. First, 89 maintainer lines containing the normal cytoplasm and homozygous recessive Ms genotypes were successfully identified from 100 breeding lines. Second, these two molecular markers were used to analyze the main sources of male-fertile contaminants frequently found in the male-sterile parental lines during F1 hybrid seed production. The majority of the contaminants contained heterozygous Ms genotypes, indicating that pollen grains harboring the dominant Ms genotype may have been introduced during propagation of the maintainer lines. Therefore, the genetic purity of the two maintainer lines was analyzed in the third application, and the results showed that both maintainer lines contained 13-21% off-types. Finally, the two markers were used to increase the seed yield potentials of two open-pollinated varieties containing sterile cytoplasms by removing the plants harboring homozygous recessive and heterozygous Ms genotypes.