• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

The study examined the effects of dietary green tea powder supplementation on blood glucose, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations in diabetic rats. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $200{\pm}5\;g$) were divided into two groups (diabetic and non-diabetic), which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed a control and 1% green tea powder-supplemented diet. Serum and liver lipid concentrations were measured by established techniques. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from an established equation. Body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were lower in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats regardless of diet. There were no differences in weight gain in diabetic and non-diabetic rats consuming the control and green tea powder-supplemented diets. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Conversely, the levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) of diabetic rats was significantly lower than that of non-diabetic rats. Fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet, and HDL-C was significantly higher in rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet. The content of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed green tea powder-supplemented diet than in rats fed the control diet. It is concluded that green tea powder supplementation positively influences blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. The present study, although not directly applicable to humans, may have some implications for individuals who habitually consume green tea powder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 1995

This study determined plasma glucose, free fatty acid(ffa), epinephrine, norepinephrine, creatine the phosphokinase(CPK), calcium (Ca), magnesium(Mg) and hydroxyproline, Ca and Mg in the heart muscle. Thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats average weighing 110g divided into two diet group : normal Mg group(0.05% Mg), Marginal Mg group(0.005% Mg). After the rats were on experimental diets for 2 weeks, rats for each group were randomly assigned to stress and no stress group and 30 minutes IMMB stress was administered to stress group every day for two weeks. The following were found : 1) Rats fed normal magnesium diet showed decreased plasma glucose and non signficant change in norepinephrine and CPK with IMMB stress, while magnesium deficient rats showed elevated plasma glucose, norepinephrine and CPK with stress. 2) Myocardial hydroxyproline and plasma epinephrine were not significantly different among groups. 3) In the rats fed adequate magnesium, stress increased plasma magnesium while rats on marginal magnesium diet did not show significant change with stress. 4) Plasma and myocardial calcium were increased in rats fed marginal Mg diet, but did not show any significant difference with stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2005

Chitosan, which is a biopolymer, composed of glucosamine units linked by $\beta$-1, 4 glycoside bonds, is rich in shells of crustacean such as crabs and shrimps. Consumption of chitosan has been rapidly increased as a functional food. We examined effects of chitosan on the damages caused by lead (Pb) exposure in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 64), then fed diets containing 3% cellulose (control) or 3% chitosan, each with 4 different lead doses (0 mg/d, 20 mg/d, 50 mg/d, and 100 mg/d) for 4 wks. Lead doses were given 3 times per week by oral administration. Blood lead levels in rats increased depending on the administered doses of lead. Rats fed chitosan diets showed lower blood lead concentration than did their respective controls. Effect of chitosan on the blood lead was more beneficial in rats exposed to lower lead (20 mg/d) than in rats exposed to higher lead (50 mg/d and 100 mg/d). Histological changes in erythrocytes and liver were also examined. Chitosan tended to reduce numbers of basophilic stippling erythrocytes and improve the histological liver changes in rats given various lead doses. The preventive effects of chitosan on liver damages were stronger in rats with higher lead than those with lower lead. These results indicate that chitosan has beneficial effects on both blood toxicological responses and histological damages of erythrocytes and liver induced by the administration of various lead doses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio on plasma glucose. free fatty acid level and hepatic glucokinase activity in normal or insulin treated diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with 3 different but isocaloric diets for 5 weeks. Diet 1 made to have low fat(4% corn oil and 65.8% corn starch wt/wt) : diet 2 medium fat (12% : 47.8%) : diet 3 high fat (20% : 29.8%) In the normal rats an apparent increase of GK activity was observed from the animal fed low fat diet when compared with other groups. GK activities were decreased in all the alloxan-diabetic rats than the normal rats. When insulin was injected the GK activities in all the livers of alloxan-diabetic rats restored to normal level and GK activity was highest in low fat group. In the entire group significant relationships were seen between the plasma glucose and GK activities(r=-0.6, p<0.001) FFA levels and GK activities(r=-0.63 p<0.001) Both in normal and insulin treated diabetic rats significantly depressed level of hepatic GK activity was observed in the livers of animals fed high fat diet for 5 weeks and depressed level of GK activity may be related to insulin resistance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.991-998
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• 1998

The effects of indigestible dextrin on serum lipid and glucose concentrations, large intestinal functions, feces states, and gastrointestinal transit time were studied with 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets contained 0.5% cellulose(0.5CL control), 10% cellulose(10CL), and 10% indigestible dextrin I (10ID-I), respectively and were fed to the rats for 3 weeks. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower in rats fed the 10ID-I diet. Serum triglyceride concentration was lower in rats fed the 10CL diet. Cecal content and cecum weight significantly increased in the rats fed the 10ID- I diet. Cecal pH of the rats fed the 10ID-I diet was lower than that of the rats fed the 0.5CL diet. Changes of fecal output were not observed in case of 0.5CL and 10ID-I diets but a significant increase was observed in the case of 10CL. Gastrointestinal transit time of 10ID-I was the longest among the three diets. These results demonstrate that indigestible dextrin delivered to the cecum was not digested and increased the cecal mass. Indigestible dextrin improves colonic health of rats by inducing low pH of the cecum. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) 991-998, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acids on renal function in male Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages 5-, 15- and 19-months old. The rats were fed a 20%(w/w) lipid diet containing 10% fish oil, compared with control animals fed a 20% lipid diet without fish oil for 4 weeks. The results were as follows: kidney weights were significantly higher in fish oil-fed rats compared to control rats. Plasma levels of total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride markedly increased, with aging and LDL-cholesterol showing a significantly lower level in fish oil-fed rats than control rats. The urinary protein and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased with aging. GFR was higher in fish oil-fed rats. However, urinary protein was the same in the two groups. Renal medulla thromboxane B$_2$(TXB$_2$)tended to be lower in fish oil-fed 19-month-old rats. Urinary TXB$_2$and PGE$_2$were found to be higher proteinuria. Light microscopic examination showed interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and glomerular mesangium increase. Although glomerular sclerosis increased with aging, fish oil in the diet had no effect on histological changes. In conclusion, plasma lipid, urinary protein excretion and renal histological change showed a significant increase with aging. The reduction of TXB$_2$in the medulla and increase of GFR caused by fish oil indicated n-3 fatty acid could affect renal function in line with the hypolipidemic effect.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2009

Curcumin (CMN) is known to have beneficial role in anorexia, coryza, cough, diabetic wounds, and hepatic disorders apart from its inherent antioxidant effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant effect of CMN in prevention of nephrolithiasis in rats-induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and Vitamin D3 (Vit. D3). Male Wistar rats (175 - 200 g) were randomized in groups like control, EG + Vit. D3 induced nephrolithiatiatic rats, CMN treated rats, CMN + EG + Vit. D3 treated rats, Vit. E + EG + Vit. D3 treated rats. Urine was collected weekly throughout the experimental protocol and estimated for calcium oxalate (CaO) count. After completion of experimental protocol serum was estimated for blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Both the kidneys were excised and used to evaluate levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition by histopathological studies. Administration of EG and Vit. D3 to rats resulted in increased oxidative stress, hyperoxaluria and renal deposition of CaO crystals. Supplementation with CMN improves kidney function, reduces elevated oxidative stress, urinary oxalate level and renal deposition of CaO which shows its protective action in nephrolithiasis. The increased deposition of stone in the kidney and stone forming constituents of nephrolithiatic rats were effectively lowered by treatment of CMN.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

Male rats of 2 months-old(young), 6 months-old(adult) and 30 months-old(old)were fed 8 or 16 weeks to investigate the e(feats of dietary fat level on the lipid metabolism in the different stages of aging. The response of 30 month old rats to dietary fat level differed from either 2 or 6-months old rats. In 30-months old rats, dietary fat level had a little effect on weight gains, lipid content of serum as compared with other two age groups. Young rats showed higher body weight gain, F.S.R, and PER compared with aged rat. The younger and the more high fat fed the rats were, the more body weight gains, FER and PER showed. Weight of liver and kidney was increased in aged rats but ratio per unit weight of liver and kidney was not affected by age. Serum lipid content was higher in aged rat compared with the young and liver lipid content was higher in high fat diet fed rats. But TG of liver and serum was not changed with aging process. Intake, excretion and absorption of lipid was not changed by age of animals. but absorption was decreased as experimental period was increased.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.712-716
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups fed control, sea tangle powder (15%, w/w), or sea tangle water extract (4%, w/w) diet. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed each of the experimental diet for 13 weeks. Serum insulin was increased by dietary supplementation of sea tangle in diabetic rats. Dietary sea tangle reduced blood glucose level of diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats fed control diet. Dietary sea tangle also reduced the serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride in the diabetic rats. While hepatic lipids were reduced, fecal excretion of lipids was increased by supplementation with dietary sea tangle in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that dietary sea tangle decreased blood glucose and improved lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats and this effect might be exerted by increases in serum insulin and fecal excretion of lipids.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.185-187
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• 2004

The co-administration of BPA and BBP induced slow weight gain compared with single administration in dams. Also, such mixture induced low neonatal body weights in next generation. The dams treated with BPA and BBP showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen exposed during lactational periods. But the dams exposed during lactational periods showed significant organ weight changes not only in liver, spleen but also in kidney, uterus and ovary. The F1 female rats exposed during lactation periods showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen, ovary. The F1 male rats showed significant organ weight changes in liver, kidney, epididymis, vesicular glands, prostate. However no clear synergistic effects of BPA and BBP could be found. Estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ expression by BPA and BBP in the uterus(dam, F1 female) and testis(F1 male) were studied. There was no significant different $ER{\alpha}$ expression pattern between control and treated groups. But $ER{\alpha}$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. F1 male showed distinct $ER{\alpha}$ expression, especially in the group of lactational combined exposure. Synergistic $ER{\alpha}$ expression was found by combined treatment of BPA and BBP.